November 11......

November 11 is the 315th day of the year (316th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. There are 50 days remaining in the year on this date.

EVENTS

● 308 - The Congress of Carnuntum: Attempting to keep peace within the Roman Empire, the leaders of the Tetrarchy declare Maxentius and Licinius to be Augusti, while rival contender Constantine I is declared Caesar of Britain and Gaul

● 1215 - The Fourth Lateran Council was convened by Pope Innocent III. It was the council which first defined "transubstantiation," the Catholic belief that the bread and wine of the Eucharist change invisibly into the body and blood of Christ.

● 1500 - Treaty of Granada - Louis XII of France and Ferdinand II of Aragon agree to divide the Kingdom of Naples between them.

● 1620 - The "Mayflower Compact" was signed by the 41 Separatists (all male) among the passengers of the "Mayflower," serving as the basis for combining themselves "into a civil body politic." Democratic in form, the Compact comprised the first written American constitution, and remained in force until 1691.

● 1634 - Following pressure from Anglican bishop John Atherton, the Irish House of Commons passes "An Act for the Punishment for the Vice of Buggery" (anal sex).

● 1647: - First American compulsory school law passed, Massachusetts.

● 1675 - Gottfried Leibniz demonstrated integral calculus for the first time to find the area under the graph of y = f(x) function.

● 1675 - Guru Gobind Singh becomes the Tenth Guru of the Sikhs.

● 1744: - Birth of Abigail Adams, early advocate for women's rights.

● 1760 - English founder of Methodism John Wesley wrote in a letter: 'You cannot live on what He did yesterday. Therefore He comes today.'

● 1778: - Iroquois Indians in New York kill 40 in Cherry Valley Massacre.

● 1793 - Five months after setting sail for India, English pioneer missionary William Carey, 32, reached Calcutta. (Later, Carey founded the Baptist Missionary Society, the first of the British Protestant missions agencies.)

● 1831: - Slave revolt leader Nat Turner hanged, Jerusalem, Virginia. Leader of a bloody slave revolt three months before. A slave and educated minister, he believed himself chosen by God to lead his people out of slavery. Initiated when Turner killed his owner, Joseph Travis, and Travis's family. Within the next 24 hours, Turner and an estimated 70 followers rampaged through Southampton County, Virginia, killing close to 60 whites, while attempting to incite other slaves into revolt. Militia and federal troops were called to Southampton County, and the uprising suppressed with over 100 African Americans being hanged -- many non-participants in the revolt.

● 1833 - Former United States President John Quincy Adams is first chief executive involved in a railroad accident when the Camden & Amboy train he is riding derails due to a broken axle caused by an overheated journal box in the meadows near Hightstown, New Jersey. He is uninjured and continues his trip onto Washington, D.C. the following day.

● 1834 - Hans Christian Andersen's The Ugly Duckling was first published.

● 1839 - The Virginia Military Institute is founded in Lexington, Virginia.

● 1864: - Birth of pacifist Alfred Hermann Fried, Germany. Winner of 1911 Nobel Peace Prize.

● 1864 - American Civil War: Sherman's March to the Sea - Union General William Tecumseh Sherman begins burning Atlanta, Georgia to the ground in preparation for his march south.

● 1865 - Treaty of Sinchula is signed in which Bhutan ceded the areas east of the Teesta River to the British East India Company.

● 1880: - American feminist Lucretia Mott dies.

● 1880 - Australian Bushranger Ned Kelly is hanged at Melbourne Gaol.

● 1884: - Birth of Eleanor Roosevelt.

● 1887: - Haymarket martyrs--August Spies, Albert Parsons, Adolph Fischer and George Engel--executed, Chicago. A fifth, 23-year-old Louis Lingg, killed himself in his cell the previous evening. The first labor activists to be executed in America. Prosecutors found no evidence they threw the bomb. 250,000 people line Chicago's streets during Parson's funeral procession.

● 1887 - Construction of the Manchester Ship Canal starts at Eastham.

● 1887: - Italy: Cittadella Colony, a co-operative agricultural association, founded by anarchist Giovanni Rossi (aka Cardias).

● 1889 - Washington is admitted as the 42nd U.S. state.

● 1895: - Birth of Francesco Barbieri, Briattica, Italy. Anarchist militant, fled to Brazil to escape the fascists. Expelled, fled to France, which tried to deport him to Italy. Ends up in Spain, joined the antifascist Italian column fighting in Huesca. Hospitalized in Barcelona, he is arrested by cops under command of the Communists. His body is found full of bullet holes the next day, along with that of Camillo Berneri.

● 1911 - Many cities in the U.S. midwest broke their record highs and lows on the same day as a strong cold front rolls through. (see The 11/11/11 cold wave).

● 1914: - Birth of Howard Fast, screenwriter, radical, publisher, novelist, McCarthy/HUAC victim.

● 1918: - Armistice ending World War I ("the war to end all wars") signed, Compiegne, France. 8.5 million dead, 21 million wounded, 7.5 million prisoners and missing. U.S. forces counted 115,000 dead. The estimated cost of the war was 232 trillion dollars.

● 1918: - Victor Adler, Austrian Social Democratic leader, dies one day before socialists oust Hapsburg dynasty. He is succeeded by Otto Bauer and Frederich Adler.

● 1918 - Fighting in World War I ends: Germany signs an armistice agreement with the Allies in a railroad car outside of Compiègne in France. The fighting officially stops at 11:00.

● 1918 - Józef Piłsudski comes to Warsaw and assumes supreme military power in Poland. Poland regains its independence.

● 1918 - Emperor Charles I of Austria abdicates.

● 1919: - Centralia Massacre of IWW labor organizers. American Legion (armed "patriots") attacks and destroys IWW labor hall, killing five; the upstanding citizens kidnap, torture, castrate, and lynch Wesley Everest, a WWI veteran and IWW organizer.

● 1921 - The Tomb of the Unknowns is dedicated by US President Warren G. Harding at Arlington National Cemetery.

● 1922: - Birth of Novelist Kurt Vonnegut, Jr.

● 1926 - U.S. Route 66 is established.

● 1930 - Patent number US1781541 was awarded to Albert Einstein and Leó Szilárd for their invention, the Einstein refrigerator.

● 1932: - Spain: founding of F.I.J.L (Federation des Jeunesses Ibrique Libertaire).

● 1933: - International Labor Defense (ILD) makes public affidavits quoting more than 500 residents of Morgan County, Alabama, revealing preparations for lynching Scottsboro boys, witnesses, and lawyers.

● 1933: - "Great Black Blizzard" first great dust storm in the Great Plains, in South Dakota, a very strong dust storm strips topsoil from desiccated farmlands.

● 1938 - Kate Smith first sang Irving Berlin's ''God Bless America'' on network radio.

● 1940 - World War II: Battle of Taranto - The Royal Navy launches the first aircraft carrier strike in history, on the Italian fleet at Taranto.

● 1940 - The German cruiser Atlantis captures top secret British mail, and sends it to Japan.

● 1940 - Armistice Day Blizzard: An unexpected blizzard kills 144 in U.S. Midwest.

● 1942: - Birth of Jimi Hendrix, Seattle, Washington.

● 1942: - German troops begin to occupy territory of the Vichy regime, France.

● 1948: - With a one-way ticket James Baldwin, 24, sails for Europe.

● 1953: - Sen. Joseph McCarthy (Neanderthal-WI) calls former President Harry Truman "a liar" and says he "deliberately, knowingly...appointed, promoted, and advanced a Communist" spy.

● 1954 - Pensioners demand more money: Thousands of elderly people take part in a rally in London calling for an increase in their pensions.

● 1956: - Soviets crush armed resistance throughout Hungary, including the industrial suburbs of Budapest, where it lasts longest. Passive resistance begins, a nationwide general strike which lasts five days.

● 1962 - Kuwait's National Assembly ratifies the Constitution of Kuwait.

● 1965 - Rhodesia (now called Zimbabwe) was declared independent by the white minority regime of Ian Smith. (The BBC point of view: Rhodesia breaks from UK
The Rhodesian Government, led by Prime Minister Ian Smith, illegally severs its links with the British Crown.)

● 1966 - The Methodist Church and the Evangelical United Brethren voted to merge into one denomination in the U.S., afterward to be called the United Methodist Church. (The "declaration of union" took place officially on April 23, 1968.)

● 1966 - NASA launches spaceship Gemini 12.

● 1967 - Vietnam War: In a propaganda ceremony in Phnom Penh, Cambodia, three American prisoners of war are released by the Viet Cong and turned over to "new left" antiwar activist Tom Hayden.

● 1967: - Three U.S. POWs returned by North Vietnam. Tom Hayden and 30 Americans had met with North Vietnamese in Czechoslovakia in September. He then went on to North Vietnam and helped effect their release.

● 1968: - John Lennon and Yoko Ono appear nude on cover of "2 Virgins" album.

● 1968 - Vietnam War: Operation Commando Hunt initiated. The goal was to interdict men and supplies on the Ho Chi Minh Trail, through Laos into South Vietnam.

● 1968 - A second republic is declared in the Maldives.

● 1970 - First broadcast of Sesame Street.

● 1972 - Vietnam War: Vietnamization - The United States Army turns over the massive Long Binh military base to South Vietnam, symbolizing the end of direct U.S. military involvement in the Vietnam War.

● 1975 - Australian constitutional crisis of 1975: Australian Governor-General Sir John Kerr dismisses the government of Gough Whitlam and commissions Malcolm Fraser as caretaker Prime Minister, and announces a general election to be held in early December.

● 1975 - Divided Angola gets independence: The southern African state of Angola gains its independence from former colonial power Portugal.

● 1978: - Gay San Francisco city supervisor Harvey Milk and mayor George Moscone are assassinated by ex-supervisor Dan White. White is later convicted of the lightest charge possible in the infamous "Twinkie defense"; defense argued that White was depressed because of over consumption of junk food.

● 1982: - Vietnam Veterans Memorial dedicated in Washington, D.C. The memorial was designed by Maya Ying Lin, a young Asian American woman who, as a Yale undergraduate, submitted the winning entry among more than 1,400 participants. The monument consists of two walls of black, polished granite sliced into a hill side, leaving an impression that the monument is buried. Engraved on the stone are the names of the 58,000 U.S. soldiers who died in Vietnam. Today's dedication ceremony is attended by thousands of veterans, their families and friends. Fittingly, and in character, no representatives of the administrations that conducted the war show up.

● 1986: - 21 arrested on Armistice Day peace march, Krakow, Poland.

● 1987 - Van Gogh fetches record price: A painting by Vincent Van Gogh is sold for $49m (£27m) - a world record for a work of art.

● 1989: - Communist regime surrenders power, Bulgaria.

● 1992 - Church of England votes for women priests: The Church of England's parliament votes by a narrow margin to allow women to be ordained as priests.

● 1993 - A bronze statue honoring the more than 11,000 American women who served in the Vietnam War was dedicated in Washington, D.C.

● 1998 - Israel's Cabinet narrowly ratified a land-for-peace agreement with the Palestinians.

● 1999 - A six-storey apartment block collapses in Foggia, Italy, killing 62.

● 2000 - Republicans went to court, seeking an order to block manual recounts from continuing in Florida's presidential election.

● 2000 - In Kaprun, Austria, 155 skiers and snowboarders, many of them children, die when a cable car catches fire in an alpine tunnel.

● 2004 - New Zealand Tomb of the Unknown Warrior dedicated at the National War Memorial, Wellington

● 2004 - Yasser Arafat is confirmed dead by the Palestine Liberation Organization in Paris at the age of 75, of unidentified causes, bringing to an end more than 40 years of rule over the Palestinian people. Mahmoud Abbas is elected chairman of the PLO minutes later.

BIRTHS

● 1050 - Henry IV, Holy Roman Emperor (d. 1106)

● 1154 - King Sancho I of Portugal (d. 1212)

● 1155 - King Alfonso VIII of Castile (d. 1214)

● 1220 - Alphonse of Toulouse, son of Louis VIII of France (d. 1271)

● 1493 - Paracelsus, German-Swiss physician (d. 1541)

● 1493 - Bernardo Tasso, Italian poet (d. 1569)

● 1599 - Prince Octavio Piccolomini, Duke of Amalfi, Austrian field marshal (d. 1656)

● 1633 - George Savile, 1st Marquess of Halifax, British statesman (d. 1695)

● 1668 - Johann Albert Fabricius, German classical scholar and bibliographer (d. 1736)

● 1733 - Philip John Schuyler, American soldier and politician (d. 1804)

● 1743 - Carl Peter Thunberg, Swedish naturalist (d. 1828)

● 1744 - Abigail Adams, First Lady of the United States (d. 1818)

● 1748 - King Charles IV of Spain (d. 1819)

● 1764 - Barbara Juliana, Baroness von Krüdener, Russian writer (d. 1824)

● 1791 - Josef Munzinger, Swiss Federal Councillor (d. 1855)

● 1792 - Mary Anne Evans, English wife of Benjamin Disraeli (d. 1872)

● 1821 - Fyodor Dostoyevsky, Russian novelist (d. 1881)

● 1828 - Sri Deep Narayan Mahaprabhuji, Hindu saint (d. 1963)

● 1836 - Thomas Bailey Aldrich, American poet and novelist (d. 1907)

● 1852 - Franz Conrad von Hötzendorf, Austro-Hungarian field marshal (d. 1925)

● 1858 - Marie Bashkirtseff, Russian painter (d. 1884)

● 1863 - Paul Signac, French painter (d. 1935)

● 1864 - Alfred Hermann Fried, Austrian pacifist, recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize (d. 1921)

● 1869 - King Victor Emmanuel III of Italy (1900-47) (d. 1947)

● 1872 - Maude Adams, American actress (d. 1953)

● 1882 - King Gustav VI Adolf of Sweden (d. 1973)

● 1883 - Ernest Ansermet, Swiss conductor (d. 1969)

● 1885 - George Smith Patton, Jr., American general and famous World War II American military officer (d. 1945)

● 1887 - Roland Young, American actor (d. 1953)

● 1891 - Rabbit Maranville, baseball player (d. 1954)

● 1896 - Lucky Luciano, Italian-born American gangster (d. 1962)

● 1898 - Rene Clair, French film director (d. 1981)

● 1899 - Pat O'Brien, American film actor (d. 1983)

● 1900 - Halina Konopacka, Polish athlete (d. 1989)

● 1901 - F. Van Wyck Mason, American author (d. 1978)

● 1903(01? NYT) - Sam Spiegel, Austrian-born American film producer (d. 1985)

● 1904 - Alger Hiss, American official accused of Communist affiliation (1948); convicted of perjury (d. 1994)

● 1904 - J. H. C. Whitehead, British mathematician (d. 1960)

● 1909 - Robert Ryan, American actor (d. 1973)

● 1912 - Thomas C. Mann, American diplomat (d. 1999)

● 1914 - Howard Fast, American author (d. 2003)

● 1914 - Henry Wade, American lawyer (d. 2001)

● 1915 - William Proxmire, U.S. Senator (d. 2005)

● 1918 - Stubby Kaye, American comic actor (d. 1997)

● 1919 - Kalle Päätalo, Finnish novelist (d. 2000)

● 1920 - Roy Jenkins, British politician (d. 2003)

● 1921 - Terrell Bell, American politician

● 1922 - Kurt Vonnegut, Jr., American novelist

● 1925 - June Whitfield, British comedienne

● 1925 - Jonathan Winters, American comedian and actor

● 1927 - Mose Allison, Jazz singer-musician

● 1928 - LaVern Baker, American singer (d. 1997)

● 1928 - Carlos Fuentes, Mexican writer

● 1929 - Hans Magnus Enzensberger, German writer

● 1937 - Stephen Lewis, Canadian politician and diplomat

● 1938 - Ants Antson, Estonian speed skater

● 1938 - Haruhiro Yamashita, Japanese gymnast

● 1938 - Narvel Felts, Country singer

● 1939 - Denise Alexander, American actress

● 1940 - Barbara Boxer, U.S. Senator (D-CA)

● 1943 - Doug Frost, Australian swimming coach

● 1944 - Jesse Colin Young, American musician (The Youngbloods)

● 1945 - Daniel Ortega, President of Nicaragua

● 1945 - Vince Martell, Rock musician (Vanilla Fudge)

● 1950 - Mircea Dinescu, Romanian poet

● 1951 - Kim Peek, American megasavant

● 1951 - Marc Summers, American game show host

● 1951 - Fuzzy Zoeller, Golfer

● 1951 - Paul Cowsill, Pop singer-musician (The Cowsills)

● 1953 - Andy Partridge, Rock musician (XTC)

● 1953 - Marshall Crenshaw, American musician

● 1955 - Dave Alvin, Rock singer (The Blasters)

● 1956 - Ian Craig Marsh, Rock musician (Human League)

● 1959 - Lee Haney, American bodybuilder

● 1960 - Peter Parros, American actor

● 1960 - Stanley Tucci, American actor and film director

● 1961 - Corinne Hermès, French singer

● 1962 - Demi Moore, American actress

● 1962 - James Morrison, Australian musician

● 1964 - Judith Edelman, American musician

● 1964 - Calista Flockhart, American actress (''Ally McBeal'')

● 1964 - Philip McKeon, Actor (''Alice'')

● 1964 - Scott Mercado, Rock musician

● 1966 - Alison Doody, Irish actress

● 1967 - Gil de Ferran, Brazilian race car driver

● 1968 - David L Cook, American singer and comedian

● 1969 - Carson Kressley, American television personality (''Queer Eye for the Straight Guy'')

● 1970 - Lee Battersby, Australian author

● 1971 - David DeLuise, Actor

● 1972 - Adam Beach, Actor (''Flags of Our Fathers'')

● 1973 - Jason White, American musician (Green Day)

● 1974 - Leonardo DiCaprio, American actor

● 1974 - Wajahatullah Wasti, Pakistani cricketer

● 1976 - Mike Leon Grosch, German singer

● 1977 - Ben Hollioake, English cricketer (d. 2002)

● 1977 - Maniche, Portuguese footballer

● 1979 - Courtenay Semel, American reality TV star

● 1980 - Willie Parker, American football player

● 1981 - Natalie Glebova, Russian-Canadian beauty queen

● 1981 - Guillaume, Hereditary Grand Duke of Luxembourg

● 1982 - Brittny Gastineau, American socialite

● 1983 - Philipp Lahm, German footballer

● 1983 - Kristal Marshall, American professional wrestler

● 1985 - Kalan Porter, Canadian singer

● 1989 - Reina Tanaka, Japanese singer (Morning Musume, Aa!, Elegies)

DEATHS

● 397 - Martin of Tours, French saint

● 405 - Arsacius, intruding archbishop of Constantinople

● 537 - Pope Silverius, saint

● 1028 - Constantine VIII of the Byzantine Empire (b. 960)

● 1623 - Philippe de Mornay, French writer (b. 1549)

● 1638 - Cornelis Corneliszoon van Haarlem, Dutch painter (b. 1562)

● 1686 - Louis II de Bourbon, Prince de Condé, French general (b. 1621)

● 1686 - Otto von Guericke, German scientist, inventor, and politician (b. 1602)

● 1812 - Platon Levshin, Metropoitan of Moscow (b. 1737)

● 1831 - Nat Turner, American slave rebel (b. 1800)

● 1855 - Søren Kierkegaard, Danish philosopher (b. 1813)

● 1862 - James Madison Porter, American politician (b. 1793)

● 1880 - Ned Kelly, Australian bushranger (hanged)

● 1880 - Lucretia Mott, American feminist and abolitionist (b. 1793)

● 1884 - Alfred Brehm German zoologist (b. 1827)

● 1887 - Haymarket defendants:

● 1887 - George Engel (b. 1836)

● 1887 - Adolph Fischer (b. 1858)

● 1887 - Albert Parsons (b. 1848)

● 1887 - August Spies (b. 1855)

● 1917 - Liliuokalani of Hawaii, Queen of Hawaii (b. 1838)

● 1918 - George Lawrence Price, Canadian soldier, last person to be killed in W.W.I.

● 1931 - Shibusawa Eiichi, Japanese industrialist (b. 1840)

● 1938 - Typhoid Mary, carrier of the typhoid disease (b. 1869)

● 1939 - Jan Opletal, czech student, victim of nazi violence in Prague

● 1945 - Jerome Kern, American composer (b. 1885)

● 1969 - Ernest Ansermet, Swiss conductor (b. 1883)

● 1972 - Berry Oakley, Bass Player and founder, Allman Brothers Band (b. 1948)

● 1973 - David "Stringbean" Akeman, American banjo player (b. 1915)

● 1973 - Artturi Ilmari Virtanen, Finnish chemist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1895)

● 1974 - Alfonso Leng, Chilean composer (b. 1894)

● 1976 - Alexander Calder, American artist (b. 1898)

● 1977 - Greta Keller, Vienna-born cabaret singer and actress (b. 1903)

● 1979 - Dimitri Tiomkin, Ukrainian-born composer (b. 1894)

● 1988 - William Ifor Jones, Welsh Conductor & Organist (b. 1900)

● 1997 - Rodney Milburn, American athlete (b. 1950)

● 1999 - Mary Kay Bergman, American voice actress (b. 1961)

● 1999 - Jacobo Timmerman, Argentine writer and journalist (b. 1923)

● 2004 - Yasser Arafat, Palestinian leader, recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize (b. 1929)

● 2005 - Lord Lichfield, British photographer

● 2005 - Peter Drucker, American management theorist (b. 1909)

● 2005 - Moustapha Akkad, Syrian-American film producer and director. (b. 1930)

HOLIDAYS AND OBSERVANCES

● Roman Catholic Saints
● St. Martin of Tours
● St. Theodore
● St. Athenodorus
● St. Bartholomew of Rossano
● St. Bertuin
● St. Veranus
● St. Theodore of Studites
● St. Cynfran
● St. Joseph Pignatelli
● St. Rhediw
● St. Mennas
● St. Menuas

● Anglican: Martinmas, term day in Scotland (Memorial of St Martin of Tours)

● Lutheran: Commemoration of Síren Kierkegaard, teacher

● Opening of carnival season in Germany ("Karneval"/"Fasching" on 11-11, at 11:11), the Netherlands, and other countries

● Russian Orthodox Christian Menaion Calendar: October 26 (Civil Date: November 11)
● Holy and Glorious Great martyr Demetrius the myrrh gusher of Thessalonica.
● Commemoration of the Great Earthquake at Constantinople in 740 A.D.
● St. Athanasius of Medikion Monastery.
● Martyr Ioasaph, monk of Mt. Athos. disciple of St. Niphon of Constantinople.
● St. Demetrius of Barsabov in Bulgaria.
● St. Theophilus of the Kiev Caves, Bishop of Novgorod.
● St. Anthony, Bishop of Vologda.
● Greek Calendar:
● Martyrs Artemidorus and Basil.
● Martyr Leptina.
● Martyr Glycon.
● Repose of Ignatius the Bulgarian of Mt. Athos. (1927).

● Angola - Independence Day (1975)

● Bhutan : King's Birthday

● Canada : Remembrance Day-Veterans Day, 11th Hr-11th Day-11th Month

● Colombia - Independence of Cartagena, from the Spanish Army in (1811)

● Maldives : Republic Day (1968)

● Poland - Independence Day (1918)

● South Korea - Pepero Day

● United States - Veterans Day (Formerly "Armistice Day")

● Armistice Day in France, French Countries, and Belgium: end of World War I (1918)

● Lacplesis' Day (1919) in Latvia: the official date for commemoration of Latvian soldiers, who had died for the country's freedom.

● Remembrance Day in the Commonwealth of Nations, including United Kingdom, Australia and Canada.

● Rhodesia : Independence Day (1965)

● St Maarten : Concordia Day

● Washington State: Admission Day (1889)

OTHER

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Click on this LINK to see original Wikipedia list with many having links with details.

Additional facts taken from:

On this day in the New York Times

The BBC’s Take on the day

On This Day Website

Geov Parrish's this Day in Radical History, things that happened on this day that you never had to memorize in school.

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