November 12......

November 12 is the 316th day of the year (317th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. There are 49 days remaining in the year on this date.

EVENTS

● 764 - Tibetan troops occupy Chang'an, the capital of the Chinese Tang Dynasty, for fifteen days.

● 1028 - Future Byzantine empress Zoe marries Romanus Argyrus according to the wishes of the dying Constantine VIII

● 1381: - Adolphes, Count of Cleves, founds "Brotherhood of Fools." Big family.

● 1439 - Plymouth, England, becomes the first town incorporated by the English Parliament.

● 1556 Dutch Anabaptist reformer Menno Simons wrote in a letter: 'I can neither teach nor live by the faith of others. I must live by my own faith as the Spirit of the Lord has taught me through His Word.'

● 1660: - John Bunyan arrested for preaching without a license.

● 1701 The Carolina Assembly passed a Vestry Act making the Church of England the official religion of the Carolina Colony. (Strong opposition by Quakers and other resident Nonconformists forced the colony's proprietors to revoke their legislation two years later.)

● 1779: - Twenty slaves petition New Hampshire's legislature to abolish slavery. They argue that "the god of nature gave them life and freedom upon the terms of most perfect equality with other men; that freedom is an inherent right of the human species, not to be surrendered but by consent."

● 1788: - Mexican Gov. Fernando de la Concha recommends that Navajo establish themselves in permanent villages. Seventy-five years later, under U.S. jurisdiction, the U.S. Army would burn those villages.

● 1811: - One thousand armed men, part of what would rapidly become known as the Luddite movement, destroy dozens of the textile machines whose adoption was causing massive unemployment. Sutton, England.

● 1815 Elizabeth Cady Stanton, the pioneering American women's rights leader and social reformer, was born. With Susan B. Anthony and Matilda Joslyn Gage, she compiles first three volumes of "History of Woman Suffrage."

● 1818 Birth of Henri F. Hemy, English church organist. Of his several original compositions, best known is the tune ST. CATHERINE, to which we commonly sing the hymn, "Faith of Our Fathers."

● 1871: - Switzerland: - Anarchist Jurassic Federation adopts constitution designed to counter the Marxist influenced International.

● 1888: - Police battle unemployed demonstrators, Trafalgar Square, London.

● 1893 - The treaty of the Durand Line was signed between present day Pakistan and Afghanistan and which has gained international recognition as a international border between the two sister-nations.

● 1899 American evangelist Dwight Lyman Moody, 62, began his last evangelistic campaign in Kansas City, Missouri. Becoming ill during the last service, Moody was unable to complete his message, and died a few days later, on Dec 22.

● 1905 - (November 12 & 13) Norway holds referendum in favour of monarchy over republic.

● 1912 - The frozen bodies of Robert Scott and his men are found on the Ross Ice Shelf in Antarctica.

● 1912: - Anarchist Manuel Pardinas assassinates Spanish Premier Jose Canalejas.

● 1914: - Fenner Brockway publishes appeal leading to the formation of the No- Conscription Fellowship, Britain.

● 1918 - Austria becomes a republic.

● 1920 - Judge Kenesaw Mountain Landis was elected baseball's first commissioner.

● 1920: - President of Haiti, unhappy with the way U.S. administrators (appointed after Pres. Wilson sent Marines to Haiti in 1915 to "protect U.S. interests") are (mis)conducting his country's affairs, asks for Congressional investigation.

● 1921: - Disarmament conference opens, Washington D.C.

● 1922 - Sigma Gamma Rho Sorority, Inc., was founded on the campus of Butler University in Indianapolis, Indiana.

● 1926: - First civilian airplane bombing in U.S. occurs when private plane drops three explosives on Charles Berger's Illinois farmhouse in feud between rival beer and rum factions.

● 1927 - One year after his purge from the Soviet Politburo, Leon Trotsky expelled from the Communist Party. He would be exiled to Alma Ata two months later, expelled from Russia entirely two years later, and eventually assassinated in Mexico by Stalin's goons.

● 1927 - The Holland Tunnel opens to traffic as the first Hudson River vehicular tunnel linking New Jersey to New York City.

● 1933 - Hugh Gray takes the first known photos of the Loch Ness Monster.

● 1934 - The musical Babes in Toyland debuts, featuring Stan Laurel and Oliver Hardy as comic relief (see Laurel and Hardy).

● 1936 - In California, the San Francisco-Oakland Bay Bridge opens to traffic.

● 1938 - Hermann Göring announces Nazi Germany plans to make Madagascar the "Jewish homeland", an idea that actually was first considered by 19th century journalist Theodor Herzl.

● 1939: - Canadian-born Chinese revolutionist Norman Bethune, 40, dies on the front lines, of gangrene, Heibei, China.

● 1941 - World War II: Temperatures around Moscow drop to -12 ° C and the Soviet Union launches ski troops for the first time against the freezing German forces near the city.

● 1941 - A Soviet cruiser "Chervona Ukraina" was destroyed during the battle of Sevastopol

● 1942 - World War II: The Naval Battle of Guadalcanal between Japanese and American forces begins near Guadalcanal, it will last for three days. The Americans eventually won a major victory over the Japanese.

● 1944 - World War II: The Royal Air Force launches one of the most successful precision bombing attacks of war and sinks the German battleship Tirpitz off the coast of Norway.

● 1946 - A branch of the Exchange National Bank in Chicago opens the first ten drive-up teller windows.

● 1948 - In Tokyo, an international war crimes tribunal sentences seven Japanese military and government officials to death, including General Hideki Tojo, for their roles in World War II.

● 1954 Ellis Island closed after processing more than 20 million immigrants since opening in New York Harbor in 1892. (Including at least five of A Proud Liberal’s direct forbearers.)

● 1954 American Presbyterian missionary Francis Schaeffer wrote in a letter: 'Loyalty to organizations and movements has always tended over time to take the place of loyalty to the person of Christ.'

● 1968: - U.S. Supreme Court voids Arkansas law banning teaching of evolution in public schools.

● 1969 - Vietnam War: My Lai Massacre - Independent investigative journalist Seymour Hersh breaks the My Lai story.

● 1970 - The Oregon Highway Division attempts to destroy a rotting beached Gray whale with explosives, leading to the now -infamous exploding whale incident

● 1970: - Two hundred nuns, priests, and lay persons meet to discuss the meaning for religion of the feminist movement, Garrison, New York.

● 1971: - Berkeley (Calif.) City Council votes to provide symbolic sanctuary for Vietnam War draft resisters.

● 1971 - Vietnam War: As part of Vietnamization, US President Richard M. Nixon sets February 1, 1972 as the deadline for the removal of another 45,000 American troops from Vietnam.

● 1972: - Chicano protesters storm the Seattle City Council after it rejects a lease for a proposed Chicano community center on the unused Beacon Hill School site. The site is later approved as El Centro de la Raza.

● 1979 - Iran hostage crisis: In response to the hostage situation in Tehran, US President Jimmy Carter orders a halt to all petroleum imports into the United States from Iran.

● 1980 - The NASA space probe Voyager I makes its closest approach to Saturn sending vivid images of the rings of Saturn across nearly a billion miles of space.

● 1980: - New York City Mayor Ed Koch admits to trying marijuana.

● 1982: - Zonker talks about Hashish in a sandbox, sparking a lot of criticism (Doonesbury).

● 1982 - In the Soviet Union, Yuri Andropov becomes the general secretary of the Soviet Communist Party's Central Committee, succeeding the late Leonid I. Brezhnev.

● 1982 - Lech Wałęsa is released. The Polish government frees the leader of the outlawed Solidarity movement, Lech Walesa, after 11 months of internment.

● 1983: - Washington, D.C.: - Twenty-five thousand protest invasion of Grenada and U.S. intervention in Central America.

● 1984: - A Plowshares protest targets Silo Pruning Hooks, a Minuteman II nuclear-missile silo in Knob Noster, Mo. After using a jackhammer and air-compressor to damage the silo lid, protesters Carl and Paul Kabat, Larry Cloud Morgan, and Helen Woodson offer a Eucharist, then leave behind a Biblical and a Native American indictment of the U.S. government. Arrested an hour after the action, authorities hold the four on preventive detention and deny bond. In March 1985, they are convicted of conspiracy, destruction of government property, and intent to damage the national defense. Their prison sentences, ranging from eight to 18 years, are the most severe to date of any Plowshares member. All but Woodson appeal their cases. The appeals will lose in the spring of 1986.

● 1984 - Quid notes out - pound coins in; The English pound note is to disappear after more than 150 years.

● 1985 - Xavier Suarez was elected Miami's first Cuban-American mayor.

● 1987 - The American Medical Association issued a policy statement saying it was unethical for a doctor to refuse to treat someone solely because that person has AIDS or is HIV-positive.

● 1990 - Crown Prince Akihito is formally installed as Emperor Akihito of Japan, becoming the 125th Japanese monarch to assume the Chrysanthemum Throne.

● 1990 - Tim Berners-Lee publishes a formal proposal for the World Wide Web.

● 1990: - Two hundred thousand Paris school children rioted for better education.

● 1991: - Occupying Indonesian troops murder 150 nonviolent demonstrators in Santa Cruz Massacre, Dili, East Timor.

● 1992 - Absolutely Fabulous airs its first episode on BBC1.

● 1993 - Decree of President of Kazakhstan "About introducing national currency of Republic of Kazakhstan" was issued.

● 1993 - The first Ultimate Fighting Championship is held in Denver, Colorado.

● 1996 - Jonathan Schmitz was convicted of second-degree murder for shooting Scott Amedure, a gay man who'd revealed a crush on Schmitz during a taping of the ''The Jenny Jones Show.''

● 1996 - A Saudi Arabian Airlines Boeing 747 and a Kazakh Ilyushin Il-76 cargo plane collide in mid-air near New Delhi, India killing 349.

● 1996: - U.N. votes 138-3 to urge U.S. to end cruel and illegal blockade of Cuba. The three dissenters: - Israel, Uzbekistan, and the U.S.

● 1997: - Six East Timorese and three British supporters arrested at British Aerospace factory in a protest of export of arms to Indonesia. Warton, England.

● 1997 - Ramzi Yousef is found guilty of masterminding the 1993 World Trade Center bombing.

● 1997 - 'Great Train Robber' escapes extradition again; The 'Great Train Robber', Ronnie Biggs, celebrates after Brazil rejects a British request to extradite him.

● 1998 - Daimler-Benz completes a merger with Chrysler to form Daimler-Chrysler.

● 1999 - President Bill Clinton signed a sweeping measure knocking down Depression-era barriers and allowing banks, investment firms and insurance companies to sell each other's products.

● 1999 - An earthquake struck western Turkey, killing at least 834 people.

● 2001 - In New York City, an Airbus A300 carrying American Airlines Flight 587 crashes minutes after takeoff from John F. Kennedy International Airport, killing all 265 on board.

● 2001 - Greece holds plane-spotting 'spies'; The Greek authorities are to carry out further inquiries in the case of 12 British plane-spotters being held on spying charges.

● 2001 - Attack on Afghanistan: Taliban forces abandon Kabul, the capital of Afghanistan, ahead of advancing Afghan Northern Alliance troops.

● 2003 - Occupation of Iraq: In Nasiriya, Iraq, at least 23 people, among them the first Italian casualties of the 2003 Iraq war are killed in a suicide bomb attack on an Italian police base.

● 2004 - Scott Peterson is found guilty of first degree murder of his wife Laci Peterson and their unborn son Conner after a five-and-a-half month long trial. (Peterson would later be sentenced to death.)

BIRTHS

● 1493 - Bartolommeo Bandinelli, Italian sculptor (d. 1560)

● 1528 - Qi Jiguang, Chinese general (d. 1588)

● 1606 - Jeanne Mance, French Canadian settler (d. 1673)

● 1615 - Richard Baxter, English clergyman (d. 1691)

● 1651 - Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz, Mexican scholar, nun, and writer of the baroque school.

● 1729 - Louis Antoine de Bougainville, French explorer (d. 1811)

● 1755 - Gerhard von Scharnhorst, Prussian general (d. 1813)

● 1795 - Thaddeus William Harris, American naturalist (d. 1856)

● 1815 - Elizabeth Cady Stanton, American social reformer; fought for women's suffrage in Johnstown, N.Y. (d. 1902)

● 1817 - Bahá'u'lláh, Persian founder of the Bahá'í Faith (d. 1892)

● 1833 - Alexander Borodin, Russian composer (d. 1887)

● 1840 - Auguste Rodin, French sculptor (d. 1917)

● 1842 - John Strutt, 3rd Baron Rayleigh, English physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1919)

● 1848 - Eduard Müller, member of the Swiss Federal Council (d. 1919)

● 1850 - Mikhail Chigorin, Russian chess player (d. 1908)

● 1866 - Sun Yat-sen, first President of the Republic of China (d. 1925)

● 1881 - Maximilian von Weichs, German field marshal (d. 1954)

● 1886 - Ben Travers, British playwright (d. 1980)

● 1889 - DeWitt Wallace, American magazine publisher (d. 1981)

● 1896 - Salim Ali, Indian ornithologist (d. 1987)

● 1898 - Leon Štukelj, Slovene gymnast, Olympic gold medalist and athlete (d. 1999)

● 1903 - Jack Oakie, American actor (d. 1978)

● 1908 - Harry Blackmun, U.S. Supreme Court Justice (1970-94) (d. 1999)

● 1911 - Buck Clayton, American musician (d. 1991)

● 1915 - Roland Barthes, French critic and writer (d. 1980)

● 1917 - Jo Stafford, American singer

● 1920 - Richard Quine, American actor (d. 1989)

● 1922 - Kim Hunter, American actress (d. 2002)

● 1923 - Vicco von Bülow, German graphic artist, actor and film director

● 1929 - Michael Ende, German writer (d. 1995)

● 1929 - Grace Kelly, Princess Grace of Monaco, American actress (d. 1982)

● 1930 - Ann Flood, American actress

● 1931 - Norman Y. Mineta, Secretary of Transportation

● 1934 - Charles Manson, American cult leader and convicted mass murderer despite no evidence he actually killed anyone

● 1936 - Mills Lane, American judge and boxing referee

● 1939 - Ruby Nash Curtis, R&B singer

● 1943 - Jimmy Hayes, R&B singer (Persuasions)

● 1943 - Brian Hyland, American singer

● 1943 - Wallace Shawn, American actor and playwright

● 1944 - Booker T. Jones, American musician, singer, and songwriter (Booker T and the MG's)

● 1944 - Al Michaels, American television sportscaster

● 1945 - Neil Young, Canadian singer, songwriter, and musician

● 1947 - Ron Bryant, Baseball player

● 1947 - Donald Roeser, Rock musician (Blue Oyster Cult)

● 1949 - Jack Reed, U.S. senator, D-R.I.

● 1950 - Barbara Fairchild, Country singer

● 1952 - Ernie Fletcher, Governor of Kentucky

● 1958 - Megan Mullally, American actress

● 1961 - Nadia Comaneci, Romanian gymnast

● 1961 - Enzo Francescoli, Uruguayan footballer

● 1964 - David Ellefson, American musican, Bassist (Megadeth)

● 1966 - David Schwimmer, American actor

● 1967 - Michael Moorer, American boxer

● 1967 - Sam Lloyd, Actor (''Scrubs'')

● 1968 - Glenn Gilberti, American professional wrestler

● 1968 - Sammy Sosa, Dominican Major League Baseball player

● 1968 - Aaron Stainthorpe, British singer (My Dying Bride)

● 1969 - Kathleen Hanna, American singer and songwriter

● 1969 - Heinz-Christian Strache, Austrian politician

● 1969 - Johnny Gosch, Child kidnap victim

● 1970 - Tonya Harding, American figure skater

● 1970 - Harvey Stephens, British child actor

● 1970 - Donna Adamo, American female professional wrestler

● 1973 - Mayte Garcia, American dancer

● 1973 - Radha Mitchell, Actress

● 1974 - Tamala Jones, Actress

● 1975 - Angela Watson, American actress

● 1976 - Tevin Campbell, American R&B musician

● 1976 - Mirosław Szymkowiak, Polish footballer

● 1976 - Judith Holofernes, german singer (Wir Sind Helden)

● 1977 - Dalene Kurtis, American Playboy model

● 1978 - Ashley Williams, Actress

● 1978 - Andrew Kinlochan, English singer and musician

● 1979 - Matt Cappotelli, American professional wrestler

● 1980 - Ryan Gosling, Canadian actor

● 1980 - Trent Acid, American professional wrestler

● 1981 - DJ Campbell, English football player

● 1982 - Anne Hathaway, American actress

● 1984 - Omarion, American R&B musician

● 1992 - Macey Cruthird, American actress (''Hope and Faith'')

DEATHS

● 607 - Pope Boniface III

● 1035 - Canute the Great

● 1094 - King Duncan II of Scotland (b. 1060)

● 1434 - King Louis III of Naples

● 1555 - Stephen Gardiner, English stateman

● 1595 - John Hawkins, English shipbuilder and trader (b. 1532)

● 1667 - Hans Nansen, Danish statesman (b. 1598)

● 1671 - Thomas Fairfax, English Civil War general (b. 1612)

● 1742 - Friedrich Hoffmann, German physician and chemist (b. 1660)

● 1757 - Colley Cibber, English poet (b. 1671)

● 1836 - Juan Ramón Balcarce, Argentine military leader and politician (b. 1773)

● 1865 - Elizabeth Gaskell, English novelist (b. 1810)

● 1916 - Percival Lowell, American amateur astronomer, founder of Lowell Observatory in Flagstaff, Arizona (b. 1855)

● 1939 - Norman Bethune, Canadian doctor and humanitarian (b. 1890)

● 1941 - Abe "Kid Twist" Reles, American mobster (b. 1907)

● 1948 - Umberto Giordano, Italain composer (b. 1867)

● 1955 - Alfréd Hajós, Hungarian swimmer (b. 1878)

● 1976 - Walter Piston, American composer (b. 1894)

● 1981 - William Holden, American actor (b. 1918)

● 1984 - Chester Himes, American author (b. 1909)

● 1990 - Eve Arden, American actress (b. 1908)

● 1993 - H. R. Haldeman, White House Chief of Staff (b. 1926)

● 1994 - Wilma Rudolph, American runner (b. 1940)

● 1997 - Carlos Surinach, Spanish composer (b. 1915)

● 2000 - Leah Rabin, wife of Israeli Prime Minister Yitzhak Rabin, (b. 1928)

● 2001 - Tony Miles, English chess player (b. 1955)

● 2003 - Jonathan Brandis, American actor (b. 1976)

● 2003 - Penny Singleton, American actress (b. 1908)

● 2003 - Tony Thompson, American drummer (CHIC, Power Station) (b. 1954)

● 2003 - Kay E. Kuter, American actor (b. 1925)

● 2004 - Tito Francona, baseball player (b. 1933)

● 2005 - William G. Adams, former mayor of St. John's, Newfoundland, Canada. (b. 1923)

HOLIDAYS AND OBSERVANCES

● Roman Catholic Saints:
● St. Josaphat of Polotsk; Josaphat Kuncevyc, bishop/martyr
● St. Anastasius XIX
● St. Astericus
● St. Benedict and Companions
● St. Ymar
● St. Cadwallader
● St. Cummian Fada
● St. Emilian Cucullatus
● St. Lebuin (sometimes Lieven or Leafwini)
● St. Livinus
● St. Machar
● St. Namphasius
● St. Nilus the Elder
● St. Paternus
● St. Patiens
● St. Renatus
● St. Rufus and Avignon

● Old Roman Catholicism: Commemoration of Martin I, pope (649-55)

● Anglican: Commemoration of Charles Simeon, priest

● Russian Orthodox Christian Menaion Calendar October 27 (Civil Date: November 12)
● Martyr Nestor of Thessalonica
● Martyrs Capitolina and Eroteis of Cappadocia.
● Martyr Mark of the isle of Thasos.
● St. Nestor the Chronicler of the Kiev Caves.
● Opening of the Relics of St. Andrew, prince of Smolensk.
● St. Cyriacus, Patriarch of Constantinople.
● St. Procla, wife of Pontius Pilate.

● Bahá'í Faith: Holy Day, Birth of Bahá'u'lláh

● Austria : Republic Day (1918)

● Bermuda : Rememberance Day

● Saudi Arabia : Coronation Day

● China and Taiwan : Sun Yat Sen's Birthday (1866)

● Women's Organizations : Elizabeth Cady Stanton Day (1815)

● Note these holidays are only applicable on a given "day of the week":
● West Germany : Repentance Day – ( Wednesday )
● England : Lord Mayor's Day – ( Saturday )

FICTION

● In the Back To The Future film trilogy, November 12, 1955 is a key date. It is the date of the "famous Hill Valley lightning storm" which sends Marty McFly back to 1985 in his DeLorean time machine, and the date Marty gets his parents together. In Back to the Future Part II, Marty and Doc Brown return to this date to stop Biff Tannen from changing history. Doc Brown hypothesizes that this date might hold some special significance, being the temporal junction point for the entire space-time continuum (or, as he says, "it could just be an amazing coincidence").


Click on this LINK to see original Wikipedia list with many having links with details.

Additional facts taken from:

On this day in the New York Times

The BBC’s Take on the day

On This Day Website

Geov Parrish's this Day in Radical History, things that happened on this day that you never had to memorize in school.

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