What is Namnesia Antidote?
When a fellow poster, anniefey, made a post at the TV News Lies Board about these two syndromes I was struck by the pervasiveness of this type of thinking when it comes to the occupation of Iraq. The warmongers in the administration and Congress not only suffer from Namnesia but have gone out of their way to spread the infection. When George "War Criminal" Bush talks about not repeating the mistakes of Vietnam, he is stating our error was withdrawing prematurely and leaving only 58,168 known dead Americans. He is determined to "stay the course" indefinitely in Iraq, no matter the cost in human lives and resources. When anniefey made her post it was with two unhappy coincidences; the five-year anniversary of the Iraq invasion and the occasion of the 4,000th American causality. We had once again failed to learn from history and were doomed to repeating the same errors.
Posts on this blog begin on March 23rd. In 2008, this was both Easter and the date of the aforementioned 4,000th causality. The names posted on this blog are from the Vietnam War Memorial Wall as extracted from a now defunct website. Any errors in the extraction are mine and I apologize in advance for them. While a laudable goal would be to have a posting for everyone whose name appears on The Wall, it is just not feasible for a one-man operation. What I will attempt here is to have posted for each day of the year two lists of these names; the first commemorating the date of death and the second celebrating the birth of those who gave their lives. I encourage anyone to post comments on these individuals, when such a comment is posted, I will attempt to create an individual post with more detailed information for that person. This will give family, friends and supporters the chance to collectively honor and remember these fallen service men. I will post these individual posts by birthdates.
The information on this blog will also appear in my This Day in History blog daily posts. I hope this double posting will give some additional exposure to these men and women while aiding in combating Namnesia.
Sister Blogs from A Proud Liberal
Sunday, March 23, 2008
Thursday, March 06, 2008
March 6......
March 6 is the 65th day of the year (66th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. There are 300 days remaining in the year on this date.
Day of the week in surrounding years:
1978,. . . .,1989,1995,2000—MON—2006
1979,1984,1990,. . . .,2001—TUE—2007
. . . .,1985,1991,1996,2002—WED—. . . .
1980,1986,. . . .,1997,2003—THU—2008
1981,1987,1992,1998,. . . .—FRI—2009
1982,. . . .,1993,1999,2004—SAT—2010
1983,1988,1994,. . . .,2005—SUN—2011
PASCAL DATE INFORMATION
Easter Sunday for the Western Christian Church is defined as the first Sunday following the first full moon after the Spring Equinox. Lent is defined as the forty days prior to Easter not including Sundays thus Lent begins on Ash Wednesday, which is 46 days prior to Easter. Calculations for Ash Wednesday and Easter Sunday were performed for the 3774 years from 326 to 4099. For the year range 326 to 1582, dates are based on the Julian calendar. For years 1583 to 4099, dates are based on the Gregorian calendar. Ash Wednesday falls in a range of 36 days from February 4 to March 10. Easter Sunday falls in a range of 35 days from March 22 to April 25. The extra day in the Ash Wednesday range is February 29, which only occurs in leap years. February 29 only effects when Ash Wednesday occurs since it is well before the Spring Equinox and has no effect on the date for Easter Sunday. March 10 to March 21 is a twelve-day range that must occur in Lent no matter the timing of Easter Sunday. The entire range of 82 dates from February 4 to April 25 represents all dates with Pascal ramifications.
March 6 is the 32nd possible date for Ash Wednesday. Ash Wednesday occurs on this date 118 times during the 3774 years calculated and is ranked 19th/20th of the 36 dates.
It occurred on this date previously in the years:
379, 390, 463, 474, 485, 558, 569, 580, 653, 664, 748, 827, 911, 922, 995, 1006, 1017, 1090, 1101, 1112, 1185, 1196, 1280, 1359, 1443, 1454, 1527, 1538, 1549, 1585, 1647, 1658, 1669, 1680, 1715, 1726, 1737, 1867, 1878, 1889, 1935, 1946, 1957
It will occur on this date in the future in the years:
2019, 2030, 2041, 2052, 2109, 2171, 2182, 2193, 2239, 2250, 2261, 2272, 2307, 2318, 2329, 2402, 2413, 2424, 2486, 2497, 2554, 2565, 2576, 2611, 2622, 2633, 2644, 2701, 2763, 2774, 2785, 2796, 2858, 2869, 2880, 2926, 2937, 2948, 3005, 3016, 3078, 3089, 3135, 3146, 3157, 3168, 3230, 3241, 3252, 3309, 3320, 3382, 3393, 3450, 3461, 3472, 3518, 3529, 3540, 3602, 3613, 3624, 3697, 3765, 3776, 3822, 3833, 3844, 3901, 3912, 3974, 3985, 3996, 4069, 4080
Best Liberal Quote of the Day: On Free Speech "Free speech is about as good a cause as the world has ever known." — Heywood Broun
Stupidest and/or Scariest Quote from the Right for the Day: On Compassionate Conservatism "One of the major accomplishments of the last Congress was the end to the Federal entitlement to welfare. And I recognize that there are many skeptics, many doomsayers who wail and lament and beat their chests and say that society, specifically those poor and needy in our communities, that they are doomed . . ." — Rep. Kenny Hulshof (R-MD), Congressional Record, H883, 3-11-97—Part 1 of 2 {Due to the length of some of these nutball quotes, I have decided to split the longer ones into parts. I could have abridged them but I think that would have lessened the impact of showing just how crazy these guys are. Please refer to previous and/or subsequent posts for complete quote.}
Dumbest Thing Said for the Day: From the world of Sports "Jesus Alou is in the on-deck circus." — Jerry Coleman was an infielder for the Yankees (what is it about the Bronx Bombers that turned out such a raft of funny speakers?), and manager of the San Diego Padres. After playing, he made his mark as a radio and TV broadcaster, where his malapropisms, non sequiturs, and other goofs became legendary. Coleman is Hall of Shame member #8.
{Disclaimer: I have attempted to give credit to the many different sources that I get entries. Any failure to do so is unintentional. Any statement enclosed by brackets like these are the opinion of the blogger, A Proud Liberal.}
MOON PHASE
Berkeley, California—Times are Pacific Standard Time (PST)
Mar 6, 2008 2:00 AM Name: Waning Crescent Percent of Full: 2% Age: 95% Rise: 5:58 AM Set: 5:22 PM
Surprise, Arizona—Times are Mountain Standard Time (MST)
Mar 6, 2008 2:00 AM Name: Waning Crescent Percent of Full: 2% Age: 95% Rise: 6:13 AM Set: 5:44 PM
Iowa City, Iowa—Times are Central Standard Time (CST)
Mar 6, 2008 2:00 AM Name: Waning Crescent Percent of Full: 2% Age: 95% Rise: 5:58 AM Set: 5:09 PM
Cambridge, Massachusetts—Times are Eastern Standard Time (EST)
Mar 6, 2008 2:00 AM Name: Waning Crescent Percent of Full: 3% Age: 95% Rise: 5:36 AM Set: 4:42 PM
NASA ASTRONOMY PICTURE OF THE DAY
Vela Supernova Remnant
Credit & Copyright: Robert Gendler
Click picture to go to NASA APOD site for full explanation
EVENTS
● 1079 - Omar Khayyám completes the Iranian calendar.
● 1205 - Aken, [Philips van Zwaben], crowned Roman-Catholic German King
● 1447 - Nicholas V becomes Pope.
● 1454 - Thirteen Years' War: Delegates of the Prussian Confederation pledged allegiance to Casimir IV of Poland, and the Polish king agreed to help in their struggle for independence from the Teutonic Knights.
● 1479 - Treaty of Alcaçovas - Portugal gives the Canary Islands to Castile in exchange for claims in West Africa.
● 1521 - Ferdinand Magellan arrives at Guam.
● 1579 - Veluwe joins Union of Utrecht
● 1590 - Earl Mauritius conquerors Breda "turfschip of Breda"
● 1628 - Emperor Ferdinand II delegates Restitutie-edict
● 1629 - In Germany, the Edict of Restitution ordered that all church property secularized since 1552 be restored to the Roman Catholic Church.
● 1646 - Joseph Jenkes, Massachusetts, receives 1st colonial machine patent
● 1664 - King Louis XIV & Emperor of Brandenburg signs covenant
● 1714 - Peace of Rastatt: French emperor Charles VI of Habsburg
● 1728 - Spain & England sign (1st) Convention of Pardo
● 1735 - English revivalist George Whitefield wrote in a letter: 'The renewal of our natures is a work of great importance. It is not to be done in a day. We have not only a new house to build up, but an old one to pull down.'
● 1759 - English founder of Methodism John Wesley wrote in a letter: 'There is a wonderful mystery in the manner and circumstances of that mighty working, whereby God subdues all things to himself, and leaves nothing in the heart but his pure love alone.'
● 1775 - 1st Negro Mason in US initiated, Boston
● 1788 - The First Fleet arrives at Norfolk Island in order to found a convict settlement.
● 1799 - Napoleon captures Jaffa Palestine
● 1806 - Poet Elizabeth Barrett Browning was born in Durham, England.
● 1810 - Illinois passes 1st state vaccination legislation in US
● 1816 - Jews are expelled from Free city of Lubeck Germany
● 1820 - The Missouri Compromise is signed into law by President James Monroe. The compromise allows Missouri to enter the Union as a slave state, but makes the rest of the northern part of the Louisiana Purchase territory slavery-free.
● 1831 - Edgar Allen Poe removed from West Point military academy
● 1834 - York, Upper Canada is incorporated as Toronto with William Lyon Mackenzie as its 1st mayor.
● 1836 - HMS Beagle/Darwin reaches King George's Sound, Australia
● 1836 - Texas Revolution: Battle of the Alamo - After a 13-day siege by an army of 3,000 Mexican troops, the 189 Texas volunteers defending the Alamo are defeated and the fort taken. The other side of the coin -- Mexican troops defend their country's abolitionist constitution, defeat foreign slaveholders. San Antonio, Texas. Remember the Alamo.
● 1854 - At the Washington Monument, several men stole the Pope's Stone from the lapidarium.
● 1856 - The University of Maryland, College Park is chartered as the Maryland Agricultural College.
● 1857 - Dred Scott decision by U.S. Supreme Court opens federal territory to slavery and denies citizenship to blacks, ruling that blacks are not entitled to protection under the law. The "unhappy Black Race," wrote Chief Justice Roger Brooke Taney in his opinion, had never possessed "rights which the white man was bound to respect."
● 1861 - Provisionary Confederate Congress establishes Confederate Army
● 1862 - Battle of Pea Ridge AR (Elkhorn Tavern)
● 1865 - Battle of Natural Bridge, Florida
● 1865 - President Lincoln's 2nd Inaugural Ball
● 1869 - Dmitri Mendeleev presents the first periodic table to the Russian Chemical Society.
● 1870 - Birth of Eugene Humbert, French anarchist militant, Metz. Militant libertarian, pacifist, neo-Malthusian. Killed in prison during WWII Allied bombing, the day before his release.
● 1882 - Monarch Milan Obrenovic of Serbia crowns himself king
● 1884 - Susan B. Anthony and more than 100 other suffragists present President Chester Arthur with a demand that he support women's right to vote. They failed, but the two women's suffrage groups -- the National Woman Suffrage Association and the American Woman Suffrage Association -- soon merged and worked for the next 36 years toward passage of the 19th Amendment, in 1920.
● 1885 - Ring Lardner, the American writer and satirist, was born.
● 1886 - 1st US alternating current power plant starts, Great Barrington MA
● 1899 - Bayer registers aspirin as a trademark.
● 1900 - A coal mine explosion in West Virginia traps 50 coal miners.
● 1901 - In Bremen an assassin attempts to kill Wilhelm II of Germany.
● 1902 - Census Bureau forms
● 1906 - Heavy storm bursts dike flooding Vlissingen, Netherlands
● 1906 - Nora Blatch becomes 1st woman elected to American Society of Civil Engineers
● 1907 - British creditors of the Dominican Republic claimed that the U.S. had failed to collect debts.
● 1913 - Joe Hill's song "There is Power in a Union" first appears in the IWW's "Little Red Song Book."
● 1915 - Greek King Constantine I fires premier Venizelos
● 1918 - US naval collier "Cyclops" disappears in Bermuda Triangle
● 1919 - Death of Julia H. Johnston, 70, American Presbyterian Sunday School leader. She penned about 500 hymns during her lifetime, one of which is still sung today: "Grace Greater Than Our Sin" (a.k.a. "Marvelous Grace of our Loving Lord").
● 1921 - Kamenev and "Snowball" (Trotsky) issue ultimatum to rebelling soldiers and sailors in Kronstadt.
● 1921 - Police in Sunbury PA issue an edict requiring Women to wear skirts at least 4 inches below the knee {As if they had the power to do so! Idiots!!}
● 1921 - The Portuguese Communist Party is founded as the Portuguese Section of the Communist International.
● 1924 - British Labour government cuts military budget
● 1925 - Belgium annexes Eupen, Malmedy, and Sankt Vith.
● 1925 - Pionerskaya Pravda, one of the oldest children's newspapers in Europe, is founded.
● 1928 - A Communist attack on Peking, China resulted in 3,000 dead and 50,000 fled to Swatow.
● 1929 - Turkey & Bulgaria sign friendship treaty
● 1930 - A National Trade-Union Unity League council in Madison, Wis., marches around the Capitol Square. During the march, a crowd of Univ. of Wisconsin students attack council leader Lottie Blumenthal, throwing her to the ground, manhandling other demonstrators, and destroying banners and pamphlets. Police arrest five university athletes who led the attack. One of the arrested athletes says (quote) - "We are getting so damned many radical Jews here that something must be done."
● 1930 - Brooklyn's Clarence Birdseye develops a method for quick freezing food
● 1930 - Demonstrations by unemployed workers demanding unemployment insurance occur in virtually every major city in the country. Police attacked a crowd of 35,000 in New York City -- others estimated 100,000 attendees -- and 10,000 people engaged in a melee with police in Cleveland. Republican congressman Hamilton Fish, with the support of the American Federation of Labor (AFL), also introduces a measure in Congress to create a committee to investigate radical activities. This is the beginning of the House Un-American Activities Committee (HUAC).
● 1933 - Death of Amos R. Wells, 71, pioneer U.S. Christian educator. From 1901 until his death, he was editor of "Peloubet's Notes for the International Sunday School Lessons."
● 1933 - Poland occupies free city Danzig (Gdansk)
● 1933 - Pres. Roosevelt closes all U.S. banks. Alas, they reopened.
● 1935 - Retired Supreme Court Justice Oliver Wendell Holmes Jr. died two days shy of his 94th birthday.
● 1936 - Belgium ends Locarno-pact
● 1939 - In Spain, Jose Miaja took over the Madrid government after a military coup and vowed to seek "peace with honor."
● 1940 - 1st US telecast from an airplane, New York NY
● 1940 - Winter War: An armistice is signed by Finland and the Soviet Union.
● 1943 - Battle at Medenine, North-Africa; Rommels assault attack
● 1943 - Sukarno asks for cooperation with Japanese occupiers
● 1944 - USAF begins daylight bombing of Berlin
● 1945 - 117 SD-prisoners executed at Savage Farm
● 1945 - A communist-dominated government under Petru Groza assumes power in Romania.
● 1945 - Assassination attempt on Höhere, SS Police führer Rauter
● 1945 - Chinese 38th division occupies Lashio
● 1945 - Erich Honnecker & Erich Hanke flee Nazis
● 1946 - Vietnam War: Ho Chi Minh signs an agreement with France which recognizes Vietnam as an autonomous state in the Indochinese Federation and the French Union.
● 1947 - The U.S. Supreme Court upheld the contempt conviction of John L. Lewis.
● 1947 - Winston Churchill announced that he opposed British troop withdrawals from India.
● 1947 - XB-45, 1st US 4-engine jet bomber, makes 1st test flight, Muroc CA
● 1948 - USS Newport News, the first air-conditioned naval ship, is launched from Newport News, Virginia.
● 1951 - Belgium extends conscription to 24 months
● 1951 - The trial of Ethel and Julius Rosenberg begins.
● 1953 - Georgy Maksimilianovich Malenkov succeeds Josef Stalin as Premier and First Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union.
● 1956 - West Germany amends constitution to permit military conscription.
● 1957 - Israel withdraws its troops from the Sinai Peninsula.
● 1957 - United Kingdom colonies Gold Coast and British Togoland become the independent Republic of Ghana.
● 1959 - Farthest radio signal heard (Pioneer IV, 400,000 miles)
● 1960 - President Sukarno disbands Indonesia's parliament
● 1960 - Switzerland granted women the right to vote in municipal elections.
● 1960 - The United States announced that it would send 3,500 troops to Vietnam. {All Repugs note, this was during the Eisenhower Administration.}
● 1961 - 1st London minicabs introduced
● 1961 - 'Ukulele king' Formby dies; One of Britain's most popular entertainers, George Formby, has died after suffering a heart attack.
● 1962 - US performs nuclear test at Nevada Test Site
● 1962 - US promise Thailand assistance against communist aggression
● 1964 - Constantine II becomes King of Greece succeeding Paul I.
● 1964 - Prophet Elijah Muhammad officially gives Cassius Clay the name Muhammad Ali meaning "beloved of Allah". {Ali has since left the Black Moslem movement and follows a more traditional form of the religion.}
● 1964 - Protest against Sheraton Palace Hotel's discrimination in hiring, San Francisco.
● 1965 - 1st nonstop helicopter crossing of North America, JR Willford
● 1965 - First American soldier "officially" sets foot on battlefield in Vietnam.
● 1967 - Stalin's daughter Svetlana Allilujeva asks for political asylum in US
● 1967 - U.S. President Lyndon B. Johnson announced his plan to establish a draft lottery.
● 1969 - Nine thousand march at University of Washington to protest Vietnam War.
● 1970 - Cult leader and suspected murderer Charles Manson releases an album titled Lies: The Love & Terror Cult to help finance his defense.
● 1970 - Police respond violently to a peaceful student protest at Roosevelt High in East Los Angeles, arresting 37 students; many other students are injured.
● 1970 - Rabies ban on British pet imports; The British Government announces an indefinite ban on the importation of domestic pets.
● 1970 - Three Weathermen blow themselves up in Greenwich Village (house of Cathy Wilkerson's father) - Diana Oughton, Cathlyn Wilkerson, Kathy Boudin.
● 1971 - First annual meeting of Nebraskans for Peace.
● 1971 - First national women's liberation demonstration held in Britain.
● 1972 - Supreme Court rules that Squamish tribal courts do not have jurisdiction over crimes committed by non-Indians on reservations, a major blow to protection of inherent sovereignty.
● 1972 - Wildcat strike at Lordstown, Ohio GM plant where workers were not expected to resist work discipline (according to company calculations). The company and the union got a big surprise.
● 1973 - Former Equity Funding Corporation official accuses the company of perpetuating a $120 million swindle involving 60,000 fictitious life insurance policies.
● 1973 - U.S. President Richard Nixon imposed price controls on oil and gas.
● 1974 - Miners' strike comes to an end; UK coal workers bring an end to a 16 week dispute following a pay increase of over 30%.
● 1975 - Algiers Accord: Iran and Iraq announce a settlement over their border dispute.
● 1975 - Nonviolent march demanding the return of democracy, Delhi, India.
● 1978 - Hustler publisher Larry Flynt shot & crippled by a sniper in Georgia
● 1980 - French Academy, founded in 1635, elects it 1st woman novelist (Marguerita Youcenar)
● 1980 - Islamic militants in Tehran said that they would turn over American hostages to the Revolutionary Council. {Eventually the Council would make a deal with candidate Reagan that would release the hostages after his inauguration. Only the first of his many impeachable offenses.}
● 1981 - France performs nuclear test at Muruora Island
● 1981 - Soyuz 39 returns to Earth
● 1981 - U.S. President Reagan announced a plan to cut 37,000 federal jobs.
● 1981 - Walter Cronkite appeared on his last episode of "CBS Evening News with Walter Cronkite." He had been on the job 19 years.
● 1982 - Libertarian cult hero Ayn Rand, 77, author of "The Fountainhead" and "Atlas Shrugged," dies in New York.
● 1982 - U.N. University for Peace founded. San Jose, Costa Rica.
● 1983 - A woman in New Bedford, Mass., reported being gang-raped atop a pool table in a tavern; four men were later convicted.
● 1984 - One-year coal strike begins in England. In the end, Thatcher wins.
● 1985 - Mexican authorities find body of US drug agent Enrique C Salaazar
● 1986 - USSR's Vega 1 flies by Halley's Comet at 8,889 km
● 1987 - 6.8 earthquake hits Ecuador, kills 100
● 1987 - The British ferry M/S Herald of Free Enterprise capsizes in about 90 seconds after leaving the harbour of Zeebrugge, Belgium en route to Dover, England across the English Channel, killing 193.
● 1988 - 3 IRA suspects were shot dead in Gibraltar by SAS officers
● 1988 - Students at Gallaudet University go on strike in favor of the selection of a deaf university president. The protest is called Deaf President Now.
● 1990 - In Afghanistan, an attempted coup to remove President Najibullah from office failed.
● 1990 - SR-71 sets a transcontinental record, flying 2,404 miles in 1:08:17
● 1990 - The Russian Parliament passed a law that sanctioned the ownership of private property.
● 1991 - Following Iraq's capitulation in the Persian Gulf conflict, President Bush told Congress that "aggression is defeated; The war is over"
● 1991 - In Paris, five men were jailed for plotting to smuggle Libyan arms to the Irish Republican Army.
● 1992 - Founding of the Council of the Baltic Sea States.
● 1992 - The Michelangelo computer virus begins to affect computers.
● 1993 - Angolans die in battle for Huambo; Hundreds of people are reported to have died in clashes between the rebel Unita movement and Angolan government forces in the central town of Huambo.
● 1994 - Referendum in Moldova results in the electorate voting against possible reunification with Romania.
● 1996 - Hundreds demonstrate for an end to all violence, Palestine.
● 1997 - Britain's Queen Elizabeth II launched the first official royal Web site.
● 1997 - Picasso's painting Tête de Femme is stolen from a London gallery, and is recovered a week later.
● 1998 - 1st time the British flag is flown over Buckingham Palace
● 1998 - A Connecticut state lottery accountant gunned down three supervisors and the lottery chief before killing himself.
● 2000 - Three white New York police officers were convicted of a cover-up in a police station attack on Haitian immigrant Abner Louima.
● 2002 - Haida nation initiates lawsuit against British Columbia and federal Canadian governments, demanding aboriginal rights not only to their land, but the maritime resources throughout their native Queen Charlottte Islands.
● 2006 - Gov. Mike Rounds signed legislation banning most abortions in South Dakota. (The ban was rejected by the state's voters in November).
● 2007 - Former White House aide I. Lewis Libby, Jr. was found guilty on four of five counts of perjury and obstruction of justice trial. {The War Chimp would commute his prison sentence and Scooter would not spend a single day in jail.}
BIRTHS
● 1340 - John of Gaunt, 1st Duke of Lancaster (d. 1399)
● 1405 - King John II of Castile (1406-54) (d. 1454)
● 1459 - Jacob Fugger, German banker (d. 1525)
● 1475 - Michelangelo, Italian artist (d. 1564)
● 1483 - Francesco Guicciardini, Italian statesman and historian (d. 1540)
● 1495 - Luigi Alamanni, Italian poet (d. 1556)
● 1619 - Cyrano de Bergerac, French soldier, poet (d. 1655)
● 1663 - Francis Atterbury, British man of letters (d. 1732)
● 1706 - George Pocock, British admiral (d. 1792)
● 1716 - Pehr Kalm, Swedish explorer and naturalist (d. 1779)
● 1724 - Henry Laurens, American President of Continental Congress (1777-78) (d. 1792)
● 1761 - Antoine-Francois Andreossy, French General (d. 1828)
● 1779 - Antoine-Henri Jomini, French general (d. 1869)
● 1787 - Joseph von Fraunhofer, German physicist (d. 1826)
● 1806 - Elizabeth Barrett Browning, British poet (d. 1861)
● 1812 - Aaron Lufkin Dennison American watch manufacturer (d. 1895)
● 1817 - Princess Clémentine of Orléans (d. 1907)
● 1818 - William Claflin, 27th Governor of Massachusetts (d. 1905)
● 1831 - Philip Sheridan, American Civil War Union cavalry officer (d. 1888)
● 1834 - George du Maurier British illustrator and writer (d. 1896)
● 1844 - Nikolay Rimsky-Korsakov, Russian composer and editor (d. 1908)
● 1870 - Oscar Straus, Viennese operetta composer (d. 1954)
● 1882 - F. Burrall Hoffman, American architect (d. 1980)
● 1885 - Ring Lardner, American writer (d. 1933)
● 1899 - Furry Lewis, American blues guitarist (d. 1981)
● 1903 - Empress Kōjun of Japan (d. 2000)
● 1904 - José Antonio Aguirre, Basque politician (d. 1960)
● 1904 - Joseph Schmidt, Austrian tenor (d. 1942)
● 1905 - Bob Wills, American singer (d. 1975)
● 1906 - Lou Costello, American actor comedian (d. 1959)
● 1914 - Kiril Kondrashin, Russian conductor (d. 1981)
● 1915 - Pete Gray, American baseball player (d. 2002)
● 1915 - Syedna Mohammed Burhanuddin, Bohra spiritual leader
● 1917 - Frankie Howerd, English comedian (d. 1992)
● 1917 - Will Eisner, American illustrator and cartoonist (d. 2005)
● 1919 - Maurice Grosse, British paranormal investigator (d. 2006)
● 1923 - Ed McMahon, American television personality (''The Tonight Show,'' ''Star Search'')
● 1924 - William Webster, Former FBI and CIA director
● 1925 - Wes Montgomery, American musician (d. 1968)
● 1926 - Alan Greenspan, American economist
● 1926 - Andrzej Wajda, Polish film director
● 1927 - Gabriel García Márquez, Colombian writer, Nobel Prize laureate
● 1927 - Gordon Cooper, astronaut (d. 2004)
● 1927 - Norman Treigle, American bass-baritone (d. 1975)
● 1930 - Lorin Maazel, French-born American conductor
● 1931 - Hal Needham, American stuntman
● 1933 - Ted Abernathy, American baseball player (d. 2004)
● 1934 - John Noakes, British television presenter
● 1935 - Ron Delany, Irish athlete
● 1936 - Bob Akin, American industrialist and race car driver (d. 2002)
● 1936 - Jean Boht, English actress
● 1936 - Marion Barry Jr., American politician
● 1937 - Doug Dillard, Country singer
● 1937 - Ivan Boesky, American stock trader
● 1937 - Valentina Tereshkova, cosmonaut
● 1939 - Adam Osborne, British author and computer designer (d. 2003)
● 1939 - Christopher Bond, U.S. senator, R-MO
● 1939 - Cookie Rojas, baseball player
● 1939 - Infanta Margarita of Spain, duchess of Soria
● 1940 - Joanna Miles, Actress
● 1940 - Willie Stargell, baseball player (d. 2001)
● 1942 - Ben Murphy, American actor
● 1944 - Kiri Te Kanawa, New Zealand singer
● 1944 - Mary Wilson, American singer (Supremes)
● 1945 - Hugh Grundy, Rock musician (The Zombies)
● 1946 - David Gilmour, British musician (Pink Floyd)
● 1947 - Dick Fosbury, American athlete
● 1947 - Kiki Dee, British singer
● 1947 - Martin Kove, American actor
● 1947 - Rob Reiner, American actor, comedian, and film producer
● 1947 - Teru Miyamoto, Japanese author
● 1948 - Anna Maria Horsford, American actress
● 1949 - Martin Buchan, Scottish footballer
● 1949 - Shaukat Aziz, Prime Minister of Pakistan
● 1951 - Gerrie Knetemann, Dutch cyclist (d. 2004)
● 1953 - Jacklyn Zeman, American actress
● 1953 - Jan Kjærstad, Norwegian author
● 1955 - Alberta Watson, Canadian actress
● 1958 - Eddie Deezen, American actor
● 1959 - Saul Anuzis, American politician
● 1959 - Tom Arnold, American actor and comedian
● 1962 - Valerie French, American animatronics art director
● 1963 - D.L. Hughley, American comedian and actor
● 1964 - Madonna Wayne Gacy, American musician
● 1964 - Skip Ewing, Country songwriter
● 1964 - Yvette Wilson, Actress
● 1966 - Alan Davies, British comedian and actor
● 1967 - Shuler Hensley, Actor
● 1968 - Connie Britton, Actress ("Spin City," "24," "Friday Night Lights")
● 1968 - Michael Romeo, American musician
● 1968 - Moira Kelly, American actress
● 1969 - Amy Pietz, Actress
● 1969 - Andrea Elson, American actress
● 1969 - Greg Scott, British TV personality
● 1969 - Tari Phillips, American basketball player
● 1970 - Shane Brolly, British actor
● 1971 - Darrick Martin, American basketball player
● 1971 - Sean Morley, American professional wrestler
● 1972 - Shaquille O'Neal, American basketball player
● 1972 - Terry Murphy, Northern Irish snooker player
● 1973 - Michael Finley, American basketball player
● 1973 - Trent Willmon, Country singer
● 1974 - Beanie Sigel, Rapper
● 1974 - Sebastian Siegel, British-American actor
● 1974 - Shan Farmer, Country musician (Ricochet)
● 1975 - Aracely Arambula, Mexican actress and singer
● 1976 - Ken Anderson, American professional wrestler
● 1977 - Bubba Sparxxx, Rapper
● 1977 - Giorgos Karagounis, Greek footballer
● 1977 - Marcus Thames, American baseball player
● 1978 - Sage Rosenfels, American Football Player
● 1979 - David Flair, American professional wrestler
● 1979 - Erik Bedard, Canadian baseball player
● 1979 - Ryan Nyquist, American BMX rider
● 1979 - Tim Howard, American soccer player
● 1980 - Ross Mawhinney, British-born Italian radio DJ
● 1981 - Ellen Muth, American actress
● 1983 - Andranik Teymourian, Iranian footballer
● 1984 - Becky, Japanese-British entertainer
● 1985 - Albert Reed, American model
● 1986 - Eli Marienthal, American actor
● 1986 - Jimmy Galeota, Actor
● 1992 - Momoko Tsugunaga, Japanese singer
● 1996 - Savanah Stehlin, American actress
DEATHS
● 766 - Chrodegang of Metz, Frankish bishop of Metz
● 1252 - Saint Rose of Viterbo, Italian saint (b. 1235)
● 1490 - Ivan the Young, Ruler of Tver (b. 1458)
● 1531 - Pedrarias Dávila, Spanish conquistador
● 1627 - Krzysztof Zbaraski, Polish statesman (b. 1580)
● 1754 - Henry Pelham, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (b. 1694)
● 1758 - Henry Vane, 1st Earl of Darlington, English politician (b. 1705)
● 1764 - Philip Yorke, 1st Earl of Hardwicke, Lord Chancellor of England (b. 1690)
● 1796 - Guillaume Thomas François Raynal, French writer (b. 1713)
● 1836 - Davy Crockett, American frontiersman (b. 1786) {Killed defending the Alamo}
● 1836 - James Butler Bonham, American lawyer from South Carolina and soldier (b. 1807) {Killed defending the Alamo}
● 1836 - Jim Bowie, American pioneer and soldier (b. 1796) {Killed defending the Alamo}
● 1836 - William Barret Travis, American lawyer from South Carolina and soldier (b. 1809) {Killed defending the Alamo}
● 1842 - Constanze Mozart, wife of W.A. Mozart (b. 1763)
● 1854 - Charles William Vane, 3rd Marquess of Londonderry, British soldier and politician (b. 1778)
● 1860 - Justus Johann Friedrich Dotzauer, German cellist and composer (b. 1783)
● 1866 - William Whewell, English scientist, philosopher, and historian of science (b. 1794)
● 1881 - Horatia Nelson, the illegitimate daughter of Emma Hamilton and Horatio Nelson (b. 1801)
● 1888 - Louisa May Alcott, American novelist (b. 1832)
● 1895 - Camilla Collett, Norwegian writer and feminist (b. 1813)
● 1899 - Victoria Kaiulani, Hawaiian princess (b. 1875)
● 1900 - Gottlieb Daimler, German engineer and industrialist (b. 1834)
● 1905 - John Henninger Reagan, American Confederate politician (b. 1818)
● 1932 - John Philip Sousa, American band leader, conductor, and composer (b. 1854)
● 1933 - Anton Cermak, Mayor of Chicago (b. 1873)
● 1935 - Fridolf Rhudin Swedish actor and comedian (b. 1895)
● 1939 - Ferdinand von Lindemann, German mathematician (b. 1852)
● 1941 - Gutzon Borglum, Danish sculptor (b. 1867)
● 1948 - Ross Lockridge, Jr., American novelist (b. 1914)
● 1950 - Albert Lebrun, President of France (b. 1871)
● 1951 - Ivor Novello, Welsh actor, musician, and composer (b. 1893)
● 1951 - Volodymyr Vynnychenko, Ukrainian politician and statesman (b. 1880)
● 1952 - Jürgen Stroop, Nazi SS-leader (executed) (b. 1895)
● 1961 - George Formby, British comedian and singer (b. 1904)
● 1964 - King Paul of Greece (b. 1901)
● 1965 - Margaret Dumont, American actress (b. 1889)
● 1967 - John Haden Badley, English author and educator (b. 1865)
● 1967 - Nelson Eddy, American singer and actor (b. 1901)
● 1967 - Zoltán Kodály, Hungarian composer (b. 1882)
● 1969 - Nadya Rusheva, Russian painter (b. 1952)
● 1970 - William Hopper, American actor (b. 1915)
● 1971 - Thurston Dart, English harpsichordist and conductor (b. 1921)
● 1973 - Pearl S. Buck, American writer, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1892)
● 1976 - Max 'Slapsie Maxie' Rosenbloom, American boxer and actor (b. 1903)
● 1981 - George Geary, English cricketer (b. 1893)
● 1982 - Ayn Rand, Russian-American author (b. 1905)
● 1985 - Henry Wilcoxon, Dominican actor (b. 1905)
● 1986 - Georgia O'Keeffe, American artist (b. 1887)
● 1993 - Douglas Marland, American writer (b. 1935)
● 1994 - Melina Mercouri, Greek actress, political activist, and politician (b. 1920)
● 1997 - Cheddi Jagan, President of Guyana (b. 1918)
● 1997 - Michael Manley, Prime Minister of Jamaica (b. 1924)
● 1998 - Frank Barrett, American baseball player (b. 1913)
● 1999 - Dennis Viollet, former footballer (b. 1933)
● 1999 - Isa ibn Salman Al Khalifah, emir of Bahrain (b. 1933)
● 2000 - John Colicos, Canadian actor (b. 1928)
● 2001 - Kim Walker, American actress (b. 1968)
● 2002 - Bryan Fogarty, Canadian ice hockey player (b. 1969)
● 2003 - John Sanford, American author (b. 1904)
● 2004 - Frances Dee, American actress (b. 1909)
● 2004 - Ray Fernandez, American professional wrestler (b. 1957)
● 2005 - Danny Gardella, American baseball player (b. 1920)
● 2005 - Hans Bethe, German-born physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1906)
● 2005 - Teresa Wright, American actress (b. 1918)
● 2005 - Tommy Vance, British radio disc jockey (b. 1943)
● 2006 - Dana Reeve, American actress, wife of Christopher Reeve (b. 1961)
● 2006 - King Floyd, American musician (b. 1945)
● 2006 - Kirby Puckett, American baseball player (b. 1960)
● 2007 - Allen Coage (aka "Bad News Brown"), American professional wrestler and judoka (b. 1943)
● 2007 - Ernest Gallo, American winemaker (b. 1909)
● 2007 - Jean Baudrillard, French cultural theorist, philosopher, political commentator and photographer (b. 1929)
● 2007 - Kevin Megeney, Canadian Solider (b. 1982)
HOLIDAYS AND OBSERVANCES
● Roman Catholic:
● St. Baldred
● St. Balther
● St. Basil
● St. Bilfrid
● St. Cadroe
● St. Chrodegang
● St. Colette aka St. Coleta of Ghent
● St. Conon
● St. Evagrius
● St. Fridolin
● Sts. Kyneburga, Kyneswide, & Tibba
● St. Marcian
● St. Olegarius
● Russian Orthodox Christian Menaion Calendar for February 23 (Civil Date: March 6)
● Hieromartyr Polycarp, Bishop of Smyrna.
● Saints John, Antioch, Antoninus, Moses, Zebinas, Polychronius, Moses and Damian, ascetics of the Syrian deserts.
● St. Alexander, founder of the Order of the Unsleeping Ones.
● St. Gorgonia, sister of St. Gregory the Theologian.
● St. Damian of Esphigmenou Skete on Mt. Athos.
● St. Moses, monk of Byelozersk.
● St. Polycarp, monk of Briansk.
● New-Martyr Damian, monk of Mt. Athos, who suffered at Larissa.
● Greek Calendar:
● Martyr Clement.
● Martyr Thea.
● Repose of Abbot Nazarius of Valaam (1809).
● Old Roman Catholic:
● Feast of Sts. Perpetua & Felicitas, martyrs (now 3/7)
● Panamá : Jesus Nazarene of Atalaya
● Ghana - Independence Day (from Britain, 1957)
● Guam - Magellan Day/Discovery Day (1521)
● Texas - Alamo Day
● US - Stoneware Pottery Appreciation Day
THIS IS AN ABBREVIATED POST FOR THIS DATE USING ONLY THE FOLLOWING EIGHT SOURCES. A COMPLETE POST IS PLANNED AS SOON AS TIME ALLOWS.
This Previous Day in History Post With
This Original Wikipedia List form the core of this post.
Additional facts taken from:
Information on Geov Parrish's this Day in Radical History, things that happened on this day that you never had to memorize in school.
Roman Catholic Saint of the Day
Russian Orthodox Christian Menaion Calendar
Liberal Quotes of the Day taken from The Best Liberal Quotes Ever: Why the Left Is Right Compiled by William P. Martin ©2004
Quotes from the Right of the Day taken from Take Them at Their Words: Startling, Amusing and Baffling Quotations from the GOP and Their Friends, 1994-2004 Compiled by Bruce J. Miller with Diana Maio ©2004
Dumbest Thing Said for the Day taken from 1001 Dumbest Things Ever Said Edited by Steven D. Price ©2004
Permanent Backlink to Post
Day of the week in surrounding years:
1978,. . . .,1989,1995,2000—MON—2006
1979,1984,1990,. . . .,2001—TUE—2007
. . . .,1985,1991,1996,2002—WED—. . . .
1980,1986,. . . .,1997,2003—THU—2008
1981,1987,1992,1998,. . . .—FRI—2009
1982,. . . .,1993,1999,2004—SAT—2010
1983,1988,1994,. . . .,2005—SUN—2011
PASCAL DATE INFORMATION
Easter Sunday for the Western Christian Church is defined as the first Sunday following the first full moon after the Spring Equinox. Lent is defined as the forty days prior to Easter not including Sundays thus Lent begins on Ash Wednesday, which is 46 days prior to Easter. Calculations for Ash Wednesday and Easter Sunday were performed for the 3774 years from 326 to 4099. For the year range 326 to 1582, dates are based on the Julian calendar. For years 1583 to 4099, dates are based on the Gregorian calendar. Ash Wednesday falls in a range of 36 days from February 4 to March 10. Easter Sunday falls in a range of 35 days from March 22 to April 25. The extra day in the Ash Wednesday range is February 29, which only occurs in leap years. February 29 only effects when Ash Wednesday occurs since it is well before the Spring Equinox and has no effect on the date for Easter Sunday. March 10 to March 21 is a twelve-day range that must occur in Lent no matter the timing of Easter Sunday. The entire range of 82 dates from February 4 to April 25 represents all dates with Pascal ramifications.
March 6 is the 32nd possible date for Ash Wednesday. Ash Wednesday occurs on this date 118 times during the 3774 years calculated and is ranked 19th/20th of the 36 dates.
It occurred on this date previously in the years:
379, 390, 463, 474, 485, 558, 569, 580, 653, 664, 748, 827, 911, 922, 995, 1006, 1017, 1090, 1101, 1112, 1185, 1196, 1280, 1359, 1443, 1454, 1527, 1538, 1549, 1585, 1647, 1658, 1669, 1680, 1715, 1726, 1737, 1867, 1878, 1889, 1935, 1946, 1957
It will occur on this date in the future in the years:
2019, 2030, 2041, 2052, 2109, 2171, 2182, 2193, 2239, 2250, 2261, 2272, 2307, 2318, 2329, 2402, 2413, 2424, 2486, 2497, 2554, 2565, 2576, 2611, 2622, 2633, 2644, 2701, 2763, 2774, 2785, 2796, 2858, 2869, 2880, 2926, 2937, 2948, 3005, 3016, 3078, 3089, 3135, 3146, 3157, 3168, 3230, 3241, 3252, 3309, 3320, 3382, 3393, 3450, 3461, 3472, 3518, 3529, 3540, 3602, 3613, 3624, 3697, 3765, 3776, 3822, 3833, 3844, 3901, 3912, 3974, 3985, 3996, 4069, 4080
Best Liberal Quote of the Day: On Free Speech "Free speech is about as good a cause as the world has ever known." — Heywood Broun
Stupidest and/or Scariest Quote from the Right for the Day: On Compassionate Conservatism "One of the major accomplishments of the last Congress was the end to the Federal entitlement to welfare. And I recognize that there are many skeptics, many doomsayers who wail and lament and beat their chests and say that society, specifically those poor and needy in our communities, that they are doomed . . ." — Rep. Kenny Hulshof (R-MD), Congressional Record, H883, 3-11-97—Part 1 of 2 {Due to the length of some of these nutball quotes, I have decided to split the longer ones into parts. I could have abridged them but I think that would have lessened the impact of showing just how crazy these guys are. Please refer to previous and/or subsequent posts for complete quote.}
Dumbest Thing Said for the Day: From the world of Sports "Jesus Alou is in the on-deck circus." — Jerry Coleman was an infielder for the Yankees (what is it about the Bronx Bombers that turned out such a raft of funny speakers?), and manager of the San Diego Padres. After playing, he made his mark as a radio and TV broadcaster, where his malapropisms, non sequiturs, and other goofs became legendary. Coleman is Hall of Shame member #8.
{Disclaimer: I have attempted to give credit to the many different sources that I get entries. Any failure to do so is unintentional. Any statement enclosed by brackets like these are the opinion of the blogger, A Proud Liberal.}
MOON PHASE
Berkeley, California—Times are Pacific Standard Time (PST)
Mar 6, 2008 2:00 AM Name: Waning Crescent Percent of Full: 2% Age: 95% Rise: 5:58 AM Set: 5:22 PM
Surprise, Arizona—Times are Mountain Standard Time (MST)
Mar 6, 2008 2:00 AM Name: Waning Crescent Percent of Full: 2% Age: 95% Rise: 6:13 AM Set: 5:44 PM
Iowa City, Iowa—Times are Central Standard Time (CST)
Mar 6, 2008 2:00 AM Name: Waning Crescent Percent of Full: 2% Age: 95% Rise: 5:58 AM Set: 5:09 PM
Cambridge, Massachusetts—Times are Eastern Standard Time (EST)
Mar 6, 2008 2:00 AM Name: Waning Crescent Percent of Full: 3% Age: 95% Rise: 5:36 AM Set: 4:42 PM
NASA ASTRONOMY PICTURE OF THE DAY
Vela Supernova Remnant
Credit & Copyright: Robert Gendler
Click picture to go to NASA APOD site for full explanation
EVENTS
● 1079 - Omar Khayyám completes the Iranian calendar.
● 1205 - Aken, [Philips van Zwaben], crowned Roman-Catholic German King
● 1447 - Nicholas V becomes Pope.
● 1454 - Thirteen Years' War: Delegates of the Prussian Confederation pledged allegiance to Casimir IV of Poland, and the Polish king agreed to help in their struggle for independence from the Teutonic Knights.
● 1479 - Treaty of Alcaçovas - Portugal gives the Canary Islands to Castile in exchange for claims in West Africa.
● 1521 - Ferdinand Magellan arrives at Guam.
● 1579 - Veluwe joins Union of Utrecht
● 1590 - Earl Mauritius conquerors Breda "turfschip of Breda"
● 1628 - Emperor Ferdinand II delegates Restitutie-edict
● 1629 - In Germany, the Edict of Restitution ordered that all church property secularized since 1552 be restored to the Roman Catholic Church.
● 1646 - Joseph Jenkes, Massachusetts, receives 1st colonial machine patent
● 1664 - King Louis XIV & Emperor of Brandenburg signs covenant
● 1714 - Peace of Rastatt: French emperor Charles VI of Habsburg
● 1728 - Spain & England sign (1st) Convention of Pardo
● 1735 - English revivalist George Whitefield wrote in a letter: 'The renewal of our natures is a work of great importance. It is not to be done in a day. We have not only a new house to build up, but an old one to pull down.'
● 1759 - English founder of Methodism John Wesley wrote in a letter: 'There is a wonderful mystery in the manner and circumstances of that mighty working, whereby God subdues all things to himself, and leaves nothing in the heart but his pure love alone.'
● 1775 - 1st Negro Mason in US initiated, Boston
● 1788 - The First Fleet arrives at Norfolk Island in order to found a convict settlement.
● 1799 - Napoleon captures Jaffa Palestine
● 1806 - Poet Elizabeth Barrett Browning was born in Durham, England.
● 1810 - Illinois passes 1st state vaccination legislation in US
● 1816 - Jews are expelled from Free city of Lubeck Germany
● 1820 - The Missouri Compromise is signed into law by President James Monroe. The compromise allows Missouri to enter the Union as a slave state, but makes the rest of the northern part of the Louisiana Purchase territory slavery-free.
● 1831 - Edgar Allen Poe removed from West Point military academy
● 1834 - York, Upper Canada is incorporated as Toronto with William Lyon Mackenzie as its 1st mayor.
● 1836 - HMS Beagle/Darwin reaches King George's Sound, Australia
● 1836 - Texas Revolution: Battle of the Alamo - After a 13-day siege by an army of 3,000 Mexican troops, the 189 Texas volunteers defending the Alamo are defeated and the fort taken. The other side of the coin -- Mexican troops defend their country's abolitionist constitution, defeat foreign slaveholders. San Antonio, Texas. Remember the Alamo.
● 1854 - At the Washington Monument, several men stole the Pope's Stone from the lapidarium.
● 1856 - The University of Maryland, College Park is chartered as the Maryland Agricultural College.
● 1857 - Dred Scott decision by U.S. Supreme Court opens federal territory to slavery and denies citizenship to blacks, ruling that blacks are not entitled to protection under the law. The "unhappy Black Race," wrote Chief Justice Roger Brooke Taney in his opinion, had never possessed "rights which the white man was bound to respect."
● 1861 - Provisionary Confederate Congress establishes Confederate Army
● 1862 - Battle of Pea Ridge AR (Elkhorn Tavern)
● 1865 - Battle of Natural Bridge, Florida
● 1865 - President Lincoln's 2nd Inaugural Ball
● 1869 - Dmitri Mendeleev presents the first periodic table to the Russian Chemical Society.
● 1870 - Birth of Eugene Humbert, French anarchist militant, Metz. Militant libertarian, pacifist, neo-Malthusian. Killed in prison during WWII Allied bombing, the day before his release.
● 1882 - Monarch Milan Obrenovic of Serbia crowns himself king
● 1884 - Susan B. Anthony and more than 100 other suffragists present President Chester Arthur with a demand that he support women's right to vote. They failed, but the two women's suffrage groups -- the National Woman Suffrage Association and the American Woman Suffrage Association -- soon merged and worked for the next 36 years toward passage of the 19th Amendment, in 1920.
● 1885 - Ring Lardner, the American writer and satirist, was born.
● 1886 - 1st US alternating current power plant starts, Great Barrington MA
● 1899 - Bayer registers aspirin as a trademark.
● 1900 - A coal mine explosion in West Virginia traps 50 coal miners.
● 1901 - In Bremen an assassin attempts to kill Wilhelm II of Germany.
● 1902 - Census Bureau forms
● 1906 - Heavy storm bursts dike flooding Vlissingen, Netherlands
● 1906 - Nora Blatch becomes 1st woman elected to American Society of Civil Engineers
● 1907 - British creditors of the Dominican Republic claimed that the U.S. had failed to collect debts.
● 1913 - Joe Hill's song "There is Power in a Union" first appears in the IWW's "Little Red Song Book."
● 1915 - Greek King Constantine I fires premier Venizelos
● 1918 - US naval collier "Cyclops" disappears in Bermuda Triangle
● 1919 - Death of Julia H. Johnston, 70, American Presbyterian Sunday School leader. She penned about 500 hymns during her lifetime, one of which is still sung today: "Grace Greater Than Our Sin" (a.k.a. "Marvelous Grace of our Loving Lord").
● 1921 - Kamenev and "Snowball" (Trotsky) issue ultimatum to rebelling soldiers and sailors in Kronstadt.
● 1921 - Police in Sunbury PA issue an edict requiring Women to wear skirts at least 4 inches below the knee {As if they had the power to do so! Idiots!!}
● 1921 - The Portuguese Communist Party is founded as the Portuguese Section of the Communist International.
● 1924 - British Labour government cuts military budget
● 1925 - Belgium annexes Eupen, Malmedy, and Sankt Vith.
● 1925 - Pionerskaya Pravda, one of the oldest children's newspapers in Europe, is founded.
● 1928 - A Communist attack on Peking, China resulted in 3,000 dead and 50,000 fled to Swatow.
● 1929 - Turkey & Bulgaria sign friendship treaty
● 1930 - A National Trade-Union Unity League council in Madison, Wis., marches around the Capitol Square. During the march, a crowd of Univ. of Wisconsin students attack council leader Lottie Blumenthal, throwing her to the ground, manhandling other demonstrators, and destroying banners and pamphlets. Police arrest five university athletes who led the attack. One of the arrested athletes says (quote) - "We are getting so damned many radical Jews here that something must be done."
● 1930 - Brooklyn's Clarence Birdseye develops a method for quick freezing food
● 1930 - Demonstrations by unemployed workers demanding unemployment insurance occur in virtually every major city in the country. Police attacked a crowd of 35,000 in New York City -- others estimated 100,000 attendees -- and 10,000 people engaged in a melee with police in Cleveland. Republican congressman Hamilton Fish, with the support of the American Federation of Labor (AFL), also introduces a measure in Congress to create a committee to investigate radical activities. This is the beginning of the House Un-American Activities Committee (HUAC).
● 1933 - Death of Amos R. Wells, 71, pioneer U.S. Christian educator. From 1901 until his death, he was editor of "Peloubet's Notes for the International Sunday School Lessons."
● 1933 - Poland occupies free city Danzig (Gdansk)
● 1933 - Pres. Roosevelt closes all U.S. banks. Alas, they reopened.
● 1935 - Retired Supreme Court Justice Oliver Wendell Holmes Jr. died two days shy of his 94th birthday.
● 1936 - Belgium ends Locarno-pact
● 1939 - In Spain, Jose Miaja took over the Madrid government after a military coup and vowed to seek "peace with honor."
● 1940 - 1st US telecast from an airplane, New York NY
● 1940 - Winter War: An armistice is signed by Finland and the Soviet Union.
● 1943 - Battle at Medenine, North-Africa; Rommels assault attack
● 1943 - Sukarno asks for cooperation with Japanese occupiers
● 1944 - USAF begins daylight bombing of Berlin
● 1945 - 117 SD-prisoners executed at Savage Farm
● 1945 - A communist-dominated government under Petru Groza assumes power in Romania.
● 1945 - Assassination attempt on Höhere, SS Police führer Rauter
● 1945 - Chinese 38th division occupies Lashio
● 1945 - Erich Honnecker & Erich Hanke flee Nazis
● 1946 - Vietnam War: Ho Chi Minh signs an agreement with France which recognizes Vietnam as an autonomous state in the Indochinese Federation and the French Union.
● 1947 - The U.S. Supreme Court upheld the contempt conviction of John L. Lewis.
● 1947 - Winston Churchill announced that he opposed British troop withdrawals from India.
● 1947 - XB-45, 1st US 4-engine jet bomber, makes 1st test flight, Muroc CA
● 1948 - USS Newport News, the first air-conditioned naval ship, is launched from Newport News, Virginia.
● 1951 - Belgium extends conscription to 24 months
● 1951 - The trial of Ethel and Julius Rosenberg begins.
● 1953 - Georgy Maksimilianovich Malenkov succeeds Josef Stalin as Premier and First Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union.
● 1956 - West Germany amends constitution to permit military conscription.
● 1957 - Israel withdraws its troops from the Sinai Peninsula.
● 1957 - United Kingdom colonies Gold Coast and British Togoland become the independent Republic of Ghana.
● 1959 - Farthest radio signal heard (Pioneer IV, 400,000 miles)
● 1960 - President Sukarno disbands Indonesia's parliament
● 1960 - Switzerland granted women the right to vote in municipal elections.
● 1960 - The United States announced that it would send 3,500 troops to Vietnam. {All Repugs note, this was during the Eisenhower Administration.}
● 1961 - 1st London minicabs introduced
● 1961 - 'Ukulele king' Formby dies; One of Britain's most popular entertainers, George Formby, has died after suffering a heart attack.
● 1962 - US performs nuclear test at Nevada Test Site
● 1962 - US promise Thailand assistance against communist aggression
● 1964 - Constantine II becomes King of Greece succeeding Paul I.
● 1964 - Prophet Elijah Muhammad officially gives Cassius Clay the name Muhammad Ali meaning "beloved of Allah". {Ali has since left the Black Moslem movement and follows a more traditional form of the religion.}
● 1964 - Protest against Sheraton Palace Hotel's discrimination in hiring, San Francisco.
● 1965 - 1st nonstop helicopter crossing of North America, JR Willford
● 1965 - First American soldier "officially" sets foot on battlefield in Vietnam.
● 1967 - Stalin's daughter Svetlana Allilujeva asks for political asylum in US
● 1967 - U.S. President Lyndon B. Johnson announced his plan to establish a draft lottery.
● 1969 - Nine thousand march at University of Washington to protest Vietnam War.
● 1970 - Cult leader and suspected murderer Charles Manson releases an album titled Lies: The Love & Terror Cult to help finance his defense.
● 1970 - Police respond violently to a peaceful student protest at Roosevelt High in East Los Angeles, arresting 37 students; many other students are injured.
● 1970 - Rabies ban on British pet imports; The British Government announces an indefinite ban on the importation of domestic pets.
● 1970 - Three Weathermen blow themselves up in Greenwich Village (house of Cathy Wilkerson's father) - Diana Oughton, Cathlyn Wilkerson, Kathy Boudin.
● 1971 - First annual meeting of Nebraskans for Peace.
● 1971 - First national women's liberation demonstration held in Britain.
● 1972 - Supreme Court rules that Squamish tribal courts do not have jurisdiction over crimes committed by non-Indians on reservations, a major blow to protection of inherent sovereignty.
● 1972 - Wildcat strike at Lordstown, Ohio GM plant where workers were not expected to resist work discipline (according to company calculations). The company and the union got a big surprise.
● 1973 - Former Equity Funding Corporation official accuses the company of perpetuating a $120 million swindle involving 60,000 fictitious life insurance policies.
● 1973 - U.S. President Richard Nixon imposed price controls on oil and gas.
● 1974 - Miners' strike comes to an end; UK coal workers bring an end to a 16 week dispute following a pay increase of over 30%.
● 1975 - Algiers Accord: Iran and Iraq announce a settlement over their border dispute.
● 1975 - Nonviolent march demanding the return of democracy, Delhi, India.
● 1978 - Hustler publisher Larry Flynt shot & crippled by a sniper in Georgia
● 1980 - French Academy, founded in 1635, elects it 1st woman novelist (Marguerita Youcenar)
● 1980 - Islamic militants in Tehran said that they would turn over American hostages to the Revolutionary Council. {Eventually the Council would make a deal with candidate Reagan that would release the hostages after his inauguration. Only the first of his many impeachable offenses.}
● 1981 - France performs nuclear test at Muruora Island
● 1981 - Soyuz 39 returns to Earth
● 1981 - U.S. President Reagan announced a plan to cut 37,000 federal jobs.
● 1981 - Walter Cronkite appeared on his last episode of "CBS Evening News with Walter Cronkite." He had been on the job 19 years.
● 1982 - Libertarian cult hero Ayn Rand, 77, author of "The Fountainhead" and "Atlas Shrugged," dies in New York.
● 1982 - U.N. University for Peace founded. San Jose, Costa Rica.
● 1983 - A woman in New Bedford, Mass., reported being gang-raped atop a pool table in a tavern; four men were later convicted.
● 1984 - One-year coal strike begins in England. In the end, Thatcher wins.
● 1985 - Mexican authorities find body of US drug agent Enrique C Salaazar
● 1986 - USSR's Vega 1 flies by Halley's Comet at 8,889 km
● 1987 - 6.8 earthquake hits Ecuador, kills 100
● 1987 - The British ferry M/S Herald of Free Enterprise capsizes in about 90 seconds after leaving the harbour of Zeebrugge, Belgium en route to Dover, England across the English Channel, killing 193.
● 1988 - 3 IRA suspects were shot dead in Gibraltar by SAS officers
● 1988 - Students at Gallaudet University go on strike in favor of the selection of a deaf university president. The protest is called Deaf President Now.
● 1990 - In Afghanistan, an attempted coup to remove President Najibullah from office failed.
● 1990 - SR-71 sets a transcontinental record, flying 2,404 miles in 1:08:17
● 1990 - The Russian Parliament passed a law that sanctioned the ownership of private property.
● 1991 - Following Iraq's capitulation in the Persian Gulf conflict, President Bush told Congress that "aggression is defeated; The war is over"
● 1991 - In Paris, five men were jailed for plotting to smuggle Libyan arms to the Irish Republican Army.
● 1992 - Founding of the Council of the Baltic Sea States.
● 1992 - The Michelangelo computer virus begins to affect computers.
● 1993 - Angolans die in battle for Huambo; Hundreds of people are reported to have died in clashes between the rebel Unita movement and Angolan government forces in the central town of Huambo.
● 1994 - Referendum in Moldova results in the electorate voting against possible reunification with Romania.
● 1996 - Hundreds demonstrate for an end to all violence, Palestine.
● 1997 - Britain's Queen Elizabeth II launched the first official royal Web site.
● 1997 - Picasso's painting Tête de Femme is stolen from a London gallery, and is recovered a week later.
● 1998 - 1st time the British flag is flown over Buckingham Palace
● 1998 - A Connecticut state lottery accountant gunned down three supervisors and the lottery chief before killing himself.
● 2000 - Three white New York police officers were convicted of a cover-up in a police station attack on Haitian immigrant Abner Louima.
● 2002 - Haida nation initiates lawsuit against British Columbia and federal Canadian governments, demanding aboriginal rights not only to their land, but the maritime resources throughout their native Queen Charlottte Islands.
● 2006 - Gov. Mike Rounds signed legislation banning most abortions in South Dakota. (The ban was rejected by the state's voters in November).
● 2007 - Former White House aide I. Lewis Libby, Jr. was found guilty on four of five counts of perjury and obstruction of justice trial. {The War Chimp would commute his prison sentence and Scooter would not spend a single day in jail.}
BIRTHS
● 1340 - John of Gaunt, 1st Duke of Lancaster (d. 1399)
● 1405 - King John II of Castile (1406-54) (d. 1454)
● 1459 - Jacob Fugger, German banker (d. 1525)
● 1475 - Michelangelo, Italian artist (d. 1564)
● 1483 - Francesco Guicciardini, Italian statesman and historian (d. 1540)
● 1495 - Luigi Alamanni, Italian poet (d. 1556)
● 1619 - Cyrano de Bergerac, French soldier, poet (d. 1655)
● 1663 - Francis Atterbury, British man of letters (d. 1732)
● 1706 - George Pocock, British admiral (d. 1792)
● 1716 - Pehr Kalm, Swedish explorer and naturalist (d. 1779)
● 1724 - Henry Laurens, American President of Continental Congress (1777-78) (d. 1792)
● 1761 - Antoine-Francois Andreossy, French General (d. 1828)
● 1779 - Antoine-Henri Jomini, French general (d. 1869)
● 1787 - Joseph von Fraunhofer, German physicist (d. 1826)
● 1806 - Elizabeth Barrett Browning, British poet (d. 1861)
● 1812 - Aaron Lufkin Dennison American watch manufacturer (d. 1895)
● 1817 - Princess Clémentine of Orléans (d. 1907)
● 1818 - William Claflin, 27th Governor of Massachusetts (d. 1905)
● 1831 - Philip Sheridan, American Civil War Union cavalry officer (d. 1888)
● 1834 - George du Maurier British illustrator and writer (d. 1896)
● 1844 - Nikolay Rimsky-Korsakov, Russian composer and editor (d. 1908)
● 1870 - Oscar Straus, Viennese operetta composer (d. 1954)
● 1882 - F. Burrall Hoffman, American architect (d. 1980)
● 1885 - Ring Lardner, American writer (d. 1933)
● 1899 - Furry Lewis, American blues guitarist (d. 1981)
● 1903 - Empress Kōjun of Japan (d. 2000)
● 1904 - José Antonio Aguirre, Basque politician (d. 1960)
● 1904 - Joseph Schmidt, Austrian tenor (d. 1942)
● 1905 - Bob Wills, American singer (d. 1975)
● 1906 - Lou Costello, American actor comedian (d. 1959)
● 1914 - Kiril Kondrashin, Russian conductor (d. 1981)
● 1915 - Pete Gray, American baseball player (d. 2002)
● 1915 - Syedna Mohammed Burhanuddin, Bohra spiritual leader
● 1917 - Frankie Howerd, English comedian (d. 1992)
● 1917 - Will Eisner, American illustrator and cartoonist (d. 2005)
● 1919 - Maurice Grosse, British paranormal investigator (d. 2006)
● 1923 - Ed McMahon, American television personality (''The Tonight Show,'' ''Star Search'')
● 1924 - William Webster, Former FBI and CIA director
● 1925 - Wes Montgomery, American musician (d. 1968)
● 1926 - Alan Greenspan, American economist
● 1926 - Andrzej Wajda, Polish film director
● 1927 - Gabriel García Márquez, Colombian writer, Nobel Prize laureate
● 1927 - Gordon Cooper, astronaut (d. 2004)
● 1927 - Norman Treigle, American bass-baritone (d. 1975)
● 1930 - Lorin Maazel, French-born American conductor
● 1931 - Hal Needham, American stuntman
● 1933 - Ted Abernathy, American baseball player (d. 2004)
● 1934 - John Noakes, British television presenter
● 1935 - Ron Delany, Irish athlete
● 1936 - Bob Akin, American industrialist and race car driver (d. 2002)
● 1936 - Jean Boht, English actress
● 1936 - Marion Barry Jr., American politician
● 1937 - Doug Dillard, Country singer
● 1937 - Ivan Boesky, American stock trader
● 1937 - Valentina Tereshkova, cosmonaut
● 1939 - Adam Osborne, British author and computer designer (d. 2003)
● 1939 - Christopher Bond, U.S. senator, R-MO
● 1939 - Cookie Rojas, baseball player
● 1939 - Infanta Margarita of Spain, duchess of Soria
● 1940 - Joanna Miles, Actress
● 1940 - Willie Stargell, baseball player (d. 2001)
● 1942 - Ben Murphy, American actor
● 1944 - Kiri Te Kanawa, New Zealand singer
● 1944 - Mary Wilson, American singer (Supremes)
● 1945 - Hugh Grundy, Rock musician (The Zombies)
● 1946 - David Gilmour, British musician (Pink Floyd)
● 1947 - Dick Fosbury, American athlete
● 1947 - Kiki Dee, British singer
● 1947 - Martin Kove, American actor
● 1947 - Rob Reiner, American actor, comedian, and film producer
● 1947 - Teru Miyamoto, Japanese author
● 1948 - Anna Maria Horsford, American actress
● 1949 - Martin Buchan, Scottish footballer
● 1949 - Shaukat Aziz, Prime Minister of Pakistan
● 1951 - Gerrie Knetemann, Dutch cyclist (d. 2004)
● 1953 - Jacklyn Zeman, American actress
● 1953 - Jan Kjærstad, Norwegian author
● 1955 - Alberta Watson, Canadian actress
● 1958 - Eddie Deezen, American actor
● 1959 - Saul Anuzis, American politician
● 1959 - Tom Arnold, American actor and comedian
● 1962 - Valerie French, American animatronics art director
● 1963 - D.L. Hughley, American comedian and actor
● 1964 - Madonna Wayne Gacy, American musician
● 1964 - Skip Ewing, Country songwriter
● 1964 - Yvette Wilson, Actress
● 1966 - Alan Davies, British comedian and actor
● 1967 - Shuler Hensley, Actor
● 1968 - Connie Britton, Actress ("Spin City," "24," "Friday Night Lights")
● 1968 - Michael Romeo, American musician
● 1968 - Moira Kelly, American actress
● 1969 - Amy Pietz, Actress
● 1969 - Andrea Elson, American actress
● 1969 - Greg Scott, British TV personality
● 1969 - Tari Phillips, American basketball player
● 1970 - Shane Brolly, British actor
● 1971 - Darrick Martin, American basketball player
● 1971 - Sean Morley, American professional wrestler
● 1972 - Shaquille O'Neal, American basketball player
● 1972 - Terry Murphy, Northern Irish snooker player
● 1973 - Michael Finley, American basketball player
● 1973 - Trent Willmon, Country singer
● 1974 - Beanie Sigel, Rapper
● 1974 - Sebastian Siegel, British-American actor
● 1974 - Shan Farmer, Country musician (Ricochet)
● 1975 - Aracely Arambula, Mexican actress and singer
● 1976 - Ken Anderson, American professional wrestler
● 1977 - Bubba Sparxxx, Rapper
● 1977 - Giorgos Karagounis, Greek footballer
● 1977 - Marcus Thames, American baseball player
● 1978 - Sage Rosenfels, American Football Player
● 1979 - David Flair, American professional wrestler
● 1979 - Erik Bedard, Canadian baseball player
● 1979 - Ryan Nyquist, American BMX rider
● 1979 - Tim Howard, American soccer player
● 1980 - Ross Mawhinney, British-born Italian radio DJ
● 1981 - Ellen Muth, American actress
● 1983 - Andranik Teymourian, Iranian footballer
● 1984 - Becky, Japanese-British entertainer
● 1985 - Albert Reed, American model
● 1986 - Eli Marienthal, American actor
● 1986 - Jimmy Galeota, Actor
● 1992 - Momoko Tsugunaga, Japanese singer
● 1996 - Savanah Stehlin, American actress
DEATHS
● 766 - Chrodegang of Metz, Frankish bishop of Metz
● 1252 - Saint Rose of Viterbo, Italian saint (b. 1235)
● 1490 - Ivan the Young, Ruler of Tver (b. 1458)
● 1531 - Pedrarias Dávila, Spanish conquistador
● 1627 - Krzysztof Zbaraski, Polish statesman (b. 1580)
● 1754 - Henry Pelham, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (b. 1694)
● 1758 - Henry Vane, 1st Earl of Darlington, English politician (b. 1705)
● 1764 - Philip Yorke, 1st Earl of Hardwicke, Lord Chancellor of England (b. 1690)
● 1796 - Guillaume Thomas François Raynal, French writer (b. 1713)
● 1836 - Davy Crockett, American frontiersman (b. 1786) {Killed defending the Alamo}
● 1836 - James Butler Bonham, American lawyer from South Carolina and soldier (b. 1807) {Killed defending the Alamo}
● 1836 - Jim Bowie, American pioneer and soldier (b. 1796) {Killed defending the Alamo}
● 1836 - William Barret Travis, American lawyer from South Carolina and soldier (b. 1809) {Killed defending the Alamo}
● 1842 - Constanze Mozart, wife of W.A. Mozart (b. 1763)
● 1854 - Charles William Vane, 3rd Marquess of Londonderry, British soldier and politician (b. 1778)
● 1860 - Justus Johann Friedrich Dotzauer, German cellist and composer (b. 1783)
● 1866 - William Whewell, English scientist, philosopher, and historian of science (b. 1794)
● 1881 - Horatia Nelson, the illegitimate daughter of Emma Hamilton and Horatio Nelson (b. 1801)
● 1888 - Louisa May Alcott, American novelist (b. 1832)
● 1895 - Camilla Collett, Norwegian writer and feminist (b. 1813)
● 1899 - Victoria Kaiulani, Hawaiian princess (b. 1875)
● 1900 - Gottlieb Daimler, German engineer and industrialist (b. 1834)
● 1905 - John Henninger Reagan, American Confederate politician (b. 1818)
● 1932 - John Philip Sousa, American band leader, conductor, and composer (b. 1854)
● 1933 - Anton Cermak, Mayor of Chicago (b. 1873)
● 1935 - Fridolf Rhudin Swedish actor and comedian (b. 1895)
● 1939 - Ferdinand von Lindemann, German mathematician (b. 1852)
● 1941 - Gutzon Borglum, Danish sculptor (b. 1867)
● 1948 - Ross Lockridge, Jr., American novelist (b. 1914)
● 1950 - Albert Lebrun, President of France (b. 1871)
● 1951 - Ivor Novello, Welsh actor, musician, and composer (b. 1893)
● 1951 - Volodymyr Vynnychenko, Ukrainian politician and statesman (b. 1880)
● 1952 - Jürgen Stroop, Nazi SS-leader (executed) (b. 1895)
● 1961 - George Formby, British comedian and singer (b. 1904)
● 1964 - King Paul of Greece (b. 1901)
● 1965 - Margaret Dumont, American actress (b. 1889)
● 1967 - John Haden Badley, English author and educator (b. 1865)
● 1967 - Nelson Eddy, American singer and actor (b. 1901)
● 1967 - Zoltán Kodály, Hungarian composer (b. 1882)
● 1969 - Nadya Rusheva, Russian painter (b. 1952)
● 1970 - William Hopper, American actor (b. 1915)
● 1971 - Thurston Dart, English harpsichordist and conductor (b. 1921)
● 1973 - Pearl S. Buck, American writer, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1892)
● 1976 - Max 'Slapsie Maxie' Rosenbloom, American boxer and actor (b. 1903)
● 1981 - George Geary, English cricketer (b. 1893)
● 1982 - Ayn Rand, Russian-American author (b. 1905)
● 1985 - Henry Wilcoxon, Dominican actor (b. 1905)
● 1986 - Georgia O'Keeffe, American artist (b. 1887)
● 1993 - Douglas Marland, American writer (b. 1935)
● 1994 - Melina Mercouri, Greek actress, political activist, and politician (b. 1920)
● 1997 - Cheddi Jagan, President of Guyana (b. 1918)
● 1997 - Michael Manley, Prime Minister of Jamaica (b. 1924)
● 1998 - Frank Barrett, American baseball player (b. 1913)
● 1999 - Dennis Viollet, former footballer (b. 1933)
● 1999 - Isa ibn Salman Al Khalifah, emir of Bahrain (b. 1933)
● 2000 - John Colicos, Canadian actor (b. 1928)
● 2001 - Kim Walker, American actress (b. 1968)
● 2002 - Bryan Fogarty, Canadian ice hockey player (b. 1969)
● 2003 - John Sanford, American author (b. 1904)
● 2004 - Frances Dee, American actress (b. 1909)
● 2004 - Ray Fernandez, American professional wrestler (b. 1957)
● 2005 - Danny Gardella, American baseball player (b. 1920)
● 2005 - Hans Bethe, German-born physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1906)
● 2005 - Teresa Wright, American actress (b. 1918)
● 2005 - Tommy Vance, British radio disc jockey (b. 1943)
● 2006 - Dana Reeve, American actress, wife of Christopher Reeve (b. 1961)
● 2006 - King Floyd, American musician (b. 1945)
● 2006 - Kirby Puckett, American baseball player (b. 1960)
● 2007 - Allen Coage (aka "Bad News Brown"), American professional wrestler and judoka (b. 1943)
● 2007 - Ernest Gallo, American winemaker (b. 1909)
● 2007 - Jean Baudrillard, French cultural theorist, philosopher, political commentator and photographer (b. 1929)
● 2007 - Kevin Megeney, Canadian Solider (b. 1982)
HOLIDAYS AND OBSERVANCES
● Roman Catholic:
● St. Baldred
● St. Balther
● St. Basil
● St. Bilfrid
● St. Cadroe
● St. Chrodegang
● St. Colette aka St. Coleta of Ghent
● St. Conon
● St. Evagrius
● St. Fridolin
● Sts. Kyneburga, Kyneswide, & Tibba
● St. Marcian
● St. Olegarius
● Russian Orthodox Christian Menaion Calendar for February 23 (Civil Date: March 6)
● Hieromartyr Polycarp, Bishop of Smyrna.
● Saints John, Antioch, Antoninus, Moses, Zebinas, Polychronius, Moses and Damian, ascetics of the Syrian deserts.
● St. Alexander, founder of the Order of the Unsleeping Ones.
● St. Gorgonia, sister of St. Gregory the Theologian.
● St. Damian of Esphigmenou Skete on Mt. Athos.
● St. Moses, monk of Byelozersk.
● St. Polycarp, monk of Briansk.
● New-Martyr Damian, monk of Mt. Athos, who suffered at Larissa.
● Greek Calendar:
● Martyr Clement.
● Martyr Thea.
● Repose of Abbot Nazarius of Valaam (1809).
● Old Roman Catholic:
● Feast of Sts. Perpetua & Felicitas, martyrs (now 3/7)
● Panamá : Jesus Nazarene of Atalaya
● Ghana - Independence Day (from Britain, 1957)
● Guam - Magellan Day/Discovery Day (1521)
● Texas - Alamo Day
● US - Stoneware Pottery Appreciation Day
THIS IS AN ABBREVIATED POST FOR THIS DATE USING ONLY THE FOLLOWING EIGHT SOURCES. A COMPLETE POST IS PLANNED AS SOON AS TIME ALLOWS.
This Previous Day in History Post With
This Original Wikipedia List form the core of this post.
Additional facts taken from:
Information on Geov Parrish's this Day in Radical History, things that happened on this day that you never had to memorize in school.
Roman Catholic Saint of the Day
Russian Orthodox Christian Menaion Calendar
Liberal Quotes of the Day taken from The Best Liberal Quotes Ever: Why the Left Is Right Compiled by William P. Martin ©2004
Quotes from the Right of the Day taken from Take Them at Their Words: Startling, Amusing and Baffling Quotations from the GOP and Their Friends, 1994-2004 Compiled by Bruce J. Miller with Diana Maio ©2004
Dumbest Thing Said for the Day taken from 1001 Dumbest Things Ever Said Edited by Steven D. Price ©2004
Permanent Backlink to Post
Wednesday, March 05, 2008
March 5......
March 5 is the 64th day of the year (65th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. There are 301 days remaining in the year on this date.
Day of the week in surrounding years:
1979,1984,1990,. . . .,2001—MON—2007
. . . .,1985,1991,1996,2002—TUE—. . . .
1980,1986,. . . .,1997,2003—WED—2008
1981,1987,1992,1998,. . . .—THU—2009
1982,. . . .,1993,1999,2004—FRI—2010
1983,1988,1994,. . . .,2005—SAT—2011
. . . .,1989,1995,2000,2006—SUN—. . . .
PASCAL DATE INFORMATION
Easter Sunday for the Western Christian Church is defined as the first Sunday following the first full moon after the Spring Equinox. Lent is defined as the forty days prior to Easter not including Sundays thus Lent begins on Ash Wednesday, which is 46 days prior to Easter. Calculations for Ash Wednesday and Easter Sunday were performed for the 3774 years from 326 to 4099. For the year range 326 to 1582, dates are based on the Julian calendar. For years 1583 to 4099, dates are based on the Gregorian calendar. Ash Wednesday falls in a range of 36 days from February 4 to March 10. Easter Sunday falls in a range of 35 days from March 22 to April 25. The extra day in the Ash Wednesday range is February 29, which only occurs in leap years. February 29 only effects when Ash Wednesday occurs since it is well before the Spring Equinox and has no effect on the date for Easter Sunday. March 10 to March 21 is a twelve-day range that must occur in Lent no matter the timing of Easter Sunday. The entire range of 82 dates from February 4 to April 25 represents all dates with Pascal ramifications.
March 5 is the 31st possible date for Ash Wednesday. Ash Wednesday occurs on this date 128 times during the 3774 years calculated and is ranked 13th/14th/15th of the 36 dates.
It occurred on this date previously in the years:
363, 368, 447, 458, 531, 542, 553, 615, 626, 637, 648, 710, 721, 732, 805, 816, 895, 900, 979, 990, 1063, 1074, 1085, 1147, 1158, 1169, 1180, 1242, 1253, 1264, 1337, 1348, 1427, 1432, 1511, 1522, 1631, 1642, 1710, 1783, 1794, 1851, 1862, 1919, 1924, 1930, 2003
It will occur on this date in the future in the years:
2014, 2025, 2087, 2098, 2155, 2166, 2177, 2223, 2234, 2302, 2375, 2386, 2397, 2459, 2470, 2481, 2527, 2538, 2549, 2606, 2617, 2679, 2690, 2747, 2758, 2769, 2831, 2842, 2853, 2864, 2910, 2921, 2983, 2994, 3051, 3062, 3073, 3119, 3130, 3141, 3203, 3214, 3225, 3236, 3287, 3298, 3355, 3366, 3377, 3388, 3423, 3434, 3445, 3456, 3502, 3513, 3575, 3586, 3597, 3608, 3659, 3670, 3681, 3692, 3727, 3738, 3749, 3760, 3806, 3817, 3828, 3879, 3890, 3947, 3958, 3969, 3980, 4031, 4042, 4053, 4064
Best Liberal Quote of the Day: On Freedom "Freedom to differ is not limited to things that do not matter much. That would be a mere shadow of freedom. The test of its substance is the right to differ as to things that touch the heart of the existing order." — Robert Jackson
Stupidest and/or Scariest Quote from the Right for the Day: On Free Speech For Me (But Not For Thee) "I don't mind people trying to pick apart my policies, and that's fine and that's fair game but, you know, I don't think we're serving our nation well by allowing the discourse to become so uncivil that people say, use words the they shouldn't be using." — George W. "War Criminal" Bush in an interview with Brit Hume on Fox News, "Bush responds to Kennedy's criticism of Iraq policies," Associated Press, 9-22-03. {Tell me Georgie, would those words be things like "war monger" and "war criminal?" If the shoe fits, wear it.}
Dumbest Thing Said for the Day: From the world of Sports "Thomas is racing for it, but McCovey is there and can't get his glove to it. That play shows the inexperience, not on Thomas's part, but on the part of Willie McC . . . well, not on McCovey's part, either." — Jerry Coleman was an infielder for the Yankees (what is it about the Bronx Bombers that turned out such a raft of funny speakers?), and manager of the San Diego Padres. After playing, he made his mark as a radio and TV broadcaster, where his malapropisms, non sequiturs, and other goofs became legendary. Coleman is Hall of Shame member #8.
{Disclaimer: I have attempted to give credit to the many different sources that I get entries. Any failure to do so is unintentional. Any statement enclosed by brackets like these are the opinion of the blogger, A Proud Liberal.}
MOON PHASE
Berkeley, California—Times are Pacific Standard Time (PST)
Mar 5, 2008 2:00 AM Name: Waning Crescent Percent of Full: 6% Age: 92% Rise: 5:30 AM Set: 4:12 PM
Surprise, Arizona—Times are Mountain Standard Time (MST)
Mar 5, 2008 2:00 AM Name: Waning Crescent Percent of Full: 7% Age: 92% Rise: 5:42 AM Set: 4:38 PM
Iowa City, Iowa—Times are Central Standard Time (CST)
Mar 5, 2008 2:00 AM Name: Waning Crescent Percent of Full: 7% Age: 92% Rise: 5:33 AM Set: 3:57 PM
Cambridge, Massachusetts—Times are Eastern Standard Time (EST)
Mar 5, 2008 2:00 AM Name: Waning Crescent Percent of Full: 7% Age: 91% Rise: 5:11 AM Set: 3:30 PM
NASA ASTRONOMY PICTURE OF THE DAY
The International Space Station Expands Again
Credit: STS-122 Shuttle Crew, NASA
Click picture to go to NASA APOD site for full explanation
EVENTS
● 254 – St. Lucius I ends his reign as Catholic Pope
● 363 - Roman Emperor Julian moves from Antioch with an army of 90,000 to attack the Sassanid Empire, in a campaign which will bring about his own death.
● 1046 - Naser Khosrow begins the seven-year Middle Eastern journey which he will later describe in his book Safarnama.
● 1179 - The Third Lateran Council opened under Alexander III. It was attended by 300 bishops who enacted measures against the Waldenses and Albigensians. Lateran III also mandated that Popes were to be elected by two-thirds vote from the assembled cardinals.
● 1461 - Henry VI was deposed by Duke of York during War of the Roses
● 1496 - English King Henry VII grants to Henry Cabot the right to "subdue, occupy, and possess" any lands that he might find in the New World.
● 1528 - Utrecht Governor Maarten van Rossum plunders The Hague
● 1555 - French-born Swiss reformer John Calvin wrote in a letter to Philip Melanchthon: 'It behooves us to accomplish what God requires of us, even when we are in the greatest despair respecting the results.'
● 1558 - Smoking tobacco introduced in Europe by Francisco Fernandes
● 1579 - Betuwe joins Union of Utrecht
● 1616 - Copernicus' "de Revolutionibus" placed on Catholic Forbidden index
● 1623 - 1st American temperance law enacted, Virginia
● 1624 - In the American colony of Virginia, the upper class was exempted from whipping by legislation.
● 1651 - South Sea dike in Amsterdam breaks after storm
● 1684 - Emperor Leopold I, Poland & Venice sign Heilig Covenant of Linz
● 1689 - Daniel Finch, 2nd Earl of Nottingham is named Secretary of State for the Northern Department.
● 1743 - In Boston, editor Thomas Prince published the first issue of his weekly, "The Christian History." It was the first religious journal published in America.
● 1746 - Jakobijnse troops leave Aberdeen
● 1766 - Antonio de Ulloa, the first Spanish governor of Louisiana, arrives in New Orleans.
● 1770 - Boston Massacre. Tri-racial American revolutionist Crispus Attucks became America's first black hero (despite evidence he may not have been black at all, but rather, a Natick Indian) when he joined a mob attacking a British peacekeeping force and was shot (the first American killed in the revolution) during the ensuing melee. In all, five were killed and another six injured. {The British troops involved were later charged with murder. John Adams would serve as their lawyer during the trial.}
● 1783 - King Stanislaus Augustus Poniatowski grants rights to Jews of Kovno
● 1784 - Thomas Townshend, 1st Viscount Sydney is named President of the Board of Trade.
● 1793 - French troops are defeated by Austrian forces and Liège is recaptured.
● 1795 - Amsterdam celebrates Revolution on the Dam; Square of Revolution
● 1795 - Treaty of Basel-Prussia ends war with France
● 1820 - Dutch city of Leeuwarden forbids Jews to go to synagogues on Sundays
● 1821 - Monroe is 1st President inaugurated on March 5th, because 4th was Sun
● 1824 - First Burmese War: The British officially declare war on Burma.
● 1836 - Mexico attacks Alamo
● 1836 - Samuel Colt makes the first production-model revolver (.34-caliber).
● 1842 - Over 500 Mexican troops led by Rafael Vasquez invade Texas, briefly occupy San Antonio and then head back to the Rio Grande.
● 1845 - Congress appropriates $30,000 to ship camels to western US
● 1848 - In Battle of Abiqua, whites attack Klamath tribe camp at Abiqua Creek near Salem, Oregon Territory; 13 men and women killed.
● 1848 - Louis Antoine Garnier-Pages is named French minister of Finance.
● 1849 - Zachary Taylor sworn in as 12th President
● 1850 - Birth of Daniel B. Towner, American music evangelist. An associate of D.L. Moody, Towner composed over 2,000 hymn tunes, including AT CALVARY ("Years I Spent in Vanity and Pride"), MOODY ("Marvelous Grace of our Loving Lord") and TRUST AND OBEY ("When We Walk With the Lord").
● 1850 - The Britannia Bridge across the Menai Strait between the Isle of Anglesey and the mainland of Wales is opened.
● 1856 - Georgia becomes 1st state to regulate railroads
● 1860 - Parma, Tuscany, Modena and Romagna vote in referendums to join Kingdom of Sardinia.
● 1861 - The "Stars and Bars" is adopted as the flag of the Confederate States of America.
● 1862 - Union troops under Brigadier-General Wright occupy Fernandina FL
● 1867 - An abortive Fenian uprising against English rule took place in Ireland.
● 1868 - A court of impeachment is organized in the United States Senate to hear charges against President Andrew Johnson.
● 1868 - Mefistofele, an opera by Arrigo Boito premieres at La Scala.
● 1868 - Stapler patented in England by C H Gould
● 1871 - Birth of Rosa Luxemburg (1871-1919), Samosc, Poland. Jewish Polish leader in German socialist and anti-war movements. Founded, with Karl Liebinecht, the radical Spartacus League in 1916. After the Spartacist uprising in Berlin, they were arrested and murdered by German soldiers.
● 1872 - George Westinghouse patents the air brake.
● 1877 - Rutherford B. Hayes is publicly inaugurated as the 19th President of the United States (he was privately inaugurated on March 3).
● 1879 - The first group of black so-called exodusters, en route to Kansas, arrives in St. Louis aboard the steamer Colorado. Eager to escape harsh sharecropper contracts, pass laws, imprisonment, and murder, thousands of African Americans are looking to Kansas as the promised land. Many pour onto the steamboats nearly destitute and knowing nothing about the state. Tennessee cabinetmaker "Pap" Singleton, who calls himself the Father of the Colored Exodus, prints handbills encouraging the migration. Later this year, Singleton Colony is established near what becomes Emporia, Kansas. A steamboat strike will slow the migration and, by 1881, the flood of "exodusters" is reduced to a trickle.
● 1882 - Birth of Dora Marsden (1882-1960) lives. British individualist anarchist and militant suffragette.
● 1886 - In Paris, the anarchist Charles Gallo throws a bottle of hydrocyanic acid into the Stock Exchange. The bottle does not explode, but spreads a bad smell which set off a panic. Gallo then draws randomly fired five shots with a revolver without hitting anyone.
● 1890 - Birth of writer and anarchist revolutionary B. Traven (1890-1969), Chicago. Traven kept his identity secret for years; variously reported to have been born in 1882 and in Poland, his roots were revealed to the world only upon his death. Anarchist author, aka Ret Marut, Hal Croves, Bruno Traven, Traven Torsvan, Otto Feige. Spent a portion of his life hiding his tracks, changing identity, country, and jobs. A Stirnerite anarchist, he joined the Bavarian Soviet of 1919 with Gustav Landauer and other anarchists. Escaping adeath sentence in Munich, he disappeared and eventually wound up in Mexico, formally emigrating and renouncing his U.S. citizenship in 1951. Among his internationally best-selling novels, many set among the poor of southern Mexico, the best known is "The Treasure of Sierra Madre."
● 1894 - Archibald Philip Primrose, 5th Earl of Rosebery becomes First Lord of the Treasury.
● 1894 - Seattle authorizes 1st municipal employment office in US
● 1896 - Italian Governor of Eritrea, General Baldissera, reaches Massawa
● 1896 - Italian premier Crispi resigns
● 1897 - American Negro Academy forms
● 1900 - Two U.S. battleships leave for Nicaragua to halt revolutionary disturbances.
● 1901 - Germany and Britain began negotiations with hopes of creating an alliance.
● 1902 - In France, the National Congress of Miners decided to call for a general strike for an 8-hour day.
● 1904 - Nikola Tesla, in Electrical World and Engineer, describes the process of ball lightning formation.
● 1905 - Russian troops begin to retreat from Mukden, Manchuria after losing 100,000 troops in three days.
● 1907 - 1st radio broadcast of a musical composition aired
● 1907 - The second Duma opens in St. Petersburg, Russia and 40,000 demonstrators have to be dispersed by Russian troops.
● 1908 - 1st ascent of Mount Erebus, Antarctica
● 1908 - Sir Rex Harrison, the Academy Award-winning English stage and film actor, was born.
● 1910 - In Philadelphia, PA, 60,000 people left their jobs to show support for striking transit workers.
● 1910 - The Moroccan envoy signed the 1909 agreement with France.
● 1912 - Spanish steamer "Principe de Asturias" sinks northeast of Spain, 500 die
● 1912 - The Italians became the first to use dirigibles for military purposes. They used them for reconnaissance flights behind Turkish lines west of Tripoli.
● 1915 - World War I: LZ 33, a zeppelin, is damaged by enemy fire and stranded south of Ostend.
● 1917 - First edition of "Pravda" printed.
● 1917 - Wobblies (Industrial Workers of the World, aka IWW) go on trial, Everett, Washington.
● 1917 - Woodrow Wilson is inaugurated for a second term as President of the United States.
● 1918 - Bolshevist Russia moves the national capital from Petrograd to Moscow.
● 1923 - Montana & Nevada become 1st states to enact old age pension laws
● 1924 - Computing-Tabulating-Recording Corp becomes IBM
● 1924 - King Hussein of Hedzjaz appoints himself kalief
● 1924 - Shefqet Verlaci becomes Prime Minister of Albania.
● 1927 - U.S. Marines land in China "to protect U.S. property" during a civil war there.
● 1931 - Daniel Salamanca Urey is named President of Bolivia.
● 1931 - Gandhi & British viceroy Lord Irwin sign pact
● 1933 - Germany's Nazi Party wins majority in parliament (43.9%-17.2M votes)
● 1933 - Great Depression: President Franklin D. Roosevelt declares a "bank holiday", closing all United States banks and freezing all financial transactions for a period of ten days.
● 1934 - Mother-in-law's day 1st celebrated (Amarillo TX)
● 1935 - 1st premature baby health law in US (Chicago)
● 1936 - First flight of the Supermarine Spitfire fighter airplane Type 300.
● 1937 - U.S. officially apologizes to Nazi Germany for New York Mayor LaGuardia's reference to Adolf Hitler as a "brown-shirted fanatic." {Somebody should have given the mayor a medal for straight talk and clear thinking.}
● 1940 - Members of Soviet politburo sign an order for the execution of 25,700 Polish intelligentsia, including 14,700 Polish POWs, known also as the Katyn massacre.
● 1942 - Bosnia Tito establishes 3rd Proletarit Brigade in Bosnia
● 1942 - Japanese troop march into Batavia
● 1943 - Anti fascist strikes in Italy
● 1943 - First flight of Gloster Meteor jet aircraft in the United Kingdom.
● 1943 - Germany called fifteen and sixteen year olds for military service due to war losses.
● 1943 - RAF bombs Essen Germany
● 1944 - Italian anarchist Pasquale Binazzi, 71, dies, Spezia.
● 1945 - Allies bombs The Hague, Netherlands
● 1945 - Generals Eisenhower, Patton & Patch meet in Luneville
● 1945 - US 7th Army Corps captures Cologne
● 1945 - World War II: "Battle of the Ruhr" begins.
● 1946 - Hungarian Communists and Social Democrats co-found the Left Bloc.
● 1946 - Winston Churchill uses the phrase "Iron Curtain" in his speech at Westminster College in Fulton, Missouri.
● 1948 - US rocket flies record 4800 KPH to 126k height
● 1949 - The Jharkhand Party is founded in India.
● 1951 - The religious program "Circuit Rider" debuted over ABC television. The broadcast featured music selections and biographies of evangelists, and was produced by Franklin W. Dyson.
● 1953 - Stalin dies of stroke, Moscow, USSR. Also known as the lovable/huggable "Napoleon" in George Orwell's "Animal Farm." He had been in power for 29 years.
● 1956 - US court victory for black students; The United States Supreme Court upholds a ban on racial segregation in state schools, colleges and universities.
● 1957 - British Gold Coast becomes Ghana, first independent nation of sub-Saharan Africa.
● 1957 - Eamon de Valera's Fianna Fail-party wins election in Ireland
● 1958 - Explorer 2 spacecraft launches, fails to reach Earth orbit.
● 1958 - Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region is established.
● 1958 - U.S. B-47 jettisons atomic bomb off Georgia coast after mid-air collision.
● 1959 - Iran & US sign economic & military treaty
● 1960 - Aquatic Ape Hypothesis originates when Alister Hardy publicly announces his idea that ape-human divergence may have been due to a coastal phase.
● 1962 - US performs nuclear test at Nevada Test Site
● 1963 - Country music singer Patsy Cline died in a plane crash near Camden, Tenn., at age 30.
● 1964 - Ceylon declares emergency crisis due to unrest.
● 1966 - 75 MPH air currents cause BOAC 707 crash above Mount Fuji, 124 die
● 1966 - US performs nuclear test at Nevada Test Site
● 1968 - U.S. launches Solar Explorer B, aka Explorer 37 from Wallops Island to study the Sun.
● 1969 - Gustav Heinemann elected President of West-Germany
● 1970 - 3 SDS Weathermen terrorist group bomb 18 West 11th St in New York NY
● 1970 - A nuclear non-proliferation treaty goes into effect after ratification by 43 nations. Thank Almighty we have George W. "War Criminal" to show us the error of our ways.
● 1970 - Dubnium atoms are first detected conclusively.
● 1973 - Donald DeFreeze, future Symbionese Liberation Army leader, escapes from Vacaville Prison.
● 1973 - Mid-air collision kills 68; Sixty-eight passengers and crew die when two Spanish aircraft collide in mid-air over France.
● 1974 - Yom Kippur War: Israeli forces withdraw from the west bank of the Suez Canal.
● 1976 - British pound falls below $2 U.S. for the first time.
● 1977 - U.S. President Jimmy Carter appeared on CBS News with Walter Cronkite for the first "Dial-a-President" radio talk show.
● 1978 - China adopts new constitution stressing economic development over revolutionary ideology. Retains extensive sections guaranteeing due process and freedom. (Try not to giggle.)
● 1978 - Landsat 3 is launched from Vandenberg AFB in California.
● 1979 - Earth satellites record gamma rays from remnants of supernova N-49 from the Large Magellanic Cloud, leading to the discovery of soft gamma repeaters.
● 1979 - Voyager 1's closest approach to Jupiter, 172,000 miles.
● 1981 - US government grants Atlanta $1 million to search for black boy murderer
● 1982 - Comedian John Belushi was found dead of a drug overdose at age 33.
● 1982 - Venera 14, a Soviet satellite arrives at the planet Venus.
● 1983 - Bob Hawke (Labour) defeats Australian Prime Minister Malcolm Fraser (Conservative)
● 1984 - Standard Oil of California (now Unocal) buys Gulf Oil.
● 1984 - Supreme Court (5-4); city may use public money for Nativity scene
● 1984 - US accuse Iraq of using poison gas {We should know, we sold it to them.}
● 1988 - Constitution of Turks and Caicos Islands is restored and revised.
● 1988 - Simultaneous demonstrations against nuclear "mafia," Essen, Gorleben, Frankfurt, and Regensburg, West Germany.
● 1991 - Iraq released all Gulf War prisoners and repealed its annexation of Kuwait
● 1992 - Ethics committee votes to reveal congressmen who bounced checks
● 1993 - Fokker 100 crashes at Skopje Macedonia, 81 die
● 1993 - Johnson gets life ban from athletics; Disgraced Olympic sprinter Ben Johnson is banned from athletics for life after failing a drugs test for a second time.
● 1994 - Ukraine, voluntarily agreeing to give up nuclear weapons, begins transfer of its nuclear stockpile to Russia.
● 1995 - Estonia Centrumlinkse Coalition party wins parliamentary election
● 1995 - Graves of czar Nicholas & family found in St Petersburg
● 1995 - The Free Internet Chess Server was brought online and remains operational today.
● 1997 - Representatives of North Korea and South Korea met for first time in 25 years, for peace talks in New York.
● 1998 - It was announced that Air Force Lt. Col. Eileen Collins would lead crew of Columbia on a mission to launch a large X-ray telescope. She was the first woman to command a space shuttle mission.
● 1998 - NASA announces that the Clementine probe orbiting the Moon has found enough water to support a human colony and rocket fueling station.
● 1999 - Paul Okalik is elected first Premier of Nunavut.
● 2001 - In Mecca, 35 Muslim pilgrims are crushed to death during the annual Hajj pilgrimage.
● 2001 - Santana High School shooting: A student shoots at other students at Santana High School in Santee, California, killing two and wounding thirteen.
● 2001 - Vice President Dick Cheney underwent an angioplasty for a partially blocked artery after going to a hospital with chest pains.
● 2003 - In Haifa, 17 Israeli civilians are killed by a Hamas suicide bomb in the Haifa bus 37 massacre.
● 2003 - Natalie Maines of the Dixie Chicks provokes controversy in the U.S. by stating that the band was "ashamed the president of the United States is from Texas."
● 2004 - Martha Stewart was found guilty of lying about the reason for selling 3,298 shares of ImClone Systems stock, conspiracy, making false statement and obstruction of justice.
● 2004 - The Ottawa Senators and Philadelphia Flyers set a record for most penalty minutes in one game with 419.
● 2005 - The Burkinabé Party for Democracy and Socialism holds its 1st National Convention
● 2006 - AT&T Inc. announced it was buying BellSouth Corp., a big step toward resurrecting the old Ma Bell telephone system.
BIRTHS
● 1133 - King Henry II of England (d. 1189)
● 1324 - King David II of Scotland (d. 1371)
● 1512 - Gerardus Mercator, Flemish cartographer (d. 1594)
● 1563 - John Coke, English politician (d. 1644)
● 1575 - William Oughtred, English mathematician (d. 1660)
● 1585 - John George I, Elector of Saxony (d. 1656)
● 1637 - Jan van der Heyden, Dutch painter of cityscapes (d. 1712)
● 1658 - Antoine Laumet de La Mothe, sieur de Cadillac, French explorer (d. 1730)
● 1693 - Johann Jakob Wettstein, Swiss theologian (d. 1754)
● 1696 - Giovanni Battista Tiepolo, Italian painter (d. 1770)
● 1703 (N.S.) - Vasily Kirillovich Trediakovsky, Russian poet (d. 1768)
● 1723 - Princess Mary of Great Britain (d. 1773)
● 1739 - Benjamin Ruggles Woodbridge, doctor, Massachusetts militia officer, member of the Massachusetts legislature (d. 1819)
● 1748 - Jonas C. Dryander, Swedish botanist (d. 1810)
● 1748 - William Shield, English musician (d. 1829)
● 1750 - Jean-Baptiste Gaspard d'Ansse de Villoison, French classical scholar (d. 1805)
● 1794 - Jacques Babinet, French physicist (d. 1872)
● 1794 - Robert Cooper Grier, Justice of the U.S. Supreme Court (d. 1870)
● 1814 - Wilhelm von Giesebrecht, German historian (d. 1889)
● 1815 - John Wentworth, American politician (d. 1888)
● 1817 - Austen Henry Layard, English archaeologist (d. 1894)
● 1836 - Charles Goodnight, American cattle rancher (d. 1929)
● 1852 - Lady Augusta Gregory, Irish writer and playwright (d. 1932)
● 1853 - Howard Pyle, American author and illustrator (d. 1911)
● 1867 - Louis-Alexandre Taschereau, Premier of Quebec (d. 1952)
● 1869 - Michael von Faulhaber, German cardinal and archbishop (d. 1952)
● 1870 - Frank Norris, American writer (d. 1902)
● 1871 - Rosa Luxemburg, Socialist revolutionary (d. 1919)
● 1873 - Olav Bjaaland, Norwegian explorer and cross-country skier (d. 1961)
● 1874 - Arthur Schendel, Dutch novelist and short-story writer (d. 1946)
● 1874 - Henry Travers, British actor (d. 1965)
● 1876 - Edouard Belin, French engineer and inventor (d. 1963)
● 1879 - Sir William Beveridge, British economist (d. 1963)
● 1883 - Marius Barbeau, French Canadian ethnographer and folklorist (b. 1969)
● 1886 - Dong Biwu, High-ranking member of the Communist Party of China (d. 1975)
● 1887 - Heitor Villa-Lobos, Brazilian composer (d. 1959)
● 1897 - Set Persson, Swedish communist politician (d. 1960)
● 1898 - Soong May-ling, Chinese wife of Chiang Kai-Shek (d. 2003)
● 1898 - Zhou Enlai, Premier of the People's Republic of China (d. 1976)
● 1904 - Karl Rahner, German theologian (d. 1984)
● 1908 - Irving Fiske, American writer, playwright, (d. 1990)
● 1908 - Sir Rex Harrison, English actor (d. 1990)
● 1910 - Józef Marcinkiewicz, Polish mathematician (d. 1940)
● 1914 - Philip Farkas, American horn player and teacher (d. 1992)
● 1915 - Laurent Schwartz, French mathematician (d. 2002)
● 1918 - James Tobin, American economist, Nobel laureate (d. 2002)
● 1918 - Milt Schmidt, Canadian ice hockey player, coach and manager
● 1918 - Red Storey, Canadian football player and ice hockey referee (d. 2006)
● 1920 - José Aboulker, Algerian anti-Nazi resistance fighter
● 1920 - Virginia Christine, American actress (d. 1996)
● 1921 - Elmer Valo, American baseball player (d. 1998)
● 1922 - James Noble, American actor
● 1922 - Pier Paolo Pasolini, Italian writer and film director (d. 1975)
● 1923 - David Nathan, Welsh journalist (d. 1966)
● 1923 - Laurence Tisch, American investor
● 1927 - Jack Cassidy, American actor (d. 1976)
● 1929 - Erik Carlsson, Swedish rally driver
● 1930 - Del Crandall, American baseball player
● 1931 - Barry Tuckwell, Australian horn virtuoso
● 1931 - Fred Othon Aristidès, French comics artist
● 1934 - Daniel Kahneman, Israeli economist, Nobel laureate
● 1934 - James B. Sikking, American actor
● 1936 - Canaan Banana, first President of Zimbabwe (d. 2003)
● 1936 - Dean Stockwell, American actor
● 1937 - Olusẹgun Ọbasanjọ, President of Nigeria
● 1938 - Fred Williamson, American football player and actor
● 1938 - Paul Evans, American singer and songwriter
● 1939 - Peter Woodcock, Canadian serial killer
● 1939 - Pierre Wynants, Belgian chef
● 1939 - Samantha Eggar, English actress
● 1940 - Malcolm Hebden, English actor
● 1942 - Felipe González, Prime Minister of Spain
● 1942 - Mike Resnick, American science fiction author
● 1943 - Billy Backus, American boxer
● 1944 - Lucio Battisti, Italian singer (d. 1998)
● 1944 - Roy Gutman, American journalist, Pulitzer Prize winner
● 1945 - Paschal English, American Survivor contestant
● 1946 - Michael Warren, Actor
● 1947 - Clodagh Rodgers, Irish singer
● 1947 - Eddie Hodges, American actor and singer
● 1947 - Kent Tekulve, American baseball player
● 1948 - Eddy Grant, Guyana-born singer
● 1948 - Elaine Paige, English singer and actress
● 1948 - Paquirri, Spanish bullfighter (d. 1984)
● 1948 - Richard Hickox, English musical conductor
● 1949 - Franz Josef Jung, Commander-in-chief of the German Bundeswehr
● 1951 - Giorgos Ninios, Greek actor
● 1952 - Alan Clark, English keyboardist (Dire Straits)
● 1954 - Marsha Warfield, American actress, comedienne
● 1955 - Penn Jillette, American magician and comedian
● 1956 - Adriana Barraza, Actress ("Babel")
● 1956 - Teena Marie, American singer
● 1957 - Mark E. Smith, English singer (The Fall)
● 1958 - Andy Gibb, English-born Australian singer and teen idol (d. 1988)
● 1959 - David Fury, American television writer and producer
● 1959 - Vazgen Sargsyan, Armenian politician (d. 1999)
● 1960 - David Tibet, English musician (Current 93)
● 1962 - Charlie and Craig Reid, Scottish musicians (The Proclaimers)
● 1962 - Jonathan Penner, American reality show contestant
● 1966 - Aasif Mandvi, Indian-born American actor and comedian
● 1966 - Bob Halkidis, Canadian hockey player
● 1966 - Michael Irvin, American football player
● 1969 - MC Solaar, French rapper
● 1970 - John Frusciante, American musician (Red Hot Chili Peppers)
● 1970 - Lisa Robin Kelly, American actress
● 1970 - Rome, R&B singer
● 1971 - Evil Jared Hasselhoff, American musician (Bloodhound Gang)
● 1971 - Jeffrey Hammonds, American baseball player
● 1971 - Yuri Lowenthal, American actor/author/painter
● 1972 - Luca Turilli, Italian musician (Rhapsody)
● 1973 - Ryan Franklin, American baseball player
● 1973 - Yannis Anastasiou, Greek footballer
● 1974 - Eva Mendes, American actress
● 1974 - Jens Jeremies, German footballer
● 1974 - Kevin Connolly, American television actor and comedian
● 1974 - Matt Lucas, English comedian
● 1975 - Jolene Blalock, American actress (''Enterprise'' and "Shark")
● 1975 - Luciano Burti, Brazilian racing driver
● 1975 - Niki Taylor, American model
● 1975 - Sasho Petrovski, Australian soccer player
● 1976 - Katerina Matziou, Greek actress
● 1976 - Paul Konerko, American baseball player
● 1976 - Šarūnas Jasikevičius, Lithuanian basketball player
● 1977 - Bryan Berard, American ice hockey player
● 1977 - Mike MacDougal, American baseball player
● 1977 - Wally Szczerbiak, American basketball player
● 1978 - Mike Hessman, American baseball player
● 1979 - Tang Gonghong, Chinese weightlifter
● 1981 - Andreas Wiig, Norwegian snowboarder
● 1981 - Paul Martin, American ice hockey player
● 1981 - Shugo Oshinari, Japanese actor
● 1982 - Daniel Carter, New Zealand rugby player
● 1982 - Giorgia Palmas, Italian television personality and model
● 1985 - Ken'ichi Matsuyama, Japanese actor
● 1986 - Matty Fryatt, English footballer
● 1988 - Bjarni Viðarsson, Icelandic footballer
● 1988 - Trevor Carson, Northern Irish footballer
● 1989 - Jake Lloyd, American actor (''Star Wars'' films)
DEATHS
● 1534 - Antonio da Correggio, Italian painter (b. 1489)
● 1539 - Nuno da Cunha, Portuguese governor in India (b. 1487)
● 1592 - Michael Coxcie, Flemish painter (b. 1499)
● 1611 - Shimazu Yoshihisa, Japanese warlord and samurai (b. 1533)
● 1622 - Ranuccio I Farnese, Duke of Parma (b. 1569)
● 1695 - Henry Wharton, English writer (b. 1664)
● 1726 - Evelyn Pierrepont, 1st Duke of Kingston-upon-Hull, English politician
● 1776 - Yeongjo of Joseon, ruler of Korea (b. 1694)
● 1778 - Thomas Augustine Arne, English composer (b. 1710)
● 1815 - Franz Mesmer, Austrian developer of hypnotism (b. 1734)
● 1827 - Alessandro Volta, Italian physicist (b. 1745)
● 1827 - Pierre-Simon Laplace, French mathematician (b. 1749)
● 1829 - John Adams, last surviving HMS Bounty mutineer (b. 1766)
● 1849 - David Scott, Scottish painter (b. 1806)
● 1876 - Marie d'Agoult, German-born writer (b. 1805)
● 1893 - Hippolyte Taine, French historian (b. 1828
● 1895 - Henry Rawlinson, British soldier and scholar (b. 1810)
● 1895 - Nikolai Leskov, Russian writer (b. 1831)
● 1903 - George Francis Robert Henderson, British soldier (b. 1854)
● 1907 - Friedrich Blass, German classical scholar (b. 1843)
● 1925 - Johan Jensen, Danish mathematician (b. 1859)
● 1926 - Clément Ader, French aviation pioneer (b. 1841)
● 1927 - Franz Mertens, German mathematician (b. 1840)
● 1931 - Fr. Arthur Tooth SSC, Anglican Clergyman prosecuted and imprisoned for ritualist activities (b. 1839)
● 1940 - Cai Yuanpei, Chinese educator (b. 1868)
● 1944 - Max Jacob, French poet and writer (b. 1876)
● 1945 - Lena Baker, American murderer (b. 1901)
● 1947 - Alfredo Casella, Italian composer (b. 1883)
● 1953 - Herman J. Mankiewicz, American screenwriter (b. 1897)
● 1953 - Joseph Stalin, Georgian leader of the Soviet Union (b. 1879)
● 1953 - Sergei Prokofiev, Russian composer, (b. 1891)
● 1955 - Antanas Merkys, President of Lithuania (b. 1888)
● 1963 - Cowboy Copas, American singer (b. 1913)
● 1963 - Hawkshaw Hawkins, American singer (b. 1921)
● 1963 - Patsy Cline, American singer (b. 1932)
● 1965 - Chen Cheng, Chinese politician (b. 1897)
● 1965 - Pepper Martin, American baseball player (b. 1904)
● 1966 - Anna Akhmatova, Russian poet (b. 1889)
● 1967 - Georges Vanier, Governor General of Canada (b. 1888)
● 1974 - Billy De Wolfe, American actor (b. 1907)
● 1974 - Sol Hurok, Russian-born impresario (b. 1888)
● 1977 - Jansen Van Vuuren, Dutch volunteer safety marshall at the 1977 South African Grand Prix
● 1977 - Tom Pryce, British Formula One driver (1977 South African Grand Prix)
● 1980 - Jay Silverheels, Canadian actor (b. 1912) {Tonto of "What do you mean 'WE,' white man fame.}
● 1980 - Winifred Wagner, German opera producer (b. 1897)
● 1981 - Yip Harburg, American lyricist (b. 1896)
● 1982 - John Belushi, American actor (b. 1949)
● 1984 - Tito Gobbi, Italian baritone (b. 1915)
● 1984 - William Powell, American actor (b. 1892)
● 1988 - Alberto Olmedo, Argentine comedian (b. 1933)
● 1990 - Gary Merrill, American film actor (b. 1915)
● 1993 - Cyril Collard, French author and filmmaker (b. 1957)
● 1995 - Gregg Hansford, Australian motorcycle and touring car racer (b. 1952)
● 1995 - Vivian Stanshall, English musician (Bonzo Dog Band) (b. 1943)
● 1996 - Whit Bissell, American actor (b. 1909)
● 1997 - Samm Sinclair Baker, American diet author (b. 1909)
● 1999 - Richard Kiley, American actor (b. 1922)
● 2000 - Lolo Ferrari, French actress (b. 1962)
● 2004 - Walt Gorney, American actor (b. 1912)
● 2006 - Richard Kuklinski, American Mafia hit man (b. 1935)
HOLIDAYS AND OBSERVANCES
● Roman Catholic:
● St. Adrian (died 308)
● St. Caron
● St. Carthach
● St. Ciarán Saighir, patron of the Diocese of Ossory
● St. Colman of Armagh
● St. Eusebius of Cremona
● St. Gerarda
● St. Gerasimus
● St. John-Joseph of the Cross
● St. Kieran
● St. Olivia (died 308)
● Sts. Phocas and Antioch
● St. Piran's Day - Cornwall's national day.
● St. Theophile (died 195)
● St. Virgilius of Arles
● Bl. Dionysius Fugishima
● Russian Orthodox Christian Menaion Calendar for February 22 (Civil Date: March 5)
● Opening of the Relics of Holy Martyrs at the gate of Eugenius at Constantinople.
● Martyrs Maurice and his son Photinus, and Martyrs Theodore, Philip, and 70 soldiers, at Apamea in Syria.
● Saints Thalassius, Limnaeus, and Baradates, hermits of Syria.
● St. Athanasius the confessor of Constantinople.
● St. Telesphorus, pope of Rome.
● St. Peter the Stylite of Mt. Athos.
● New-Martyr Theoktista Michailovna, fool-for-Christ of Voronezh (1936).
● New-Martyr priest Michael Lisicin (1918).
● Greek Calendar:
● Martyr Anthusa and her 12 servants.
● St. Blaise, Bishop
● Repose of "Golden Grits" (Gregory) (1855)
● Repose of Schema-nun Avramia of Kashin (1855).
● Boston MA - Boston Massacre Day (1770)
● China - Learn from Lei Feng Day
THIS IS AN ABBREVIATED POST FOR THIS DATE USING ONLY THE FOLLOWING EIGHT SOURCES. A COMPLETE POST IS PLANNED AS SOON AS TIME ALLOWS.
This Previous Day in History Post With
This Original Wikipedia List form the core of this post.
Additional facts taken from:
Information on Geov Parrish's this Day in Radical History, things that happened on this day that you never had to memorize in school.
Roman Catholic Saint of the Day
Russian Orthodox Christian Menaion Calendar
Liberal Quotes of the Day taken from The Best Liberal Quotes Ever: Why the Left Is Right Compiled by William P. Martin ©2004
Quotes from the Right of the Day taken from Take Them at Their Words: Startling, Amusing and Baffling Quotations from the GOP and Their Friends, 1994-2004 Compiled by Bruce J. Miller with Diana Maio ©2004
Dumbest Thing Said for the Day taken from 1001 Dumbest Things Ever Said Edited by Steven D. Price ©2004
Permanent Backlink to Post
Day of the week in surrounding years:
1979,1984,1990,. . . .,2001—MON—2007
. . . .,1985,1991,1996,2002—TUE—. . . .
1980,1986,. . . .,1997,2003—WED—2008
1981,1987,1992,1998,. . . .—THU—2009
1982,. . . .,1993,1999,2004—FRI—2010
1983,1988,1994,. . . .,2005—SAT—2011
. . . .,1989,1995,2000,2006—SUN—. . . .
PASCAL DATE INFORMATION
Easter Sunday for the Western Christian Church is defined as the first Sunday following the first full moon after the Spring Equinox. Lent is defined as the forty days prior to Easter not including Sundays thus Lent begins on Ash Wednesday, which is 46 days prior to Easter. Calculations for Ash Wednesday and Easter Sunday were performed for the 3774 years from 326 to 4099. For the year range 326 to 1582, dates are based on the Julian calendar. For years 1583 to 4099, dates are based on the Gregorian calendar. Ash Wednesday falls in a range of 36 days from February 4 to March 10. Easter Sunday falls in a range of 35 days from March 22 to April 25. The extra day in the Ash Wednesday range is February 29, which only occurs in leap years. February 29 only effects when Ash Wednesday occurs since it is well before the Spring Equinox and has no effect on the date for Easter Sunday. March 10 to March 21 is a twelve-day range that must occur in Lent no matter the timing of Easter Sunday. The entire range of 82 dates from February 4 to April 25 represents all dates with Pascal ramifications.
March 5 is the 31st possible date for Ash Wednesday. Ash Wednesday occurs on this date 128 times during the 3774 years calculated and is ranked 13th/14th/15th of the 36 dates.
It occurred on this date previously in the years:
363, 368, 447, 458, 531, 542, 553, 615, 626, 637, 648, 710, 721, 732, 805, 816, 895, 900, 979, 990, 1063, 1074, 1085, 1147, 1158, 1169, 1180, 1242, 1253, 1264, 1337, 1348, 1427, 1432, 1511, 1522, 1631, 1642, 1710, 1783, 1794, 1851, 1862, 1919, 1924, 1930, 2003
It will occur on this date in the future in the years:
2014, 2025, 2087, 2098, 2155, 2166, 2177, 2223, 2234, 2302, 2375, 2386, 2397, 2459, 2470, 2481, 2527, 2538, 2549, 2606, 2617, 2679, 2690, 2747, 2758, 2769, 2831, 2842, 2853, 2864, 2910, 2921, 2983, 2994, 3051, 3062, 3073, 3119, 3130, 3141, 3203, 3214, 3225, 3236, 3287, 3298, 3355, 3366, 3377, 3388, 3423, 3434, 3445, 3456, 3502, 3513, 3575, 3586, 3597, 3608, 3659, 3670, 3681, 3692, 3727, 3738, 3749, 3760, 3806, 3817, 3828, 3879, 3890, 3947, 3958, 3969, 3980, 4031, 4042, 4053, 4064
Best Liberal Quote of the Day: On Freedom "Freedom to differ is not limited to things that do not matter much. That would be a mere shadow of freedom. The test of its substance is the right to differ as to things that touch the heart of the existing order." — Robert Jackson
Stupidest and/or Scariest Quote from the Right for the Day: On Free Speech For Me (But Not For Thee) "I don't mind people trying to pick apart my policies, and that's fine and that's fair game but, you know, I don't think we're serving our nation well by allowing the discourse to become so uncivil that people say, use words the they shouldn't be using." — George W. "War Criminal" Bush in an interview with Brit Hume on Fox News, "Bush responds to Kennedy's criticism of Iraq policies," Associated Press, 9-22-03. {Tell me Georgie, would those words be things like "war monger" and "war criminal?" If the shoe fits, wear it.}
Dumbest Thing Said for the Day: From the world of Sports "Thomas is racing for it, but McCovey is there and can't get his glove to it. That play shows the inexperience, not on Thomas's part, but on the part of Willie McC . . . well, not on McCovey's part, either." — Jerry Coleman was an infielder for the Yankees (what is it about the Bronx Bombers that turned out such a raft of funny speakers?), and manager of the San Diego Padres. After playing, he made his mark as a radio and TV broadcaster, where his malapropisms, non sequiturs, and other goofs became legendary. Coleman is Hall of Shame member #8.
{Disclaimer: I have attempted to give credit to the many different sources that I get entries. Any failure to do so is unintentional. Any statement enclosed by brackets like these are the opinion of the blogger, A Proud Liberal.}
MOON PHASE
Berkeley, California—Times are Pacific Standard Time (PST)
Mar 5, 2008 2:00 AM Name: Waning Crescent Percent of Full: 6% Age: 92% Rise: 5:30 AM Set: 4:12 PM
Surprise, Arizona—Times are Mountain Standard Time (MST)
Mar 5, 2008 2:00 AM Name: Waning Crescent Percent of Full: 7% Age: 92% Rise: 5:42 AM Set: 4:38 PM
Iowa City, Iowa—Times are Central Standard Time (CST)
Mar 5, 2008 2:00 AM Name: Waning Crescent Percent of Full: 7% Age: 92% Rise: 5:33 AM Set: 3:57 PM
Cambridge, Massachusetts—Times are Eastern Standard Time (EST)
Mar 5, 2008 2:00 AM Name: Waning Crescent Percent of Full: 7% Age: 91% Rise: 5:11 AM Set: 3:30 PM
NASA ASTRONOMY PICTURE OF THE DAY
The International Space Station Expands Again
Credit: STS-122 Shuttle Crew, NASA
Click picture to go to NASA APOD site for full explanation
EVENTS
● 254 – St. Lucius I ends his reign as Catholic Pope
● 363 - Roman Emperor Julian moves from Antioch with an army of 90,000 to attack the Sassanid Empire, in a campaign which will bring about his own death.
● 1046 - Naser Khosrow begins the seven-year Middle Eastern journey which he will later describe in his book Safarnama.
● 1179 - The Third Lateran Council opened under Alexander III. It was attended by 300 bishops who enacted measures against the Waldenses and Albigensians. Lateran III also mandated that Popes were to be elected by two-thirds vote from the assembled cardinals.
● 1461 - Henry VI was deposed by Duke of York during War of the Roses
● 1496 - English King Henry VII grants to Henry Cabot the right to "subdue, occupy, and possess" any lands that he might find in the New World.
● 1528 - Utrecht Governor Maarten van Rossum plunders The Hague
● 1555 - French-born Swiss reformer John Calvin wrote in a letter to Philip Melanchthon: 'It behooves us to accomplish what God requires of us, even when we are in the greatest despair respecting the results.'
● 1558 - Smoking tobacco introduced in Europe by Francisco Fernandes
● 1579 - Betuwe joins Union of Utrecht
● 1616 - Copernicus' "de Revolutionibus" placed on Catholic Forbidden index
● 1623 - 1st American temperance law enacted, Virginia
● 1624 - In the American colony of Virginia, the upper class was exempted from whipping by legislation.
● 1651 - South Sea dike in Amsterdam breaks after storm
● 1684 - Emperor Leopold I, Poland & Venice sign Heilig Covenant of Linz
● 1689 - Daniel Finch, 2nd Earl of Nottingham is named Secretary of State for the Northern Department.
● 1743 - In Boston, editor Thomas Prince published the first issue of his weekly, "The Christian History." It was the first religious journal published in America.
● 1746 - Jakobijnse troops leave Aberdeen
● 1766 - Antonio de Ulloa, the first Spanish governor of Louisiana, arrives in New Orleans.
● 1770 - Boston Massacre. Tri-racial American revolutionist Crispus Attucks became America's first black hero (despite evidence he may not have been black at all, but rather, a Natick Indian) when he joined a mob attacking a British peacekeeping force and was shot (the first American killed in the revolution) during the ensuing melee. In all, five were killed and another six injured. {The British troops involved were later charged with murder. John Adams would serve as their lawyer during the trial.}
● 1783 - King Stanislaus Augustus Poniatowski grants rights to Jews of Kovno
● 1784 - Thomas Townshend, 1st Viscount Sydney is named President of the Board of Trade.
● 1793 - French troops are defeated by Austrian forces and Liège is recaptured.
● 1795 - Amsterdam celebrates Revolution on the Dam; Square of Revolution
● 1795 - Treaty of Basel-Prussia ends war with France
● 1820 - Dutch city of Leeuwarden forbids Jews to go to synagogues on Sundays
● 1821 - Monroe is 1st President inaugurated on March 5th, because 4th was Sun
● 1824 - First Burmese War: The British officially declare war on Burma.
● 1836 - Mexico attacks Alamo
● 1836 - Samuel Colt makes the first production-model revolver (.34-caliber).
● 1842 - Over 500 Mexican troops led by Rafael Vasquez invade Texas, briefly occupy San Antonio and then head back to the Rio Grande.
● 1845 - Congress appropriates $30,000 to ship camels to western US
● 1848 - In Battle of Abiqua, whites attack Klamath tribe camp at Abiqua Creek near Salem, Oregon Territory; 13 men and women killed.
● 1848 - Louis Antoine Garnier-Pages is named French minister of Finance.
● 1849 - Zachary Taylor sworn in as 12th President
● 1850 - Birth of Daniel B. Towner, American music evangelist. An associate of D.L. Moody, Towner composed over 2,000 hymn tunes, including AT CALVARY ("Years I Spent in Vanity and Pride"), MOODY ("Marvelous Grace of our Loving Lord") and TRUST AND OBEY ("When We Walk With the Lord").
● 1850 - The Britannia Bridge across the Menai Strait between the Isle of Anglesey and the mainland of Wales is opened.
● 1856 - Georgia becomes 1st state to regulate railroads
● 1860 - Parma, Tuscany, Modena and Romagna vote in referendums to join Kingdom of Sardinia.
● 1861 - The "Stars and Bars" is adopted as the flag of the Confederate States of America.
● 1862 - Union troops under Brigadier-General Wright occupy Fernandina FL
● 1867 - An abortive Fenian uprising against English rule took place in Ireland.
● 1868 - A court of impeachment is organized in the United States Senate to hear charges against President Andrew Johnson.
● 1868 - Mefistofele, an opera by Arrigo Boito premieres at La Scala.
● 1868 - Stapler patented in England by C H Gould
● 1871 - Birth of Rosa Luxemburg (1871-1919), Samosc, Poland. Jewish Polish leader in German socialist and anti-war movements. Founded, with Karl Liebinecht, the radical Spartacus League in 1916. After the Spartacist uprising in Berlin, they were arrested and murdered by German soldiers.
● 1872 - George Westinghouse patents the air brake.
● 1877 - Rutherford B. Hayes is publicly inaugurated as the 19th President of the United States (he was privately inaugurated on March 3).
● 1879 - The first group of black so-called exodusters, en route to Kansas, arrives in St. Louis aboard the steamer Colorado. Eager to escape harsh sharecropper contracts, pass laws, imprisonment, and murder, thousands of African Americans are looking to Kansas as the promised land. Many pour onto the steamboats nearly destitute and knowing nothing about the state. Tennessee cabinetmaker "Pap" Singleton, who calls himself the Father of the Colored Exodus, prints handbills encouraging the migration. Later this year, Singleton Colony is established near what becomes Emporia, Kansas. A steamboat strike will slow the migration and, by 1881, the flood of "exodusters" is reduced to a trickle.
● 1882 - Birth of Dora Marsden (1882-1960) lives. British individualist anarchist and militant suffragette.
● 1886 - In Paris, the anarchist Charles Gallo throws a bottle of hydrocyanic acid into the Stock Exchange. The bottle does not explode, but spreads a bad smell which set off a panic. Gallo then draws randomly fired five shots with a revolver without hitting anyone.
● 1890 - Birth of writer and anarchist revolutionary B. Traven (1890-1969), Chicago. Traven kept his identity secret for years; variously reported to have been born in 1882 and in Poland, his roots were revealed to the world only upon his death. Anarchist author, aka Ret Marut, Hal Croves, Bruno Traven, Traven Torsvan, Otto Feige. Spent a portion of his life hiding his tracks, changing identity, country, and jobs. A Stirnerite anarchist, he joined the Bavarian Soviet of 1919 with Gustav Landauer and other anarchists. Escaping adeath sentence in Munich, he disappeared and eventually wound up in Mexico, formally emigrating and renouncing his U.S. citizenship in 1951. Among his internationally best-selling novels, many set among the poor of southern Mexico, the best known is "The Treasure of Sierra Madre."
● 1894 - Archibald Philip Primrose, 5th Earl of Rosebery becomes First Lord of the Treasury.
● 1894 - Seattle authorizes 1st municipal employment office in US
● 1896 - Italian Governor of Eritrea, General Baldissera, reaches Massawa
● 1896 - Italian premier Crispi resigns
● 1897 - American Negro Academy forms
● 1900 - Two U.S. battleships leave for Nicaragua to halt revolutionary disturbances.
● 1901 - Germany and Britain began negotiations with hopes of creating an alliance.
● 1902 - In France, the National Congress of Miners decided to call for a general strike for an 8-hour day.
● 1904 - Nikola Tesla, in Electrical World and Engineer, describes the process of ball lightning formation.
● 1905 - Russian troops begin to retreat from Mukden, Manchuria after losing 100,000 troops in three days.
● 1907 - 1st radio broadcast of a musical composition aired
● 1907 - The second Duma opens in St. Petersburg, Russia and 40,000 demonstrators have to be dispersed by Russian troops.
● 1908 - 1st ascent of Mount Erebus, Antarctica
● 1908 - Sir Rex Harrison, the Academy Award-winning English stage and film actor, was born.
● 1910 - In Philadelphia, PA, 60,000 people left their jobs to show support for striking transit workers.
● 1910 - The Moroccan envoy signed the 1909 agreement with France.
● 1912 - Spanish steamer "Principe de Asturias" sinks northeast of Spain, 500 die
● 1912 - The Italians became the first to use dirigibles for military purposes. They used them for reconnaissance flights behind Turkish lines west of Tripoli.
● 1915 - World War I: LZ 33, a zeppelin, is damaged by enemy fire and stranded south of Ostend.
● 1917 - First edition of "Pravda" printed.
● 1917 - Wobblies (Industrial Workers of the World, aka IWW) go on trial, Everett, Washington.
● 1917 - Woodrow Wilson is inaugurated for a second term as President of the United States.
● 1918 - Bolshevist Russia moves the national capital from Petrograd to Moscow.
● 1923 - Montana & Nevada become 1st states to enact old age pension laws
● 1924 - Computing-Tabulating-Recording Corp becomes IBM
● 1924 - King Hussein of Hedzjaz appoints himself kalief
● 1924 - Shefqet Verlaci becomes Prime Minister of Albania.
● 1927 - U.S. Marines land in China "to protect U.S. property" during a civil war there.
● 1931 - Daniel Salamanca Urey is named President of Bolivia.
● 1931 - Gandhi & British viceroy Lord Irwin sign pact
● 1933 - Germany's Nazi Party wins majority in parliament (43.9%-17.2M votes)
● 1933 - Great Depression: President Franklin D. Roosevelt declares a "bank holiday", closing all United States banks and freezing all financial transactions for a period of ten days.
● 1934 - Mother-in-law's day 1st celebrated (Amarillo TX)
● 1935 - 1st premature baby health law in US (Chicago)
● 1936 - First flight of the Supermarine Spitfire fighter airplane Type 300.
● 1937 - U.S. officially apologizes to Nazi Germany for New York Mayor LaGuardia's reference to Adolf Hitler as a "brown-shirted fanatic." {Somebody should have given the mayor a medal for straight talk and clear thinking.}
● 1940 - Members of Soviet politburo sign an order for the execution of 25,700 Polish intelligentsia, including 14,700 Polish POWs, known also as the Katyn massacre.
● 1942 - Bosnia Tito establishes 3rd Proletarit Brigade in Bosnia
● 1942 - Japanese troop march into Batavia
● 1943 - Anti fascist strikes in Italy
● 1943 - First flight of Gloster Meteor jet aircraft in the United Kingdom.
● 1943 - Germany called fifteen and sixteen year olds for military service due to war losses.
● 1943 - RAF bombs Essen Germany
● 1944 - Italian anarchist Pasquale Binazzi, 71, dies, Spezia.
● 1945 - Allies bombs The Hague, Netherlands
● 1945 - Generals Eisenhower, Patton & Patch meet in Luneville
● 1945 - US 7th Army Corps captures Cologne
● 1945 - World War II: "Battle of the Ruhr" begins.
● 1946 - Hungarian Communists and Social Democrats co-found the Left Bloc.
● 1946 - Winston Churchill uses the phrase "Iron Curtain" in his speech at Westminster College in Fulton, Missouri.
● 1948 - US rocket flies record 4800 KPH to 126k height
● 1949 - The Jharkhand Party is founded in India.
● 1951 - The religious program "Circuit Rider" debuted over ABC television. The broadcast featured music selections and biographies of evangelists, and was produced by Franklin W. Dyson.
● 1953 - Stalin dies of stroke, Moscow, USSR. Also known as the lovable/huggable "Napoleon" in George Orwell's "Animal Farm." He had been in power for 29 years.
● 1956 - US court victory for black students; The United States Supreme Court upholds a ban on racial segregation in state schools, colleges and universities.
● 1957 - British Gold Coast becomes Ghana, first independent nation of sub-Saharan Africa.
● 1957 - Eamon de Valera's Fianna Fail-party wins election in Ireland
● 1958 - Explorer 2 spacecraft launches, fails to reach Earth orbit.
● 1958 - Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region is established.
● 1958 - U.S. B-47 jettisons atomic bomb off Georgia coast after mid-air collision.
● 1959 - Iran & US sign economic & military treaty
● 1960 - Aquatic Ape Hypothesis originates when Alister Hardy publicly announces his idea that ape-human divergence may have been due to a coastal phase.
● 1962 - US performs nuclear test at Nevada Test Site
● 1963 - Country music singer Patsy Cline died in a plane crash near Camden, Tenn., at age 30.
● 1964 - Ceylon declares emergency crisis due to unrest.
● 1966 - 75 MPH air currents cause BOAC 707 crash above Mount Fuji, 124 die
● 1966 - US performs nuclear test at Nevada Test Site
● 1968 - U.S. launches Solar Explorer B, aka Explorer 37 from Wallops Island to study the Sun.
● 1969 - Gustav Heinemann elected President of West-Germany
● 1970 - 3 SDS Weathermen terrorist group bomb 18 West 11th St in New York NY
● 1970 - A nuclear non-proliferation treaty goes into effect after ratification by 43 nations. Thank Almighty we have George W. "War Criminal" to show us the error of our ways.
● 1970 - Dubnium atoms are first detected conclusively.
● 1973 - Donald DeFreeze, future Symbionese Liberation Army leader, escapes from Vacaville Prison.
● 1973 - Mid-air collision kills 68; Sixty-eight passengers and crew die when two Spanish aircraft collide in mid-air over France.
● 1974 - Yom Kippur War: Israeli forces withdraw from the west bank of the Suez Canal.
● 1976 - British pound falls below $2 U.S. for the first time.
● 1977 - U.S. President Jimmy Carter appeared on CBS News with Walter Cronkite for the first "Dial-a-President" radio talk show.
● 1978 - China adopts new constitution stressing economic development over revolutionary ideology. Retains extensive sections guaranteeing due process and freedom. (Try not to giggle.)
● 1978 - Landsat 3 is launched from Vandenberg AFB in California.
● 1979 - Earth satellites record gamma rays from remnants of supernova N-49 from the Large Magellanic Cloud, leading to the discovery of soft gamma repeaters.
● 1979 - Voyager 1's closest approach to Jupiter, 172,000 miles.
● 1981 - US government grants Atlanta $1 million to search for black boy murderer
● 1982 - Comedian John Belushi was found dead of a drug overdose at age 33.
● 1982 - Venera 14, a Soviet satellite arrives at the planet Venus.
● 1983 - Bob Hawke (Labour) defeats Australian Prime Minister Malcolm Fraser (Conservative)
● 1984 - Standard Oil of California (now Unocal) buys Gulf Oil.
● 1984 - Supreme Court (5-4); city may use public money for Nativity scene
● 1984 - US accuse Iraq of using poison gas {We should know, we sold it to them.}
● 1988 - Constitution of Turks and Caicos Islands is restored and revised.
● 1988 - Simultaneous demonstrations against nuclear "mafia," Essen, Gorleben, Frankfurt, and Regensburg, West Germany.
● 1991 - Iraq released all Gulf War prisoners and repealed its annexation of Kuwait
● 1992 - Ethics committee votes to reveal congressmen who bounced checks
● 1993 - Fokker 100 crashes at Skopje Macedonia, 81 die
● 1993 - Johnson gets life ban from athletics; Disgraced Olympic sprinter Ben Johnson is banned from athletics for life after failing a drugs test for a second time.
● 1994 - Ukraine, voluntarily agreeing to give up nuclear weapons, begins transfer of its nuclear stockpile to Russia.
● 1995 - Estonia Centrumlinkse Coalition party wins parliamentary election
● 1995 - Graves of czar Nicholas & family found in St Petersburg
● 1995 - The Free Internet Chess Server was brought online and remains operational today.
● 1997 - Representatives of North Korea and South Korea met for first time in 25 years, for peace talks in New York.
● 1998 - It was announced that Air Force Lt. Col. Eileen Collins would lead crew of Columbia on a mission to launch a large X-ray telescope. She was the first woman to command a space shuttle mission.
● 1998 - NASA announces that the Clementine probe orbiting the Moon has found enough water to support a human colony and rocket fueling station.
● 1999 - Paul Okalik is elected first Premier of Nunavut.
● 2001 - In Mecca, 35 Muslim pilgrims are crushed to death during the annual Hajj pilgrimage.
● 2001 - Santana High School shooting: A student shoots at other students at Santana High School in Santee, California, killing two and wounding thirteen.
● 2001 - Vice President Dick Cheney underwent an angioplasty for a partially blocked artery after going to a hospital with chest pains.
● 2003 - In Haifa, 17 Israeli civilians are killed by a Hamas suicide bomb in the Haifa bus 37 massacre.
● 2003 - Natalie Maines of the Dixie Chicks provokes controversy in the U.S. by stating that the band was "ashamed the president of the United States is from Texas."
● 2004 - Martha Stewart was found guilty of lying about the reason for selling 3,298 shares of ImClone Systems stock, conspiracy, making false statement and obstruction of justice.
● 2004 - The Ottawa Senators and Philadelphia Flyers set a record for most penalty minutes in one game with 419.
● 2005 - The Burkinabé Party for Democracy and Socialism holds its 1st National Convention
● 2006 - AT&T Inc. announced it was buying BellSouth Corp., a big step toward resurrecting the old Ma Bell telephone system.
BIRTHS
● 1133 - King Henry II of England (d. 1189)
● 1324 - King David II of Scotland (d. 1371)
● 1512 - Gerardus Mercator, Flemish cartographer (d. 1594)
● 1563 - John Coke, English politician (d. 1644)
● 1575 - William Oughtred, English mathematician (d. 1660)
● 1585 - John George I, Elector of Saxony (d. 1656)
● 1637 - Jan van der Heyden, Dutch painter of cityscapes (d. 1712)
● 1658 - Antoine Laumet de La Mothe, sieur de Cadillac, French explorer (d. 1730)
● 1693 - Johann Jakob Wettstein, Swiss theologian (d. 1754)
● 1696 - Giovanni Battista Tiepolo, Italian painter (d. 1770)
● 1703 (N.S.) - Vasily Kirillovich Trediakovsky, Russian poet (d. 1768)
● 1723 - Princess Mary of Great Britain (d. 1773)
● 1739 - Benjamin Ruggles Woodbridge, doctor, Massachusetts militia officer, member of the Massachusetts legislature (d. 1819)
● 1748 - Jonas C. Dryander, Swedish botanist (d. 1810)
● 1748 - William Shield, English musician (d. 1829)
● 1750 - Jean-Baptiste Gaspard d'Ansse de Villoison, French classical scholar (d. 1805)
● 1794 - Jacques Babinet, French physicist (d. 1872)
● 1794 - Robert Cooper Grier, Justice of the U.S. Supreme Court (d. 1870)
● 1814 - Wilhelm von Giesebrecht, German historian (d. 1889)
● 1815 - John Wentworth, American politician (d. 1888)
● 1817 - Austen Henry Layard, English archaeologist (d. 1894)
● 1836 - Charles Goodnight, American cattle rancher (d. 1929)
● 1852 - Lady Augusta Gregory, Irish writer and playwright (d. 1932)
● 1853 - Howard Pyle, American author and illustrator (d. 1911)
● 1867 - Louis-Alexandre Taschereau, Premier of Quebec (d. 1952)
● 1869 - Michael von Faulhaber, German cardinal and archbishop (d. 1952)
● 1870 - Frank Norris, American writer (d. 1902)
● 1871 - Rosa Luxemburg, Socialist revolutionary (d. 1919)
● 1873 - Olav Bjaaland, Norwegian explorer and cross-country skier (d. 1961)
● 1874 - Arthur Schendel, Dutch novelist and short-story writer (d. 1946)
● 1874 - Henry Travers, British actor (d. 1965)
● 1876 - Edouard Belin, French engineer and inventor (d. 1963)
● 1879 - Sir William Beveridge, British economist (d. 1963)
● 1883 - Marius Barbeau, French Canadian ethnographer and folklorist (b. 1969)
● 1886 - Dong Biwu, High-ranking member of the Communist Party of China (d. 1975)
● 1887 - Heitor Villa-Lobos, Brazilian composer (d. 1959)
● 1897 - Set Persson, Swedish communist politician (d. 1960)
● 1898 - Soong May-ling, Chinese wife of Chiang Kai-Shek (d. 2003)
● 1898 - Zhou Enlai, Premier of the People's Republic of China (d. 1976)
● 1904 - Karl Rahner, German theologian (d. 1984)
● 1908 - Irving Fiske, American writer, playwright, (d. 1990)
● 1908 - Sir Rex Harrison, English actor (d. 1990)
● 1910 - Józef Marcinkiewicz, Polish mathematician (d. 1940)
● 1914 - Philip Farkas, American horn player and teacher (d. 1992)
● 1915 - Laurent Schwartz, French mathematician (d. 2002)
● 1918 - James Tobin, American economist, Nobel laureate (d. 2002)
● 1918 - Milt Schmidt, Canadian ice hockey player, coach and manager
● 1918 - Red Storey, Canadian football player and ice hockey referee (d. 2006)
● 1920 - José Aboulker, Algerian anti-Nazi resistance fighter
● 1920 - Virginia Christine, American actress (d. 1996)
● 1921 - Elmer Valo, American baseball player (d. 1998)
● 1922 - James Noble, American actor
● 1922 - Pier Paolo Pasolini, Italian writer and film director (d. 1975)
● 1923 - David Nathan, Welsh journalist (d. 1966)
● 1923 - Laurence Tisch, American investor
● 1927 - Jack Cassidy, American actor (d. 1976)
● 1929 - Erik Carlsson, Swedish rally driver
● 1930 - Del Crandall, American baseball player
● 1931 - Barry Tuckwell, Australian horn virtuoso
● 1931 - Fred Othon Aristidès, French comics artist
● 1934 - Daniel Kahneman, Israeli economist, Nobel laureate
● 1934 - James B. Sikking, American actor
● 1936 - Canaan Banana, first President of Zimbabwe (d. 2003)
● 1936 - Dean Stockwell, American actor
● 1937 - Olusẹgun Ọbasanjọ, President of Nigeria
● 1938 - Fred Williamson, American football player and actor
● 1938 - Paul Evans, American singer and songwriter
● 1939 - Peter Woodcock, Canadian serial killer
● 1939 - Pierre Wynants, Belgian chef
● 1939 - Samantha Eggar, English actress
● 1940 - Malcolm Hebden, English actor
● 1942 - Felipe González, Prime Minister of Spain
● 1942 - Mike Resnick, American science fiction author
● 1943 - Billy Backus, American boxer
● 1944 - Lucio Battisti, Italian singer (d. 1998)
● 1944 - Roy Gutman, American journalist, Pulitzer Prize winner
● 1945 - Paschal English, American Survivor contestant
● 1946 - Michael Warren, Actor
● 1947 - Clodagh Rodgers, Irish singer
● 1947 - Eddie Hodges, American actor and singer
● 1947 - Kent Tekulve, American baseball player
● 1948 - Eddy Grant, Guyana-born singer
● 1948 - Elaine Paige, English singer and actress
● 1948 - Paquirri, Spanish bullfighter (d. 1984)
● 1948 - Richard Hickox, English musical conductor
● 1949 - Franz Josef Jung, Commander-in-chief of the German Bundeswehr
● 1951 - Giorgos Ninios, Greek actor
● 1952 - Alan Clark, English keyboardist (Dire Straits)
● 1954 - Marsha Warfield, American actress, comedienne
● 1955 - Penn Jillette, American magician and comedian
● 1956 - Adriana Barraza, Actress ("Babel")
● 1956 - Teena Marie, American singer
● 1957 - Mark E. Smith, English singer (The Fall)
● 1958 - Andy Gibb, English-born Australian singer and teen idol (d. 1988)
● 1959 - David Fury, American television writer and producer
● 1959 - Vazgen Sargsyan, Armenian politician (d. 1999)
● 1960 - David Tibet, English musician (Current 93)
● 1962 - Charlie and Craig Reid, Scottish musicians (The Proclaimers)
● 1962 - Jonathan Penner, American reality show contestant
● 1966 - Aasif Mandvi, Indian-born American actor and comedian
● 1966 - Bob Halkidis, Canadian hockey player
● 1966 - Michael Irvin, American football player
● 1969 - MC Solaar, French rapper
● 1970 - John Frusciante, American musician (Red Hot Chili Peppers)
● 1970 - Lisa Robin Kelly, American actress
● 1970 - Rome, R&B singer
● 1971 - Evil Jared Hasselhoff, American musician (Bloodhound Gang)
● 1971 - Jeffrey Hammonds, American baseball player
● 1971 - Yuri Lowenthal, American actor/author/painter
● 1972 - Luca Turilli, Italian musician (Rhapsody)
● 1973 - Ryan Franklin, American baseball player
● 1973 - Yannis Anastasiou, Greek footballer
● 1974 - Eva Mendes, American actress
● 1974 - Jens Jeremies, German footballer
● 1974 - Kevin Connolly, American television actor and comedian
● 1974 - Matt Lucas, English comedian
● 1975 - Jolene Blalock, American actress (''Enterprise'' and "Shark")
● 1975 - Luciano Burti, Brazilian racing driver
● 1975 - Niki Taylor, American model
● 1975 - Sasho Petrovski, Australian soccer player
● 1976 - Katerina Matziou, Greek actress
● 1976 - Paul Konerko, American baseball player
● 1976 - Šarūnas Jasikevičius, Lithuanian basketball player
● 1977 - Bryan Berard, American ice hockey player
● 1977 - Mike MacDougal, American baseball player
● 1977 - Wally Szczerbiak, American basketball player
● 1978 - Mike Hessman, American baseball player
● 1979 - Tang Gonghong, Chinese weightlifter
● 1981 - Andreas Wiig, Norwegian snowboarder
● 1981 - Paul Martin, American ice hockey player
● 1981 - Shugo Oshinari, Japanese actor
● 1982 - Daniel Carter, New Zealand rugby player
● 1982 - Giorgia Palmas, Italian television personality and model
● 1985 - Ken'ichi Matsuyama, Japanese actor
● 1986 - Matty Fryatt, English footballer
● 1988 - Bjarni Viðarsson, Icelandic footballer
● 1988 - Trevor Carson, Northern Irish footballer
● 1989 - Jake Lloyd, American actor (''Star Wars'' films)
DEATHS
● 1534 - Antonio da Correggio, Italian painter (b. 1489)
● 1539 - Nuno da Cunha, Portuguese governor in India (b. 1487)
● 1592 - Michael Coxcie, Flemish painter (b. 1499)
● 1611 - Shimazu Yoshihisa, Japanese warlord and samurai (b. 1533)
● 1622 - Ranuccio I Farnese, Duke of Parma (b. 1569)
● 1695 - Henry Wharton, English writer (b. 1664)
● 1726 - Evelyn Pierrepont, 1st Duke of Kingston-upon-Hull, English politician
● 1776 - Yeongjo of Joseon, ruler of Korea (b. 1694)
● 1778 - Thomas Augustine Arne, English composer (b. 1710)
● 1815 - Franz Mesmer, Austrian developer of hypnotism (b. 1734)
● 1827 - Alessandro Volta, Italian physicist (b. 1745)
● 1827 - Pierre-Simon Laplace, French mathematician (b. 1749)
● 1829 - John Adams, last surviving HMS Bounty mutineer (b. 1766)
● 1849 - David Scott, Scottish painter (b. 1806)
● 1876 - Marie d'Agoult, German-born writer (b. 1805)
● 1893 - Hippolyte Taine, French historian (b. 1828
● 1895 - Henry Rawlinson, British soldier and scholar (b. 1810)
● 1895 - Nikolai Leskov, Russian writer (b. 1831)
● 1903 - George Francis Robert Henderson, British soldier (b. 1854)
● 1907 - Friedrich Blass, German classical scholar (b. 1843)
● 1925 - Johan Jensen, Danish mathematician (b. 1859)
● 1926 - Clément Ader, French aviation pioneer (b. 1841)
● 1927 - Franz Mertens, German mathematician (b. 1840)
● 1931 - Fr. Arthur Tooth SSC, Anglican Clergyman prosecuted and imprisoned for ritualist activities (b. 1839)
● 1940 - Cai Yuanpei, Chinese educator (b. 1868)
● 1944 - Max Jacob, French poet and writer (b. 1876)
● 1945 - Lena Baker, American murderer (b. 1901)
● 1947 - Alfredo Casella, Italian composer (b. 1883)
● 1953 - Herman J. Mankiewicz, American screenwriter (b. 1897)
● 1953 - Joseph Stalin, Georgian leader of the Soviet Union (b. 1879)
● 1953 - Sergei Prokofiev, Russian composer, (b. 1891)
● 1955 - Antanas Merkys, President of Lithuania (b. 1888)
● 1963 - Cowboy Copas, American singer (b. 1913)
● 1963 - Hawkshaw Hawkins, American singer (b. 1921)
● 1963 - Patsy Cline, American singer (b. 1932)
● 1965 - Chen Cheng, Chinese politician (b. 1897)
● 1965 - Pepper Martin, American baseball player (b. 1904)
● 1966 - Anna Akhmatova, Russian poet (b. 1889)
● 1967 - Georges Vanier, Governor General of Canada (b. 1888)
● 1974 - Billy De Wolfe, American actor (b. 1907)
● 1974 - Sol Hurok, Russian-born impresario (b. 1888)
● 1977 - Jansen Van Vuuren, Dutch volunteer safety marshall at the 1977 South African Grand Prix
● 1977 - Tom Pryce, British Formula One driver (1977 South African Grand Prix)
● 1980 - Jay Silverheels, Canadian actor (b. 1912) {Tonto of "What do you mean 'WE,' white man fame.}
● 1980 - Winifred Wagner, German opera producer (b. 1897)
● 1981 - Yip Harburg, American lyricist (b. 1896)
● 1982 - John Belushi, American actor (b. 1949)
● 1984 - Tito Gobbi, Italian baritone (b. 1915)
● 1984 - William Powell, American actor (b. 1892)
● 1988 - Alberto Olmedo, Argentine comedian (b. 1933)
● 1990 - Gary Merrill, American film actor (b. 1915)
● 1993 - Cyril Collard, French author and filmmaker (b. 1957)
● 1995 - Gregg Hansford, Australian motorcycle and touring car racer (b. 1952)
● 1995 - Vivian Stanshall, English musician (Bonzo Dog Band) (b. 1943)
● 1996 - Whit Bissell, American actor (b. 1909)
● 1997 - Samm Sinclair Baker, American diet author (b. 1909)
● 1999 - Richard Kiley, American actor (b. 1922)
● 2000 - Lolo Ferrari, French actress (b. 1962)
● 2004 - Walt Gorney, American actor (b. 1912)
● 2006 - Richard Kuklinski, American Mafia hit man (b. 1935)
HOLIDAYS AND OBSERVANCES
● Roman Catholic:
● St. Adrian (died 308)
● St. Caron
● St. Carthach
● St. Ciarán Saighir, patron of the Diocese of Ossory
● St. Colman of Armagh
● St. Eusebius of Cremona
● St. Gerarda
● St. Gerasimus
● St. John-Joseph of the Cross
● St. Kieran
● St. Olivia (died 308)
● Sts. Phocas and Antioch
● St. Piran's Day - Cornwall's national day.
● St. Theophile (died 195)
● St. Virgilius of Arles
● Bl. Dionysius Fugishima
● Russian Orthodox Christian Menaion Calendar for February 22 (Civil Date: March 5)
● Opening of the Relics of Holy Martyrs at the gate of Eugenius at Constantinople.
● Martyrs Maurice and his son Photinus, and Martyrs Theodore, Philip, and 70 soldiers, at Apamea in Syria.
● Saints Thalassius, Limnaeus, and Baradates, hermits of Syria.
● St. Athanasius the confessor of Constantinople.
● St. Telesphorus, pope of Rome.
● St. Peter the Stylite of Mt. Athos.
● New-Martyr Theoktista Michailovna, fool-for-Christ of Voronezh (1936).
● New-Martyr priest Michael Lisicin (1918).
● Greek Calendar:
● Martyr Anthusa and her 12 servants.
● St. Blaise, Bishop
● Repose of "Golden Grits" (Gregory) (1855)
● Repose of Schema-nun Avramia of Kashin (1855).
● Boston MA - Boston Massacre Day (1770)
● China - Learn from Lei Feng Day
THIS IS AN ABBREVIATED POST FOR THIS DATE USING ONLY THE FOLLOWING EIGHT SOURCES. A COMPLETE POST IS PLANNED AS SOON AS TIME ALLOWS.
This Previous Day in History Post With
This Original Wikipedia List form the core of this post.
Additional facts taken from:
Information on Geov Parrish's this Day in Radical History, things that happened on this day that you never had to memorize in school.
Roman Catholic Saint of the Day
Russian Orthodox Christian Menaion Calendar
Liberal Quotes of the Day taken from The Best Liberal Quotes Ever: Why the Left Is Right Compiled by William P. Martin ©2004
Quotes from the Right of the Day taken from Take Them at Their Words: Startling, Amusing and Baffling Quotations from the GOP and Their Friends, 1994-2004 Compiled by Bruce J. Miller with Diana Maio ©2004
Dumbest Thing Said for the Day taken from 1001 Dumbest Things Ever Said Edited by Steven D. Price ©2004
Permanent Backlink to Post
Tuesday, March 04, 2008
March 4......
March 4 is the 63rd day of the year (64th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. There are 302 days remaining in the year on this date.
From 1793 - 1933, March 4 was Inauguration Day for the President of the United States. Beginning in 1937, Inauguration Day has been January 20.
Day of the week in surrounding years:
. . . .,1985,1991,1996,2002—MON—. . . .
1980,1986,. . . .,1997,2003—TUE—2008
1981,1987,1992,1998,. . . .—WED—2009
1982,. . . .,1993,1999,2004—THU—2010
1983,1988,1994,. . . .,2005—FRI—2011
. . . .,1989,1995,2000,2006—SAT—. . . .
1984,1990,. . . .,2001,2007—SUN—2012
PASCAL DATE INFORMATION
Easter Sunday for the Western Christian Church is defined as the first Sunday following the first full moon after the Spring Equinox. Lent is defined as the forty days prior to Easter not including Sundays thus Lent begins on Ash Wednesday, which is 46 days prior to Easter. Calculations for Ash Wednesday and Easter Sunday were performed for the 3774 years from 326 to 4099. For the year range 326 to 1582, dates are based on the Julian calendar. For years 1583 to 4099, dates are based on the Gregorian calendar. Ash Wednesday falls in a range of 36 days from February 4 to March 10. Easter Sunday falls in a range of 35 days from March 22 to April 25. The extra day in the Ash Wednesday range is February 29, which only occurs in leap years. February 29 only effects when Ash Wednesday occurs since it is well before the Spring Equinox and has no effect on the date for Easter Sunday. March 10 to March 21 is a twelve-day range that must occur in Lent no matter the timing of Easter Sunday. The entire range of 82 dates from February 4 to April 25 represents all dates with Pascal ramifications.
March 4 is the 30th possible date for Ash Wednesday. Ash Wednesday occurs on this date 136 times during the 3774 years calculated and is ranked 3rd/4th of the 36 dates.
It occurred on this date previously in the years:
330, 341, 352, 425, 431, 436, 515, 520, 526, 599, 610, 621, 683, 694, 705, 716, 767, 778, 789, 800, 862, 873, 884, 957, 963, 968, 1047, 1052, 1058, 1131, 1142, 1153, 1215, 1226, 1237, 1248, 1299, 1310, 1321, 1332, 1394, 1405, 1416, 1489, 1495, 1500, 1579, 1609, 1615, 1620, 1699, 1767, 1772, 1778, 1829, 1835, 1840, 1908, 1981, 1987, 1992
It will occur on this date in the future in the years:
2071, 2076, 2082, 2133, 2139, 2144, 2201, 2207, 2212, 2291, 2296, 2359, 2364, 2370, 2443, 2448, 2454, 2511, 2516, 2522, 2595, 2663, 2668, 2674, 2725, 2731, 2736, 2815, 2820, 2826, 2899, 2967, 2978, 2989, 3035, 3040, 3046, 3103, 3108, 3114, 3187, 3192, 3198, 3209, 3271, 3282, 3293, 3339, 3344, 3350, 3361, 3407, 3412, 3418, 3491, 3559, 3570, 3581, 3643, 3654, 3665, 3711, 3722, 3733, 3795, 3863, 3874, 3885, 3931, 3936, 3942, 4015, 4026, 4037, 4099
Best Liberal Quote of the Day: On Foreign Policy "Shared risks, shared burdens, shared benefits—it's not only a good motto for NATO, it's also a good prescription for America's role in the world." — Wesley Clark {This man, a former general in the US Army, is living proof that all US military are right wing wackos is a lie.}
Stupidest and/or Scariest Quote from the Right for the Day: On Do As I Say, Not As I Do "Kurt Cobain died of a drug-induced suicide, I just—he was a worthless shred of human debris." — Rush "Drug-Addled Gas Bag" Limbaugh, 4-8-94. lumberjackonliune.com.
Dumbest Thing Said for the Day: From the world of Sports "A day without newspapers is like walking around without your pants on." — Jerry Coleman was an infielder for the Yankees (what is it about the Bronx Bombers that turned out such a raft of funny speakers?), and manager of the San Diego Padres. After playing, he made his mark as a radio and TV broadcaster, where his malapropisms, non sequiturs, and other goofs became legendary. Coleman is Hall of Shame member #8.
{Disclaimer: I have attempted to give credit to the many different sources that I get entries. Any failure to do so is unintentional. Any statement enclosed by brackets like these are the opinion of the blogger, A Proud Liberal.}
MOON PHASE
Berkeley, California—Times are Pacific Standard Time (PST)
Mar 4, 2008 2:00 AM Name: Waning Crescent Percent of Full: 12% Age: 89% Rise: 4:58 AM Set: 3:04 PM
Surprise, Arizona—Times are Mountain Standard Time (MST)
Mar 4, 2008 2:00 AM Name: Waning Crescent Percent of Full: 13% Age: 88% Rise: 5:07 AM Set: 3:33 PM
Iowa City, Iowa—Times are Central Standard Time (CST)
Mar 4, 2008 2:00 AM Name: Waning Crescent Percent of Full: 13% Age: 88% Rise: 5:04 AM Set: 2:45 PM
Cambridge, Massachusetts—Times are Eastern Standard Time (EST)
Mar 4, 2008 2:00 AM Name: Waning Crescent Percent of Full: 13% Age: 88% Rise: 4:42 AM Set: 2:17 PM
NASA ASTRONOMY PICTURE OF THE DAY
NGC 6334: The Cat's Paw Nebula
Credit & Copyright: T. A. Rector (U. Alaska), T. Abbott, NOAO, AURA, NSF
Click picture to go to NASA APOD site for full explanation
EVENTS
● 51 - Nero, later to become Roman Emperor, is given the title princeps iuventutis (head of the youth).
● 303 or 304 - Martyrdom of Saint Adrian of Nicomedia.
● 852 - Croatian Duke Trpimir I issued a statute, a document with the first known written mention of the Croats name in Croatian sources.
● 932 - Translation of the relics of martyr Wenceslaus I, Duke of Bohemia, Prince of the Czechs.
● 1152 - Frederick I Barbarossa is elected King of the Germans.
● 1215 - King John of England makes an oath to the Pope as a crusader to gain the support of Innocent III.
● 1238 - The Battle of the Sit River was fought in the northern part of the present-day Yaroslavl Oblast of Russia between the Mongol Hordes of Batu Khan and the Russians under Yuri II of Vladimir-Suzdal during the Mongol invasion of Russia.
● 1275 - Chinese astronomers observe a total eclipse of the sun.
● 1351 - Ramathibodi becomes King of Siam.
● 1386 - Władysław II Jagiełło (Jogaila) was crowned King of Poland.
● 1461 - Wars of the Roses in England: Lancastrian King Henry VI is deposed by his Yorkist cousin, who then becomes King Edward IV.
● 1492 - King James IV of Scotland concludes an alliance with France against England.
● 1493 - Explorer Christopher Columbus arrives back in Lisbon, Portugal aboard his ship Niña from his discovery voyage to America. He returned to Spain on March 15.
● 1519 - Hernan Cortes arrives in Mexico in search of the Aztec civilization and their wealth.
● 1570 - King Philip II of Spain bans foreign Dutch students.
● 1590 - Mauritius of Nassau's ship reaches Breda
● 1611 - George Abbot is appointed Archbishop of Canterbury.
● 1621 - Jakarta, Java is renamed Batavia.
● 1629 - Massachusetts Bay Colony, which had the role of colonizing the Americas, is granted a Royal charter.
● 1634 - Samuel Cole opens the first tavern in Boston, Massachusetts.
● 1665 - English King Charles II declares war on The Netherlands which marked the start of the Second Anglo-Dutch War.
● 1675 - John Flamsteed appointed first Astronomer Royal of England.
● 1681 - Charles II of England grants a land charter to William Penn for the area that will later become Pennsylvania.
● 1699 - Jews are expelled from Lubeck Germany
● 1712 - Jane Wenham ("A witch and a bitch") tried for talking to her cat and for flying. The last witchcraft trial in England.
● 1738 - Moravian missionary Peter Bohler, 26, advised future English founder of Methodism John Wesley, 34: 'Preach faith until you have it; and then, because you have it, you will preach faith.'
● 1741 - English fleet under Admiral Ogle reaches Cartagena
● 1766 - The British Parliament repealed the Stamp Act, which had caused bitter and violent opposition in the U.S. colonies.
● 1774 - First sighting of Orion Nebula by William Herschel.
● 1776 - The American War of Independence: The Americans capture "Dorchester Heights" dominating the port of Boston, Massachusetts.
● 1778 - The Continental Congress voted to ratify both the Treaty of Amity and Commerce and the Treaty of Alliance with France. The two treaties were the first entered into by the United States government.
● 1789 - In New York City, the first U.S. Congress meets and declares the new Constitution of the United States is in effect (9 senators, 13 representatives).
● 1790 - France is divided into 83 départements, which cut across the former provinces in an attempt to dislodge regional loyalties based on noble ownership of land.
● 1791 - 1st Jewish member of US Congress, Israel Jacobs (Pennsylvania), takes office
● 1791 - A Constitutional Act is introduced by the British House of Commons in London which envisages the separation of Canada into Lower Canada (Quebec) and Upper Canada (Ontario).
● 1791 - President Washington calls the US Senate into its 1st special session
● 1791 - Vermont is admitted as the 14th U.S. state.
● 1792 - Oranges were introduced into Hawaii.
● 1793 - French troops conquer Geertruidenberg, Netherlands.
● 1793 - President Washington's 2nd inauguration, shortest speech (133 words)
● 1794 - The 11th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution was passed by the U.S. Congress. The Amendment limited the jurisdiction of the federal courts to automatically hear cases brought against a state by the citizens of another state. Later interpretations expanded this to include citizens of the state being sued, as well.
● 1797 - In the first ever peaceful transfer of power between elected leaders in modern times, John Adams is sworn in as President of the United States, succeeding George Washington.
● 1798 - Catholic women force to do penance for kindling sabbath fire for Jews
● 1801 - 1st President inaugurated in Washington DC (Thomas Jefferson)
● 1804 - The Battle of Vinegar Hill, colony of New South Wales (Australia), when Irish convicts (some of whom had been involved in Ireland’s Battle of Vinegar Hill in 1798) led the colony’s only significant convict uprising.
● 1804 - The British and Foreign Bible Society (BFBS) was founded at a large interdenominational meeting in London. Its purpose was "to promote the circulation of the Holy Scriptures, without note or comment, both at home and in foreign lands."
● 1809 - Madison becomes 1st President inaugurated in American-made clothes
● 1813 - Russian troops fighting the army of Napoleon reach Berlin in Germany and the French garrison evacuate the city without a fight.
● 1814 - Americans defeat the British at the Battle of Longwoods between London and Thamesville near present-day Wardsville, Ontario.
● 1824 - The "National Institution for the Preservation of Life from Shipwreck" was founded in the United Kingdom, later to be renamed The Royal National Lifeboat Institution in 1858.
● 1825 - John Quincy Adams inaugrated as 6th President
● 1826 - 1st US RR chartered, Granite Railway in Quincy MA
● 1829 - Andrew Jackson inaugurated as 7th President
● 1829 - Unruly crowd mobs White House during President Jackson inaugural ball {Jackson joined mob in drinking.}
● 1835 - HMS Beagle moves into Bay of Concepción
● 1837 - Chicago is granted a city charter by Illinois.
● 1837 - Martin Van Buren inaugrated as 8th President
● 1841 - Pres. William Henry Harrison caught a fatal cold while standing hatless in the drizzle at his own Presidential inauguration. Longest inauguration speech (8,443 words). A month later, he is the first U.S. president to die in office. {That long speech was of little help.}
● 1845 - James K Polk inaugrated as 11th President
● 1848 - Carlo Alberto di Savoia signs the Statuto Albertino that will later represent the first constitution of the Regno d'Italia
● 1849 - Zachary Taylor refuses to be sworn in office as 12th President of the United States on a Sabbath (Sunday). Urban legend instead holds that the office of President of the United States is vacant for a single day and that David Rice Atchison, President pro tempore of the United States Senate was President de jure that day. However, Taylor was president despite not taking the oath.
● 1850 - Future statesman James A. Garfield, at age 18, was "buried with Christ in baptism." Thirty-one years, to the day! after his conversion, Garfield took the oath of office as 20th President of the United States.
● 1853 - An oncoming mail train shatters the rear car of a stalled Pennsylvania Railroad emigrant train in the Allegheny Mountains near Mount Union, Pennsylvania, killing seven. This was the highest single U.S. accident toll up to this time.
● 1853 - Pope Pius IX recovers Roman Catholic hierarchy in Netherlands.
● 1853 - William Rufus de Vane King (D) sworn in as 13th US Vice President
● 1859 - Charter of the French Opera House in New Orleans is granted, which opens on December 1 of the same year with a gala performance of Rossini's "William Tell".
● 1861 - Confederate States adopt "Stars and Bars" flag, on the same day that Abraham Lincoln is inaugurated as 16th President of the United States.
● 1861 - Lincoln inaugurated as 16th President; 1st time US has 5 former Presidents living
● 1861 - President Lincoln opens Government Printing Office.
● 1863 - Battle of Thompson's Station, Tennessee
● 1863 - Territory of Idaho established.
● 1865 - President Lincoln inaugurated for his 2nd term as President
● 1865 - Third (and last) national flag of the Confederate States of America adopted.
● 1869 - Ulysses Grant inaugurated as 18th President
● 1876 - US Congress decides to impeach Minister of War Belknap
● 1877 - Emile Berliner invents the microphone.
● 1880 - New York Daily Graphic publishes the first half-tone engraving.
● 1881 - California becomes 1st state to pass plant quarantine legislation
● 1881 - Eliza Ballou Garfield became the first mother of a U.S. President to live in the executive mansion.
● 1881 - James A Garfield inaugurated as 20th President
● 1881 - South African President Kruger accepts ceasefire
● 1882 - Birth of Joseph Spivak, Uman, Russia. Lifelong anarchist who emigrated to the U.S. and during WWI was actively involved around the country in anti-militarist campaigns with Emma Goldman and Alexander Berkman.
● 1882 - Britain's first electric trams run in East London.
● 1885 - Grover Cleveland inaugurated as 1st Democratic President since Civil War
● 1887 - 23-year-old William Randolph Hearst buys the San Francisco Examiner, and starts to build the Hearst newspaper empire.
● 1887 - Gottlieb Daimler unveils his first automobile which he test runs in Esslingen and Cannstatt, Germany.
● 1888 - Knute Rockne, who changed the strategy of football as coach at Notre Dame, was born.
● 1889 - Benjamin Harrison inaugurated as 23rd President, he is the grandson of William Henry Harrison, president for 30 days forty-eight years earlier.
● 1890 - The longest bridge in the United Kingdom, the Forth Bridge (railway) (1,710 ft) in Scotland is opened by the Prince of Wales, who later became King Edward VII.
● 1891 - The International Copyright Act, halting the piracy of British, Belgium, French, and Swiss books by U.S. publishers, is passed by Congress.
● 1893 - Congo Free State: The army of Francis, Baron Dhanis attacks the Lualaba, enabling him to transport his troops across the Upper Congo and, capture Nyangwe almost without an effort.
● 1893 - Grover Cleveland (D) inaugrated as 24th US President (2nd term). He is only man to serve non-consecutive terms as president.
● 1894 - Great fire in Shanghai. Over 1,000 buildings are destroyed.
● 1897 - William McKinley inaugurated as 25th President of US
● 1899 - Cyclone Mahina sweeps in north of Cooktown, Queensland, with a 12 m wave that reaches up to 5 km inland - over 300 dead.
● 1901 - 1st advanced copy of inaugural speech (Jefferson-National Intelligencer)
● 1901 - President William McKinley inaugurated for 2nd term as President
● 1901 - Term of George H White, last of post-Reconstruction congressmen, ends
● 1902 - In Chicago, the American Automobile Association is established.
● 1904 - Russo-Japanese War: Russian troops in Korea retreat toward Manchuria followed by 100,000 Japanese troops.
● 1905 - Theodore Roosevelt was sworn in for his second term (first full term, he became president after McKinley was assassinated shortly after inauguration in 1901) as president.
● 1906 - Rosa Luxemburg is arrested and imprisoned at the Warsaw Citadel for revolutionary activities in Warsaw.
● 1907 - Louis Botha is appointed Prime Minister of the Transvaal, South Africa.
● 1908 - France notified signatories of Algeciras that it would send troops to Chaouia, Morocco.
● 1908 - The Collinwood School Fire, Collinwood near Cleveland, Ohio, kills 174 people.
● 1908 - The New York board of education banned the act of whipping students in school.
● 1909 - President Taft inaugrated as 27th President during 10" snowstorm
● 1909 - President William Taft approves Congressional Gold Medals for the Wright brothers.
● 1909 - US prohibits interstate transportation of game birds
● 1910 - Industrial Workers of the World (IWW) begins Spokane, Wash. free speech fight (which they win).
● 1911 - Victor Berger (Wisconsin) becomes the first socialist congressman in U.S..
● 1912 - Suffragettes, walking single file in Knightsbridge, London, smash every window they pass to protest government inaction.
● 1913 - First U.S. law regulating the shooting of migratory birds passed.
● 1913 - The United States Department of Commerce and United States Department of Labor are established by splitting the duties of the 10-year-old Department of Commerce and Labor.
● 1913 - Woodrow Wilson inaugurated as 28th President
● 1914 - Doctor Fillatre successfully separated Siamese twins.
● 1917 - Grand Duke Michael Alexandrovich of Russia's renunciation of the throne is made public, and Tsar Nicholas II of Russia publicly issues his abdication manifesto. The victory of the February Revolution.
● 1917 - Jeannette Rankin of Montana, first U.S. Congresswoman, begins term. Rankin becomes the only Congressperson to vote against U.S. entry into both World Wars. Well into her advanced years, she also led protests against the war in Vietnam.
● 1918 - Terek Autonomous Republic established in RSFSR (until 1921)
● 1920 - Last day of Julian civil calendar in Greece
● 1921 - E. M. Forster sets out on a passage to India to assume his duties as secretary to the Maharaja of the state of Dewas Senior.
● 1921 - Hot Springs National Park created in Arkansas.
● 1922 - Tippeerary, Ireland gas workers seize their plant, hoist red flag.
● 1923 - Lenin's last article about Red bureaucracy was published in Pravda.
● 1925 - Calvin Coolidge becomes the first President of the United States to have his inauguration broadcast on radio.
● 1925 - Swain's Island (near American Samoa) annexed by US
● 1926 - The government of Dirk Jan de Geer takes office in The Netherlands.
● 1929 - Charles Curtis becomes the first native-American Vice President.
● 1929 - Herbert Hoover inaugurated as 31st President
● 1930 - Blaze levels hangar at Atlanta Airport, destroying twenty aircraft
● 1930 - Coolidge Dam in Arizona dedicated
● 1930 - Terrible floods ransack Languedoc and the surrounds in south-west France, resulting in twelve departments being submerged by water and causing the death of over 700 people.
● 1931 - The British Viceroy of India, Governor-General Edward Frederick Lindley Wood and Mohandas Gandhi (Mahatma Gandhi) meet to sign an agreement envisaging the release of political prisoners and allowing that salt is freely used by the poorest layers of the population.
● 1933 - Bertha Wilson is appointed as first woman to sit on the Supreme Court of Canada.
● 1933 - FDR inaugrated as 32nd President, pledges to pull US out of Depression & says "We have nothing to fear but fear itself"
● 1933 - Frances Perkins becomes United States Secretary of Labor, first female member of the United States Cabinet.
● 1933 - The Parliament of Austria is suspended because of a quibble over procedure - Chancellor Engelbert Dollfuss initiates authoritarian rule by decree.
● 1936 - First flight of airship Hindenburg, Germany.
● 1937 - UAW workers win sit-down strike victory in Flint, Michigan, forcing General Motors to recognize them. The 40-day action at Fisher Body Plant Number One had become the longest sit-down strike in history. Employees inside were protected by 5,000 armed workers circling the plant. After police tear-gassed attacks, workers fought back with firehoses. The gunfire wounded 13 workers, but the police were driven back. By the time the National Guard arrived, the strike had spread to GM plants across the nation.
● 1941 - 18 Geuzen resistance fighters sentenced to death in The Hague
● 1941 - Adolf Hitler applies pressure on Yugoslavia to join the Tripartite Pact during visit by Serbian Prince Paul.
● 1941 - The United Kingdom launches Operation Claymore on the Lofoten Islands, during World War II.
● 1942 - Birth of Gloria Gaither, wife of songwriter Bill Gaither, and female vocalist in the Bill Gaither Trio. Gloria is also co-author of the contemporary Christian songs, "Because He Lives," "Something Beautiful" and "The King is Coming."
● 1943 - Transport number 50 departs with French Jews to Maidanek/Sobibor
● 1944 - First U.S. daylight bombing of Berlin and Anti-Germany strikes in northern Italy.
● 1944 - In Ossining, New York, Louis Buchalter, the leader of 1930s crime syndicate Murder, Inc., is executed at Sing Sing.
● 1945 - In the United Kingdom, Princess Elizabeth, later to become Queen Elizabeth II, joins the British Army as a driver.
● 1945 - Lapland War: Finland declares war on Nazi Germany.
● 1946 - C.G.E. Mannerheim resigns from the post of President of Finland.
● 1946 - Canada reported that it had uncovered a spy ring that had been organized by the Soviet Embassy in Ottawa. All four people accused admitted to being involved.
● 1946 - The United States, France and the United Kingdom launch a call with the Spaniards in favour of the inversion of the pro-Franco mode.
● 1947 - France and Britain signed an alliance treaty.
● 1948 - The first American civilian (Herbert Henry Hoover) flies at supersonic speeds in Bell X-1 in Muroc, California.
● 1949 - Andrei Vishinsky succeeds Molotov as Soviet Foreign minister
● 1949 - Security Council of United Nations recommends membership for Israel.
● 1952 - U.S. President Harry Truman dedicated the "Courier," the first seagoing radio broadcasting station.
● 1954 - JE Wilkins, appointed 1st Black US sub-cabinet member
● 1954 - Peter Bent Brigham Hospital in Boston, Massachusetts, announces the first successful kidney transplant.
● 1954 - U.S. warns Latin America against international communism.
● 1955 - First radio facsimile transmission is sent across the continent of America.
● 1957 - The S&P 500 stock market index is introduced, replacing the S&P 90.
● 1959 - U.S. Pioneer 4 misses Moon and becomes the second (U.S. first) artificial planet.
● 1960 - French freighter 'La Coubre' explodes in Havana, Cuba killing 100. Fidel Castro blames the U.S. {Fidel also "Remember(s) the Maine"}
● 1960 - It is revealed, in connection with the current congressional investigation into payola, that FCC Chairman John Doerfer took a six-day trip to Florida courtesy of Storer Broadcasting.
● 1961 - Paul-Henri Spaak resigns as Secretary-General of NATO
● 1962 - United States Atomic Energy Commission announces that the first atomic power plant at McMurdo Station in Antarctica is in operation.
● 1963 - In Paris six people are sentenced to death for conspiring to assassinate President Charles de Gaulle.
● 1964 - Jimmy Hoffa, President of the Teamsters, is convicted by a Federal jury of tampering with a Federal jury.
● 1966 - Canadian Pacific Air Lines DC-8-43 explodes on landing at Tokyo International Airport, killing 64 people.
● 1966 - London's "Evening Standard" newspaper published an interview with Beatle John Lennon in which he remarked: 'Christianity will... vanish and shrink... We're more popular than Jesus Christ right now.' The quote touched off a storm of international protest, resulting in burnings and boycotts of the Beatles' records.
● 1967 - The first North Sea gas is pumped ashore at Easington, County Durham by BP (British Petroleum).
● 1968 - Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. announces he will lead a Poor People's March on Washington in April.
● 1968 - Orbiting Geophysical Observatory 5 launched
● 1969 - Kray twins guilty of McVitie murder; The Kray twins, Ronald and Reginald, face life sentences after being found guilty of murder at the Central Criminal Court.
● 1969 - S.S. Yukon, carrying 150,000 barrels of oil, hits a submerged object and spilled its cargo into Cook Inlet, Alaska.
● 1969 - Union of Concerned Scientists founded.
● 1970 - French submarine Eurydice explodes.
● 1970 - Puerto Rican student killed by police during a demonstration against the Vietnam War.
● 1971 - "City Command" kidnaps 4 US military men at Ankara, Turkey
● 1972 - A Libyan-Soviet accord is agreed for the development of Libyan oil reserves.
● 1972 - Last train run between Penrith to Keswick UK
● 1972 - Two killed, 136 injured by IRA bomb in restaurant, Belfast, Northern Ireland.
● 1974 - Harold Wilson becomes British Prime Minister following the resignation of his predecessor Edward Heath.
● 1974 - The Rio-Niterói Bridge connecting the cities of Rio de Janeiro and Niterói in Brazil is opened.
● 1975 - Comic genius Chaplin is knighted; Silent film legend Charlie Chaplin has become Sir Charles after a ceremony at Buckingham Palace.
● 1975 - The first television coverage of a Canadian parliamentary committee is broadcast.
● 1976 - The Maguire Seven are found guilty of the offence of possessing explosives and are subsequently jailed for 14 years. Their convictions are later quashed.
● 1976 - The Northern Ireland Constitutional Convention is formally dissolved in Northern Ireland resulting in direct rule of Northern Ireland from London via the British parliament.
● 1977 - First CRAY 1 supercomputer shipped, to Los Alamos Laboratories, New Mexico.
● 1977 - The 1977 Bucharest Earthquake in southern and eastern Europe kills more than 1,500.
● 1978 - Chicago Daily News, founded in 1875, publishes its last issue.
● 1978 - Forty thousand demonstrate against uranium enrichment plant, Almelo, Netherlands.
● 1979 - The first encyclical written by Pope John Paul II, Redemptor Hominis (Latin for "The Redeemer of Man") is promulgated less than five months after his installation as pope.
● 1979 - The Ugandan capital of Kampala is threatened by invading Tanzanian forces.
● 1979 - U.S. Voyager I photo reveals Jupiter's rings.
● 1980 - Nationalist leader Robert Mugabe wins a sweeping election victory to become Zimbabwe's first black prime minister.
● 1982 - NASA launches "Intelsat V".
● 1985 - STS 51-E vehicle rolls back to Vandenberg AFB; mission cancelled
● 1985 - The Food and Drug Administration approves a blood test for AIDS, used since then for screening all blood donations in the United States.
● 1985 - U.S. Supreme Court upholds right of Oneida nation of New York to sue for lands illegally taken in 1795.
● 1985 - Virtual ban on leaded gas ordered by EPA
● 1986 - Launch of the UK's Today tabloid newspaper (now defunct), pioneering the use of computer photosetting and full-colour offset printing at a time when British national newspapers are still using Linotype machines and letterpress.
● 1987 - U.S. President Ronald Reagan addresses the American nation on the Iran-Contra Affair, acknowledging his overtures to Iran had “deteriorated” into an arms-for-hostages deal.
● 1988 - Building of the Louvre Pyramid begins at the Napoleon court of the Louvre, in Paris, France.
● 1989 - Eastern Airlines machinists strike
● 1989 - Six people die and 80 are injured, some of them seriously, at the Purley Station rail crash in Surrey, England.
● 1990 - Space Shuttle program: STS-36 (Space Shuttle Atlantis) U.S. 65th manned space mission returns from space.
● 1991 - Bank of Credit and Commerce International divests itself of First American National Bank.
● 1991 - In Iraq, Saddam Hussein releases 6 U.S., 3 British and 1 Italian prisoners of war.
● 1991 - Most primitive form of World Wide Web is put online.
● 1991 - Sheik Saad Al-Abdallah Al-Salim Al-Sabah, the Prime Minister of Kuwait, returned to his country for the first time since Iraq's invasion. {All the government heads fled well ahead of Iraq's troops but those who stay and resist are branded the cowards and the fleers, heroes.}
● 1991 - The Soviet parliament in Moscow, Russia ratifies a six-nation treaty on German unification.
● 1993 - Authorities announced the arrest of Mohammad Salameh. He was later convicted for his role in the World Trade Center Bombing in New York City.
● 1994 - Bosnia's Croats and Moslems sign an agreement to form a federation in a loose economic union with Croatia.
● 1994 - Four terrorists are convicted for their roles in the World Trade Center bombing which killed six and injured more than a thousand. {This is four more than have been convicted of participation in the attacks on September 11, 2001.}
● 1994 - Space shuttle STS-62 (Columbia 16) launches into orbit.
● 1995 - Blind teenage boy receives a 'Bionic Eye' at a Washington Hospital
● 1996 - A train carrying propane and sodium hydroxide derails in Weyauwega, Wisconsin and catches fire. 2,200 homes near the accident site are evacuated for 16 days.
● 1996 - Comet Hyakutake was imaged by the USA Asteroid Orbiter NEAR, (Near Earth Asteroid Rendezvous).
● 1997 - Brazil Senate allows women to wear slacks
● 1997 - Comet Hale-Bopp flies directly above the Sun (1.04 AU).
● 1997 - US President Bill Clinton bans federally funded human cloning research.
● 1997 - Zeya Start-1 launched (Russia)
● 1998 - Ford sued for compensation for using 10,000 slave laborers supplied by Hitler's regime.
● 1998 - Gay rights: Oncale v. Sundowner Offshore Services: The Supreme Court of the United States rules that federal laws banning on-the-job sexual harassment also apply when both parties are the same sex.
● 1998 - Government, naval and university computers running Windows NT across the United States crash as a result of a hacker. The crash affects computers running at MIT, Northwestern University, the University of Minnesota, and the University of California campuses at Berkeley, Irvine, Los Angeles, and San Diego. Microsoft repaired the software that apparently allowed hackers to shut down computers in government and university offices nationwide.
● 1999 - In a military court, Captain Richard Ashby of the United States Marines is acquitted of the charge of reckless flying which resulted in the deaths of 20 skiers in the Italian Alps when his low-flying jet hit a gondola cable. {One might wonder why he wasn't tried in an Italian court!}
● 1999 - Monica Lewinsky's book about her affair with U.S. President Clinton went on sale in the U.S.
● 1999 - Retired Supreme Court Justice Harry A. Blackmun, who wrote the 1973 decision that legalized abortion, died in Arlington, Va., at age 90.
● 2001 - A massive car bomb explodes in front of the BBC Television Centre in London, seriously injuring 11 people. The attack was attributed to the Real IRA.
● 2001 - Hintze Ribeiro disaster, a bridge collapses in northern Portugal, killing up to 70 people.
● 2001 - Switzerland and the European Union: Swiss voters overwhelmingly reject a proposal for immediate membership talks with the European Union.
● 2002 - Canada bans human embryo cloning but permits government-funded scientists to use embryos left over from fertility treatment or abortions.
● 2002 - The moderate leader albanophone Ibrahim Rugova is elected President of Kosovo by the Parliament of the Serb province that had been under international control since 1999.
● 2002 - U.S. Attack on Afghanistan: Seven American Special Operations Forces soldiers are killed as they attempt to infiltrate the Shahi Kot Valley on a low-flying helicopter reconnaissance mission.
● 2003 - In the Indian-controlled portion of Kashmir, at least 9 people are killed and 52 are injured when a bus falls into a deep gorge.
● 2003 - In the southern Philippines, a bomb hidden in a backpack explodes and kills 21 people at an airport in Davao City.
● 2004 - The files of Supreme Court Justice Harry Blackmun are released to the public five years after his death.
● 2004 - The guilty verdict for Moroccan al-Qaeda suspect Mounir el Motassadeq's involvement in the September 11, 2001 attacks is overturned by the German appeals court, which orders a retrial.
● 2005 - Martha Stewart, imprisoned for five months for her role in a stock scandal, left federal prison to start five months of home confinement.
● 2005 - The car of released Italian hostage Giuliana Sgrena is fired on by US soldiers in Iraq, causing the death of an Italian Secret Service Agent and injuring two passengers including Sgrena herself.
● 2005 - United Nations warns that about 90 million Africans could be infected by the HIV virus in the future without further action against the spread of the disease. {This number is called into question because the standards for an AIDS diagnosis in Africa radically different than the rest of world, no screening for antibodies is performed and suffering from things like the flu will qualify one for an AIDS diagnosis.}
● 2006 - A new species of shark, Mustelus hacat, is discovered in Mexico's Sea of Cortez, bringing the number of Mustelus species found in the eastern North Pacific to 5.
● 2006 - Final contact attempt with Pioneer 10 by the Deep Space Network. No response was received.
● 2006 - Prince Sverre Magnus of Norway is christened by Bishop Ole Christian Kvarme at the chapel inside the Royal Palace, Oslo.
● 2006 - The central Papeete power station is damaged by a fire, resulting in limited power for some areas of Tahiti for a couple of weeks.
● 2007 - Estonian parliamentary election: Approximately 30,000 voters take advantage of electronic voting in Estonia, the world's first nationwide voting where part of the votecasting is allowed in the form of remote electronic voting via the Internet.
● 2007 - The first of two total lunar eclipses in 2007, observed during the early hours (penumbral eclipse ending 02:23:44 UT), was unique in that it was partly visible from every continent around the world.
BIRTHS
● 1188 - Blanche of Castile, wife of Louis VIII of France (d. 1252)
● 1394 - Henry the Navigator, Portuguese sponsor of voyages of exploration (d. 1460)
● 1492 - Francesco de Layolle, Italian composer (d. c.1540)
● 1525 - Giovanni Pierluigi da Palestrina, Italian composer of Renaissance music (d. 1594)
● 1610 - William Dobson, English portraitist and painter (d. 1646)
● 1651 - John Somers, 1st Baron Somers (d. 1716)
● 1665 - Philip Christoph von Königsmarck, Swedish soldier (d. 1694)
● 1678 - Antonio Vivaldi, Italian composer (d. 1741)
● 1702 - Jack Sheppard, English burglar and escapee (d. 1724)
● 1706 - Lauritz de Thurah, Danish architect and architectural writer (d. 1759)
● 1715 - James Waldegrave, 2nd Earl Waldegrave, British statesman (d. 1763)
● 1719 - George Pigot, Baron Pigot, British governor of Madras (d. 1777)
● 1745 - Charles Dibdin, English composer (d.1814)
● 1746 - Kazimierz Pułaski, American Revolutionary War general (d. 1779)
● 1756 - Sir Henry Raeburn, Scottish painter (d. 1823)
● 1781 - Rebecca Gratz, American educator and philanthropist (d. 1869)
● 1782 - Johann Rudolf Wyss, Swiss folklorist (d. 1830)
● 1792 - Samuel Slocum, American inventor (d. 1861)
● 1793 - Karl Lachmann, German philologist (d. 1851)
● 1817 - Edwards Pierrepont, American statesman, jurist and lawyer; 34th United States Attorney General (d. 1892)
● 1819 - Charles Oberthur, German-born harpist (d. 1895)
● 1822 - Jules Antoine Lissajous, French mathematician (d. 1880)
● 1826 - John Buford, American Civil War Union cavalry officer (d. 1863)
● 1826 - Theodore Judah, American railroad engineer (d. 1863)
● 1835 - John Hughlings Jackson, English neurologist (d. 1911)
● 1847 - Karl Bayer, Austrian chemist (d. 1904)
● 1854 - Sir Napier Shaw, British meteorologist (d. 1945)
● 1856 - Alfred William Rich, English painter (d. 1921)
● 1856 - Toru Dutt, English and French poet and author (d. 1877)
● 1859 - Alexander Stepanovich Popov, Russian physicist (d. 1905)
● 1862 - Jacob Robert Emden, Swiss astrophysicist and meteorologist (d. 1940)
● 1863 - Guilląme Furrét, Portuguese playwright and political activist (d. 1937)
● 1863 - John Henry Wigmore, American jurist and expert in the law of evidence (d. 1943)
● 1863 - Reginald Innes Pocock, British zoologist (d. 1947)
● 1864 - David Watson Taylor, U.S. Navy architect (d. 1940)
● 1870 - Thomas Sturge Moore, English poet (d. 1944)
● 1871 - Boris Galerkin, Russian mathematician (d. 1945)
● 1873 - Guy Wetmore Carryl, American humorist and poet (d. 1904)
● 1873 - John H. Trumbull, 54th Governor of the U.S. state of Connecticut (d. 1961)
● 1875 - Enrique Larreta, Argentine novelist (d. 1961)
● 1875 - Mihály Károlyi, former Prime Minister of Hungary and President of Hungary (d. 1955)
● 1876 - Léon-Paul Fargue, French poet (d. 1947)
● 1876 - Theodore Hardeen, Magician and stunt performer, founder of the Magician's Guild (d. 1945)
● 1877 - Alexander Fyodorovich Gedike, Russian composer (d. 1957)
● 1877 - Fritz Graebner, German ethnologist (d. 1934)
● 1877 - Garrett Morgan, American inventor (d. 1963)
● 1878 - Arishima Takeo, Japanese novelist, short-story writer and essayist (d. 1923)
● 1878 - Egbert Van Alstyne, American songwriter and pianist (d. 1951)
● 1878 - Peter D. Ouspensky, Russian philosopher (d. 1947)
● 1879 - Josip Murn Aleksandrov, Slovenian poet (d. 1901)
● 1880 - Channing Pollock, American playwright and critic (d. 1946)
● 1881 - Maude Fealy, American actor (d. 1971)
● 1881 - Richard C. Tolman, American mathematical physicist (d. 1948)
● 1881 - Thomas Sigismund Stribling, American writer (d. 1965)
● 1881 - Todor Aleksandrov, 19th century Bulgarian revolutionary (d. 1924)
● 1882 - Nicolae Titulescu, Romanian diplomat, government minister, and former President of the League of Nations (d. 1941)
● 1883 - Sam Langford, Canadian boxer (d. 1956)
● 1884 - Red Murray, American professional baseball player (d. 1958)
● 1886 - Paul Bazelaire, French cellist (d. 1958)
● 1887 - Violet MacMillan, American Broadway theatre actress (d. 1953)
● 1888 - Jeff Pfeffer, American professional baseball pitcher (d. 1972)
● 1888 - Knute Rockne, American football player and coach (d. 1931)
● 1889 - Oren E. Long, 10th Territorial Governor of Hawai'i (d. 1965)
● 1889 - Oscar Chisini, Italian mathematician (d. 1967)
● 1889 - Pearl Fay White, American actress (d. 1938)
● 1889 - Pearl White, American actress (d. 1938)
● 1891 - Dazzy Vance, American Major League Baseball pitcher (d. 1961)
● 1891 - Lois Wilson, founder of Al-Anon (d. 1988) {Wife of Bill Wilson co-founder of AA}
● 1895 - Bjarne Brustad, Norwegian violinist (d. 1978)
● 1895 - Milt Gross, American comic book illustrator (d. 1953)
● 1895 - Shemp Howard, American comedian (Three Stooges) (d. 1955)
● 1897 - Lefty O'Doul, American baseball player (d. 1969)
● 1898 - Georges Dumézil, French philologist (d. 1940)
● 1899 - Emilio Prados, Spanish poet and editor (d. 1962)
● 1900 - Herbert Biberman, American screenwriter (d. 1971)
● 1901 - Charles Goren, American bridge player and writer (d. 1991)
● 1901 - Jean Joseph Rabearivelo, Malagasy/French poet (d. 1937)
● 1903 - Dorothy Mackaill, British-born actress (d. 1990)
● 1903 - John Scarne, American magician (d. 1985)
● 1903 - Luis Carrero Blanco, Spanish statesman (d. 1973)
● 1903 - William C. Boyd, American immunochemist (d. 1983)
● 1904 - Chief Tahachee, American-born Old Settler Cherokee Indian stage and film actor (d. 1978)
● 1904 - George Gamow, Ukrainian-born physicist (d. 1968)
● 1904 - Joseph Schmidt Austrian-Hungarian tenor and actor (d. 1942)
● 1906 - Charles Rudolph Walgreen, Jr., American businessman (d. 2007)
● 1906 - Georges Ronsse, Belgian national cyclo-cross and world champion road bicycle racer (d. 1969)
● 1906 - Meindert DeJong American author (d. 1991)
● 1907 - Eleanor "Sis" Daley, wife of Chicago mayor Richard J. Daley (d. 2003)
● 1908 - T.R.M. Howard, American civil rights leader (d. 1976)
● 1909 - Harry Helmsley, American real estate entrepreneur (d. 1997)
● 1912 - Afro Basaldella, Italian painter (d. 1976)
● 1912 - Carl Marzani, American documentarian (d. 1994)
● 1912 - Judith Furse, British character actress (d. 1974)
● 1913 - John Garfield, American actor (d. 1952)
● 1913 - Taos Amrouche, Algerian writer and singer (d. 1976)
● 1913 - Willie Johnson, American guitarist (d. 1995)
● 1914 - Gino Colaussi (Luigi Colaussi), Italian footballer (d. 1991)
● 1914 - Robert R. Wilson, American physicist, sculptor and architect (d. 2000)
● 1914 - Ward Kimball, American cartoonist (d. 2002)
● 1915 - Carlos Surinach, Spanish composer (d. 1997)
● 1916 - Giorgio Bassani, Italian writer (d. 2000)
● 1916 - Hans Eysenck, German-born psychologist (d. 1997)
● 1916 - William Alland, American actor, producer, writer and director (d. 1997)
● 1917 - Clyde McCullough, American baseball player (d. 1982)
● 1918 - Margaret Osborne duPont, American tennis player
● 1919 - Buck Baker, American racecar driver (d. 2002)
● 1920 - Alan MacNaughtan, Scottish actor (d. 2002)
● 1920 - Jean Lecanuet, French politician (d. 1993)
● 1921 - Dinny Pails, Australian tennis player
● 1921 - Halim El-Dabh, Egyptian-born composer
● 1921 - Joan Greenwood, English actress (d. 1987)
● 1921 - Wilson Harris, Guyanese writer
● 1922 - Dina Pathak (Deena Pathak), Veteran Gujarati theatre and film actress (d. 2002)
● 1922 - Martha O'Driscoll, American film actress (d. 1998)
● 1922 - Richard E. Cunha, American cinematographer and film director (d. 2005)
● 1923 - Sir Patrick Moore, British astronomer
● 1924 - Kenneth O'Donnell, Aide to US President John F. Kennedy (d. 1977)
● 1925 - Paul Mauriat, French musician (d. 2006)
● 1926 - Don Rendell, English jazz musician and arranger
● 1926 - Fran Warren, American singer
● 1926 - James J. Eagan, Former Mayor of Florissant, Missouri (d. 2000)
● 1926 - Pascual Pérez, Argentine flyweight boxer (d. 1977)
● 1926 - Richard DeVos, American billionaire, co-founder of Amway
● 1927 - Cy Touff, American jazz musician (d. 2003)
● 1927 - Dick Savitt, American tennis player
● 1927 - Philip Batt, 29th Governor of the U.S. state of Idaho
● 1927 - Robert Orben, American magician
● 1927 - Thayer David, American actor (d. 1978)
● 1928 - Alan Sillitoe, English writer
● 1928 - Samuel Adler, American composer
● 1929 - Bernard Haitink, Dutch conductor
● 1929 - Josep Mestres Quadreny, Catalan composer
● 1931 - Alice Rivlin, American economist
● 1931 - Bob Johnson, American ice hockey coach (d. 1991)
● 1931 - Wally Bruner, American journalist and television host (d. 1997)
● 1931 - William Henry Keeler, American Roman Catholic Archbishop and Cardinal
● 1932 - Ed "Big Daddy" Roth, American car designer (d. 2001)
● 1932 - Frank Wells, American entertainment businessman (d. 1994)
● 1932 - Miriam Makeba, South African singer
● 1932 - Ryszard Kapuściński, Polish journalist (d. 2007)
● 1933 - Ann Burton, Dutch jazz singer (d. 1989)
● 1933 - John W Mills, British sculptor
● 1933 - Nino Vaccarella, former Italian sports car racing and Formula One driver
● 1934 - Anne Haney, American actress (d. 2001)
● 1934 - Barbara McNair, American singer and actress (d. 2007)
● 1934 - Gleb Yakunin, Russian priest and dissident
● 1934 - Janez Strnad, Slovenian physicist
● 1934 - John Duffey, American bluegrass musician (d. 1996)
● 1934 - Mario Davidovsky, Argentinian composer
● 1935 - Bent Larsen, Danish chess player
● 1935 - Nancy Whiskey, Scottish folk singer (d. 2003)
● 1936 - Aribert Reimann, German composer
● 1936 - Jim Clark, OBE, Scottish racing driver and two-time F1 world champion (d. 1968)
● 1937 - Barney Wilen, French jazz saxophonist (d. 1996)
● 1937 - Graham Dowling, New Zealand cricketer
● 1937 - Leslie Gelb, American foreign policy advisor
● 1937 - Yuri Senkevich, Russian cosmonaut (d. 2003)
● 1938 - Adam Daniel Rotfeld, Polish diplomat and researcher
● 1938 - Angus MacLise, American percussionist (d. 1979)
● 1938 - Don Perkins, American football player
● 1938 - Paula Prentiss, American actress
● 1939 - Carlos Vereza, Brazilian actor
● 1939 - Jack Fisher, American baseball player
● 1939 - Paula Prentiss, American actress
● 1940 - Volodymyr Morozov, Ukrainian flatwater canoer
● 1941 - Adrian Lyne, English film director
● 1941 - Bobby Shew, American jazz musician
● 1941 - John Aprea, American actor
● 1942 - Charles C. Krulak, 31st Commandant of the U.S. Marine Corps
● 1942 - David Matthews, American keyboardist, pianist, and arranger
● 1942 - Gloria Gaither, American gospel songwriter
● 1943 - Lucio Dalla, Italian singer and songwriter
● 1943 - Zoltan Jeney, Hungarian composer
● 1944 - Bobby Womack, American singer
● 1944 - Harvey Postlethwaite, English engineer and race car designer (d. 1999)
● 1944 - Ulrich Roski, German singer-songwriter (d. 2003)
● 1945 - Dieter Meier, Swiss singer
● 1945 - Gary Williams, American basketball coach
● 1945 - Tara Browne, British socialite (d. 1966)
● 1945 - Tommy Svensson, Swedish football manager
● 1946 - Haile Gerima, Ethiopian filmmaker
● 1946 - Harvey Goldsmith, British impresario
● 1946 - Michael Ashcroft, English entrepreneur
● 1947 - David Franzoni, American screenwriter
● 1947 - Gunnar Hansen, Icelandic actor
● 1947 - Gwen Welles, American actress (d. 1993)
● 1947 - Jan Garbarek, Norwegian musician
● 1948 - Chris Squire, English bassist (Yes)
● 1948 - James Ellroy, American writer
● 1948 - Jean O'Leary, American gay and lesbian rights activist and politician (d. 2005)
● 1948 - Leron Lee, American baseball player
● 1948 - Lindy Chamberlain, Australian author
● 1948 - Shakin' Stevens, Welsh singer
● 1948 - Tom Grieve, American baseball player
● 1949 - Carroll Baker, Canadian country singer and songwriter
● 1950 - Ofelia Medina, Mexican actress and screenwriter
● 1950 - Rick Perry, Governor of Texas
● 1951 - Chris Rea, English singer
● 1951 - Edelgard Bulmahn, German politician
● 1951 - Kenny Dalglish, Scottish footballer and manager
● 1951 - Linda Yamamoto, Japanese singer
● 1951 - Mike Quarry, American light heavyweight boxer (d. 2006)
● 1951 - Sam Perlozzo, American Major League Baseball manager (Baltimore Orioles)
● 1951 - Theresa Hak Kyung Cha, American novelist (d. 1982)
● 1952 - Ronn Moss, American actor (''The Bold and the Beautiful'')
● 1952 - Scott Hicks, Ugandan-born movie director
● 1952 - Umberto Tozzi, Italian singer
● 1953 - Chris Smith, American politician
● 1953 - Emilio Estefan, Cuban percussionist (Miami Sound Machine)
● 1953 - Kay Lenz, American actress
● 1953 - Paweł Janas, Polish football manager and former footballer
● 1953 - Scott Hicks, Ugandan-born film director
● 1954 - Adrian Zmed, American actor
● 1954 - Catherine O'Hara, Canadian actress
● 1954 - François Fillon, French politician, Prime Minister of France
● 1954 - Irina Ratushinskaya, Russian writer and dissident
● 1954 - Mark Chorvinsky, American author and editor (d. 2005)
● 1954 - Peter Jacobsen, American professional golfer
● 1954 - Willie Thorne, English snooker player
● 1955 - Dominique Pinon, French actor
● 1955 - James Weaver, English race car driver
● 1955 - Rowland Charles Gould (Boon Gould) English musician (Level 42)
● 1956 - Kermit Driscoll, American jazz bassist
● 1957 - Jim Dwyer, American journalist and Pulitzer Prize winner
● 1957 - Rick Mast, American NASCAR driver
● 1958 - Lennie Lee, British artist
● 1958 - Patricia Heaton, American actress (''Everybody Loves Raymond'')
● 1959 - Rick Ardon, Australian news presenter
● 1960 - Christina Sussiek, former German athlete
● 1960 - John Mugabi, Ugandan boxer
● 1960 - Mikko Kuustonen, Finnish singer and songwriter
● 1960 - Mykelti Williamson, American actor
● 1961 - Ray Mancini, American boxer
● 1961 - Roger Wessels, South African golfer
● 1961 - Sabine Everts, former German track athlete
● 1961 - Steven Weber, American actor ("Studio 60 on the Sunset Strip," "Wings")
● 1962 - David Sparrow, English actor
● 1962 - Greg Kragen, American footballer
● 1962 - Lolo Ferrari, French actress (d. 2000)
● 1962 - Simon Bisley, British comic book artist
● 1963 - Barbara Bubula, Polish politician
● 1963 - Daniel Roebuck, American actor
● 1963 - Janey Lee Grace, English singer, author, television presenter and radio disc jockey
● 1963 - Jason Newsted, American bassist (Metallica)
● 1964 - Tom Lampkin, American baseball player
● 1965 - Andrew Collins, English journalist, scriptwriter and broadcaster
● 1965 - Gary Helms, American country singer
● 1965 - Jonathan Shearer, Scottish castaway
● 1965 - Khaled Hosseini, Afghan author and physician
● 1965 - Paul W. S. Anderson, English filmmaker
● 1965 - Stacy Edwards, American actress (''Chicago Hope'')
● 1965 - WestBam (Maximillian Lenz), German rave techno DJ
● 1965 - Yuri Lonchakov, Russian cosmonaut
● 1966 - Daniela Amavia, Greek-American actress and international model
● 1966 - Dav Pilkey, American author
● 1966 - Emese Hunyady, Hungarian speed skater
● 1966 - Grand Puba, American rapper
● 1966 - Kevin Johnson, American basketball player
● 1966 - Patrick Hannan, Rock musician (The Sundays)
● 1966 - Sophia Ferrari, Italian actress
● 1966 - Steve Bastoni, Italian Australian actor
● 1966 - Wash West, English gay porn film director
● 1967 - Andrew Osmond, English writer
● 1967 - Daryll Cullinan, South African cricketer
● 1967 - Evan Dando, American musician (The Lemonheads)
● 1967 - Kubilay Türkyılmaz, former Turkish-Swiss footballer
● 1968 - Giovanni Carrara, Venezuelan baseball player
● 1968 - Kyriakos Mitsotakis, Greek politician
● 1968 - Patsy Kensit, English actress
● 1969 - Annie Shizuka Inoh, Taiwanese actress
● 1969 - Chastity Bono, American actress and gay rights activist
● 1969 - Jason Townsend, American artist and record producer
● 1969 - Patrick Roach, Canadian actor
● 1969 - Pierluigi Casiraghi, Italian football manager
● 1969 - Stina Nordenstam, Swedish experimental pop singer, songwriter and musician
● 1970 - Àlex Crivillé, Spanish Grand Prix motorcycle road racer
● 1970 - Andrea Bendewald, American actress
● 1971 - Fergal Lawler, Irish drummer (The Cranberries)
● 1971 - Iain Baird, Canadian soccer player
● 1971 - Jason Sellers, Country singer
● 1971 - Jovan Stanković, Serbian footballer
● 1971 - Satoshi Motoyama, Japanese racing driver
● 1971 - Shavar Ross, American actor-turned film director, writer, film producer and editor
● 1971(70? NYT) - Nick Stabile, American actor
● 1972 - Alison Wheeler, British singer (The Beautiful South)
● 1972 - Ivy Queen, American composer and singer
● 1972 - Jos Verstappen, Dutch Formula One driver
● 1972 - Pae Gil-Su, North Korean gymnast
● 1972 - Robert Smith, American footballer
● 1973 - Len Wiseman, American director
● 1973 - Phillip Daniels, American footballer
● 1973 - Summer Cummings, American actress
● 1974 - Ariel Ortega, Argentine footballer
● 1974 - Edward Hancock II, American author
● 1974 - ICS Vortex (Simen Hestnæs), Norwegian vocalist (Arcturus)
● 1974 - Karol Kučera, Slovak tennis player
● 1974 - Tommy Phelps, American baseball player
● 1975 - Antti Aalto, Finnish ice hockey player
● 1975 - Hawksley Workman, Canadian rock singer-songwriter
● 1975 - Kim Jung-Eun, South Korean actress
● 1975 - Kirsten Bolm, German hurdler
● 1975 - Myrna Veenstra, Dutch field hockey player
● 1975 - Patrick Femerling, German-born professional basketball player
● 1976 - Hiram Bocachica, Puerto Rican baseball player
● 1976 - Scott Sturgeon (Stza Crack), American musician (Choking Victim and Leftover Crack)
● 1976 - Sean Covel, American film producer
● 1976 - Thierry Renaer, Belgian field hockey player
● 1976 - Vic Wunderle, American archer
● 1977 - Ana Gabriela Guevara, Mexican athlete
● 1977 - Daniel Klewer, German footballer
● 1977 - Jason Marsalis, American musician
● 1977 - Juha Helppi, Finnish professional poker player
● 1977 - Sabrina Sabrok, Argentine-Mexican model, television actress and singer
● 1978 - Denis Dallan, Italian rugby union footballer
● 1978 - Nate Ackerman, British-American logician and wrestler
● 1978 - Pierre Dagenais, Canadian ice hockey player
● 1978 - Rachel Roberts, Canadian model and actress
● 1979 - Ben Fouhy, New Zealand flatwater canoeist
● 1979 - Geoff Huegill, Australian swimmer
● 1979 - John Lawler (John Fratelli), Scottish singer (The Fratellis)
● 1980 - Arash Markazi, American sportswriter
● 1980 - Jack Hannahan, American baseball player
● 1980 - Jung Da Bin, South Korean actress (d. 2007)
● 1980 - Omar Bravo, Mexican footballer
● 1981 - Carol Banawa, Filipina singer and celebrity
● 1981 - Donny Tourette, English punk rock singer (Towers of London)
● 1982 - Charity Rahmer, American actress
● 1982 - Landon Donovan, American soccer player
● 1982 - Mariano Altuna, Argentine racing driver
● 1983 - Matthew Krok, former Australian child actor
● 1983 - Max Vergara Poeti, Colombian writer
● 1984 - Ai Iwamura, Japanese actress
● 1984 - Zak Whitbread, American-born English soccer player
● 1985 - Chinedum Ndukwe, American football player
● 1986 - Bohdan Shust, Ukrainian footballer
● 1986 - Margo Harshman, American actress
● 1986 - Tom De Mul, Belgian footballer
● 1990 - Andrea Bowen, American actress (''Desperate Housewives'')
● 1991 - Diandra Newlin, American actress, singer, and fashion model
● 1992 - Jazmin Grace Grimaldi, daughter of Albert II, Prince of Monaco
● 1993 - Abigail Mavity, American actress
● 1993 - Alice Jones, British actress
● 1993 - Jenna Boyd, American actress
● 1993 - Yves Michel-Beneche, American actor
● 1998 - Prince Paul Louis of Nassau, son of Prince Guillaume of Luxembourg
DEATHS
● 251 - Pope Lucius I
● 480 - Saint Landry, bishop of Sées
● 561 - Pope Pelagius I
● 1172 - Stephen III of Hungary (b. 1147)
● 1193 - Saladin, Kurdish sultan (b. 1137)
● 1238 - Joan of England, Queen Consort of Scotland, wife of Alexander II (b. 1210)
● 1238 - Yuri II, Grand Prince of Vladimir (b. 1189)
● 1303 - Daniel of Moscow, Russian Saint, Grand Prince of Muscovy (b. 1261)
● 1484 - Saint Casimir, Prince of Poland (b. 1458)
● 1496 - Sigismund of Austria (b. 1427)
● 1583 - Bernard Gilpin, English clergyman, "Apostle of the North" (b. 1517)
● 1604 - Fausto Paolo Sozzini, Italian theologian (b. 1539)
● 1615 - Hans von Aachen, German painter (b. 1552)
● 1619 - Anne of Denmark, wife of James I (b. 1574)
● 1710 - Louis III, Prince of Condé (b. 1668)
● 1733 - Claude de Forbin, French naval commander (b. 1656)
● 1744 - John Anstis, Garter King of Arms (b. 1669)
● 1762 - Johannes Zick, German fresco painter (b. 1702)
● 1793 - Louis de Bourbon, French admiral (b. 1725)
● 1795 - John Collins, American politician (b. 1717)
● 1805 - Jean-Baptiste Greuze, French painter (b. 1725)
● 1807 - Abraham Baldwin, American politician (b. 1754)
● 1821 - Princess Elizabeth of Clarence, daughter of King William IV, granddaughter of King George III (b. 1820)
● 1832 - Jean-François Champollion, French scholar (b. 1790)
● 1851 - James Richardson, British explorer (b. 1809)
● 1852 - Nikolai Gogol, Russian writer (b. 1809)
● 1853 - Christian Leopold von Buch, German geologist (b. 1774)
● 1858 - Matthew Perry, U.S. naval officer (b. 1794)
● 1864 - Thomas Starr King, influential Californian Unitarian minister during the American Civil War (b. 1824)
● 1866 - Alexander Campbell, Irish founder of the Disciples of Christ (b. 1788)
● 1868 - Jesse Chisholm, American pioneer of the Chisholm Trail (b. 1805)
● 1872 - Johannes Carsten Hauch, Danish poet (b. 1790)
● 1883 - Alexander Hamilton Stephens, former Vice President of the Confederate States of America (b. 1812)
● 1888 - Amos Bronson Alcott, American philosopher (b. 1799)
● 1903 - Joseph Henry Shorthouse, English novelist (b. 1834)
● 1906 - John McAllister Schofield, former U.S. Secretary of War and Commanding General of the U.S. Army (b. 1831)
● 1910 - Knut Ångström, Swedish physicist (b. 1857)
● 1915 - William Willett, Inventor of Daylight Saving Time (b. 1856)
● 1916 - Franz Marc, German artist (b. 1880)
● 1922 - Bert Williams, American entertainer (b. 1874)
● 1925 - James Ward, English psychologist and philosopher (b. 1843)
● 1925 - John Montgomery "Monte" Ward, American baseball player (b. 1860)
● 1925 - Moritz Moszkowski, Polish/German composer (b. 1854)
● 1927 - Ira Remsen American chemist (b. 1846)
● 1938 - George Foster Peabody, American politician (b. 1852)
● 1938 - Jack Taylor, American baseball player (b. 1874)
● 1940 - Hamlin Garland, American novelist (b. 1860)
● 1941 - Ludwig Quidde, German pacifist, recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize (b. 1858)
● 1944 - Emanuel Weiss, American hitman (b. 1906) (executed)
● 1944 - Fannie Barrier Williams, American educator and political activist (b. 1855)
● 1944 - Louis Buchalter, Jewish American mobster (b.1897) (executed)
● 1944 - Louis Capone, New York organized crime figure (b. 1896) (executed)
● 1945 - Lucille La Verne, American actress (d. 1972)
● 1945 - Mark Sandrich, American film director, writer and producer (b. 1900)
● 1946 - Bror von Blixen-Finecke, Danish big-game hunter (b. 1886)
● 1948 - Antonin Artaud, French actor/director (b. 1896)
● 1950 - Adam Rainer, the only man in recorded human history ever to have been both a dwarf and a giant (b. 1899)
● 1952 - Charles Scott Sherrington, English scientist, Nobel laureate (b. 1857)
● 1954 - Noel Gay, English composer, (b. 1898)
● 1959 - Maxey Long, American athlete (b. 1878)
● 1960 - Herbert O'Conor, 51st Governor of the US State of Maryland (b. 1896)
● 1960 - Leonard Warren, American baritone (b. 1911)
● 1962 - George Mogridge, Major League Baseball pitcher (b. 1889)
● 1963 - William Carlos Williams, American poet (b. 1883)
● 1967 - José Martínez Ruiz, Spanish poet and writer (b. 1873)
● 1967 - Michel Plancherel, Swiss mathematician (b. 1885)
● 1967 - Vladan Desnica, Croatian and Serbian writer (b. 1905)
● 1969 - Nicholas Schenck, Russian-born film empresario (b. 1881)
● 1973 - Samuel Tolansky, British scientist and expert on spectroscopy (b. 1907)
● 1974 - Adolph Gottlieb, American painter (b. 1903)
● 1976 - Walter H. Schottky, German physicist (b. 1886)
● 1977 - Andrés Caicedo, Colombian writer (b. 1951)
● 1977 - Lutz Graf Schwerin von Krosigk, German politician and former Chancellor of Germany (b. 1887)
● 1977 - Toma Caragiu, Romanian actor (b. 1925)
● 1978 - Wesley Bolin, former Governor of the U.S. State of Arizona (b. 1909) {Bolin was a long time (over 30 years) Secretary of State for Arizona and a regular on the "rubber chicken" circuit (about 300 times a year), it is amazing on such a diet he lived as long as he did.}
● 1979 - Willi Unsoeld, American mountain climber (b. 1926)
● 1981 - Torin Thatcher, Indian actor (b. 1905)
● 1981 - Yip Harburg, American lyricist (b. 1896)
● 1984 - Ernest Buckler, Canadian novelist (b. 1908)
● 1984 - Geoffrey Lumsden, British actor (b. 1914)
● 1984 - Jewel Carmen, American actress (b. 1897)
● 1986 - Howard Greenfield, American songwriter (b. 1936)
● 1986 - Richard Manuel, Canadian musician (The Band) (b. 1943)
● 1989 - Tiny Grimes, American jazz and R&B guitarist (b. 1916)
● 1990 - Hank Gathers, American basketball player (b. 1967)
● 1992 - Art Babbitt, American animator (b. 1907)
● 1993 - Art Hodes, American jazz pianist (b. 1904)
● 1994 - John Candy, Canadian comedian (b. 1950)
● 1995 - Eden Ahbez, American composer (b. 1908)
● 1996 - Minnie Pearl, American comedian (b. 1912)
● 1997 - Carey Loftin, American actor/stuntman (b. 1914)
● 1997 - Robert H. Dicke, American physicist (b. 1916)
● 1999 - Del Close, American actor (b. 1934)
● 1999 - Harry Blackmun, Associate Justice of the U.S. Supreme Court (b. 1908)
● 1999 - Karel van het Reve, Dutch writer (b. 1921)
● 2001 - Fred Lasswell, American cartoonist (b. 1916)
● 2001 - Glenn Hughes, American singer (The Village People) (b. 1950)
● 2001 - Harold Stassen, American politician (b. 1907) {Perennial Republican candidate for President at first serious, 1948/1952, later to be figure of ridicule.}
● 2001 - Jim Rhodes, Governor of Ohio (b. 1909)
● 2002 - Claire Davenport, English actress (b. 1933)
● 2002 - Elyne Mitchell, Australian author (b. 1913)
● 2002 - Eric Flynn, British actor/singer (b. 1939)
● 2002 - Velibor Vasović, Yugoslavian footballer (b. 1939)
● 2003 - Jaba Ioseliani, Georgian bank robber (b. 1926)
● 2003 - Sébastien Japrisot, French author, screenwriter and film director (b. 1931)
● 2004 - Claude Nougaro, French singer (b. 1929)
● 2004 - George Pake, American physicist (b. 1924)
● 2004 - John McGeoch, Scottish musician (b. 1955)
● 2004 - Stephen Sprouse, American fashion designer (b. 1953)
● 2005 - Carlos Sherman, Uruguayan-born writer (b. 1934)
● 2005 - Nicola Calipari, Italian secret service agent (b. 1953)
● 2005 - Robert Consoli, American actor and musician (b. 1964)
● 2005 - Una Hale, Australian soprano (b. 1922)
● 2005 - Yuriy Kravchenko, Ukrainian statesman (b. 1951)
● 2006 - Dave Rose, American artist (b. 1910)
● 2006 - Edgar Valter, Estonian illustrator/cartoonist (b. 1929)
● 2006 - John Reynolds Gardiner, American engineer (b. 1944)
● 2006 - Roman Ogaza, Polish footballer (b. 1952)
● 2007 - Bob Hattoy, American activist (b. 1950)
● 2007 - Ian Wooldridge, British sports journalist (b. 1932)
● 2007 - Natalie Bodanya (Natalie Bodanskaya), American soprano (b. 1908)
● 2007 - Richard Joseph, British games soundtrack composer (b. 1954)
● 2007 - Sunil Kumar Mahato, Indian parliamentarian (b. 1966)
● 2007 - Tadeusz Nalepa, Polish composer, guitar player, vocalist and lyricist (b. 1934)
● 2007 - Thomas Eagleton, American politician (b. 1929)
HOLIDAYS AND OBSERVANCES
● Roman Catholic:
● St. Adrian of Nicomedia, bishop of St. Andrew's, and his Companions.
● St. Appian
● St. Basil and Companions
● St. Basinus
● St. Casimir of Poland, patron saint of Lithuania.
● St. Efrem
● St. Felix of Rhuys
● St. Humbert III of Savoy, Blessed
● St. Lucius I, pope, martyr.
● St. Owen
● St. Peter of Pappacarbone
● St. Pierre de Cluny
● St. Placide Viel
● Russian Orthodox Christian Menaion Calendar for February 21 (Civil Date: March 4)
● St. Timothy of Symbola in Bithynia.
● St. Eustathius (Eustace), Archbishop of Antioch.
● St. George, Bishop of Amastris on the Black Sea.
● Services combined with St. Eustathius
● St. John the Scholastic, Patriarch of Constantinople.
● St. Zachariah, Patriarch of Jerusalem.
● "Kozelshchanskaya" Icon of the Most Holy Theotokos.
● Repose of Blessed Simon Todorsky, Bishop of Pskov (1754), and Elder Macarius of Glinsk Hermitage (1864).
● Wales - Feast day of Rhiannon, Celtic Moon Goddess.
● Pennsylvania - Charter Day (1681).
● St. Thomas, Ontario, Canada - Charter Day (1881)
● Thailand - Magka Puja
● United States - Constitution Day (1789)
● United States - Inauguration Day (1789 - 1933)
● Admission Day to the United States
● Vermont - 14th state (1791)
IN FICTION
● 1881 - Holmes & Watson begin "A Study in Scarlet", 1st case together
THIS IS AN ABBREVIATED POST FOR THIS DATE USING ONLY THE FOLLOWING EIGHT SOURCES. A COMPLETE POST IS PLANNED AS SOON AS TIME ALLOWS.
This Previous Day in History Post With
This Original Wikipedia List form the core of this post.
Additional facts taken from:
Information on Geov Parrish's this Day in Radical History, things that happened on this day that you never had to memorize in school.
Roman Catholic Saint of the Day
Russian Orthodox Christian Menaion Calendar
Liberal Quotes of the Day taken from The Best Liberal Quotes Ever: Why the Left Is Right Compiled by William P. Martin ©2004
Quotes from the Right of the Day taken from Take Them at Their Words: Startling, Amusing and Baffling Quotations from the GOP and Their Friends, 1994-2004 Compiled by Bruce J. Miller with Diana Maio ©2004
Dumbest Thing Said for the Day taken from 1001 Dumbest Things Ever Said Edited by Steven D. Price ©2004
Permanent Backlink to Post
From 1793 - 1933, March 4 was Inauguration Day for the President of the United States. Beginning in 1937, Inauguration Day has been January 20.
Day of the week in surrounding years:
. . . .,1985,1991,1996,2002—MON—. . . .
1980,1986,. . . .,1997,2003—TUE—2008
1981,1987,1992,1998,. . . .—WED—2009
1982,. . . .,1993,1999,2004—THU—2010
1983,1988,1994,. . . .,2005—FRI—2011
. . . .,1989,1995,2000,2006—SAT—. . . .
1984,1990,. . . .,2001,2007—SUN—2012
PASCAL DATE INFORMATION
Easter Sunday for the Western Christian Church is defined as the first Sunday following the first full moon after the Spring Equinox. Lent is defined as the forty days prior to Easter not including Sundays thus Lent begins on Ash Wednesday, which is 46 days prior to Easter. Calculations for Ash Wednesday and Easter Sunday were performed for the 3774 years from 326 to 4099. For the year range 326 to 1582, dates are based on the Julian calendar. For years 1583 to 4099, dates are based on the Gregorian calendar. Ash Wednesday falls in a range of 36 days from February 4 to March 10. Easter Sunday falls in a range of 35 days from March 22 to April 25. The extra day in the Ash Wednesday range is February 29, which only occurs in leap years. February 29 only effects when Ash Wednesday occurs since it is well before the Spring Equinox and has no effect on the date for Easter Sunday. March 10 to March 21 is a twelve-day range that must occur in Lent no matter the timing of Easter Sunday. The entire range of 82 dates from February 4 to April 25 represents all dates with Pascal ramifications.
March 4 is the 30th possible date for Ash Wednesday. Ash Wednesday occurs on this date 136 times during the 3774 years calculated and is ranked 3rd/4th of the 36 dates.
It occurred on this date previously in the years:
330, 341, 352, 425, 431, 436, 515, 520, 526, 599, 610, 621, 683, 694, 705, 716, 767, 778, 789, 800, 862, 873, 884, 957, 963, 968, 1047, 1052, 1058, 1131, 1142, 1153, 1215, 1226, 1237, 1248, 1299, 1310, 1321, 1332, 1394, 1405, 1416, 1489, 1495, 1500, 1579, 1609, 1615, 1620, 1699, 1767, 1772, 1778, 1829, 1835, 1840, 1908, 1981, 1987, 1992
It will occur on this date in the future in the years:
2071, 2076, 2082, 2133, 2139, 2144, 2201, 2207, 2212, 2291, 2296, 2359, 2364, 2370, 2443, 2448, 2454, 2511, 2516, 2522, 2595, 2663, 2668, 2674, 2725, 2731, 2736, 2815, 2820, 2826, 2899, 2967, 2978, 2989, 3035, 3040, 3046, 3103, 3108, 3114, 3187, 3192, 3198, 3209, 3271, 3282, 3293, 3339, 3344, 3350, 3361, 3407, 3412, 3418, 3491, 3559, 3570, 3581, 3643, 3654, 3665, 3711, 3722, 3733, 3795, 3863, 3874, 3885, 3931, 3936, 3942, 4015, 4026, 4037, 4099
Best Liberal Quote of the Day: On Foreign Policy "Shared risks, shared burdens, shared benefits—it's not only a good motto for NATO, it's also a good prescription for America's role in the world." — Wesley Clark {This man, a former general in the US Army, is living proof that all US military are right wing wackos is a lie.}
Stupidest and/or Scariest Quote from the Right for the Day: On Do As I Say, Not As I Do "Kurt Cobain died of a drug-induced suicide, I just—he was a worthless shred of human debris." — Rush "Drug-Addled Gas Bag" Limbaugh, 4-8-94. lumberjackonliune.com.
Dumbest Thing Said for the Day: From the world of Sports "A day without newspapers is like walking around without your pants on." — Jerry Coleman was an infielder for the Yankees (what is it about the Bronx Bombers that turned out such a raft of funny speakers?), and manager of the San Diego Padres. After playing, he made his mark as a radio and TV broadcaster, where his malapropisms, non sequiturs, and other goofs became legendary. Coleman is Hall of Shame member #8.
{Disclaimer: I have attempted to give credit to the many different sources that I get entries. Any failure to do so is unintentional. Any statement enclosed by brackets like these are the opinion of the blogger, A Proud Liberal.}
MOON PHASE
Berkeley, California—Times are Pacific Standard Time (PST)
Mar 4, 2008 2:00 AM Name: Waning Crescent Percent of Full: 12% Age: 89% Rise: 4:58 AM Set: 3:04 PM
Surprise, Arizona—Times are Mountain Standard Time (MST)
Mar 4, 2008 2:00 AM Name: Waning Crescent Percent of Full: 13% Age: 88% Rise: 5:07 AM Set: 3:33 PM
Iowa City, Iowa—Times are Central Standard Time (CST)
Mar 4, 2008 2:00 AM Name: Waning Crescent Percent of Full: 13% Age: 88% Rise: 5:04 AM Set: 2:45 PM
Cambridge, Massachusetts—Times are Eastern Standard Time (EST)
Mar 4, 2008 2:00 AM Name: Waning Crescent Percent of Full: 13% Age: 88% Rise: 4:42 AM Set: 2:17 PM
NASA ASTRONOMY PICTURE OF THE DAY
NGC 6334: The Cat's Paw Nebula
Credit & Copyright: T. A. Rector (U. Alaska), T. Abbott, NOAO, AURA, NSF
Click picture to go to NASA APOD site for full explanation
EVENTS
● 51 - Nero, later to become Roman Emperor, is given the title princeps iuventutis (head of the youth).
● 303 or 304 - Martyrdom of Saint Adrian of Nicomedia.
● 852 - Croatian Duke Trpimir I issued a statute, a document with the first known written mention of the Croats name in Croatian sources.
● 932 - Translation of the relics of martyr Wenceslaus I, Duke of Bohemia, Prince of the Czechs.
● 1152 - Frederick I Barbarossa is elected King of the Germans.
● 1215 - King John of England makes an oath to the Pope as a crusader to gain the support of Innocent III.
● 1238 - The Battle of the Sit River was fought in the northern part of the present-day Yaroslavl Oblast of Russia between the Mongol Hordes of Batu Khan and the Russians under Yuri II of Vladimir-Suzdal during the Mongol invasion of Russia.
● 1275 - Chinese astronomers observe a total eclipse of the sun.
● 1351 - Ramathibodi becomes King of Siam.
● 1386 - Władysław II Jagiełło (Jogaila) was crowned King of Poland.
● 1461 - Wars of the Roses in England: Lancastrian King Henry VI is deposed by his Yorkist cousin, who then becomes King Edward IV.
● 1492 - King James IV of Scotland concludes an alliance with France against England.
● 1493 - Explorer Christopher Columbus arrives back in Lisbon, Portugal aboard his ship Niña from his discovery voyage to America. He returned to Spain on March 15.
● 1519 - Hernan Cortes arrives in Mexico in search of the Aztec civilization and their wealth.
● 1570 - King Philip II of Spain bans foreign Dutch students.
● 1590 - Mauritius of Nassau's ship reaches Breda
● 1611 - George Abbot is appointed Archbishop of Canterbury.
● 1621 - Jakarta, Java is renamed Batavia.
● 1629 - Massachusetts Bay Colony, which had the role of colonizing the Americas, is granted a Royal charter.
● 1634 - Samuel Cole opens the first tavern in Boston, Massachusetts.
● 1665 - English King Charles II declares war on The Netherlands which marked the start of the Second Anglo-Dutch War.
● 1675 - John Flamsteed appointed first Astronomer Royal of England.
● 1681 - Charles II of England grants a land charter to William Penn for the area that will later become Pennsylvania.
● 1699 - Jews are expelled from Lubeck Germany
● 1712 - Jane Wenham ("A witch and a bitch") tried for talking to her cat and for flying. The last witchcraft trial in England.
● 1738 - Moravian missionary Peter Bohler, 26, advised future English founder of Methodism John Wesley, 34: 'Preach faith until you have it; and then, because you have it, you will preach faith.'
● 1741 - English fleet under Admiral Ogle reaches Cartagena
● 1766 - The British Parliament repealed the Stamp Act, which had caused bitter and violent opposition in the U.S. colonies.
● 1774 - First sighting of Orion Nebula by William Herschel.
● 1776 - The American War of Independence: The Americans capture "Dorchester Heights" dominating the port of Boston, Massachusetts.
● 1778 - The Continental Congress voted to ratify both the Treaty of Amity and Commerce and the Treaty of Alliance with France. The two treaties were the first entered into by the United States government.
● 1789 - In New York City, the first U.S. Congress meets and declares the new Constitution of the United States is in effect (9 senators, 13 representatives).
● 1790 - France is divided into 83 départements, which cut across the former provinces in an attempt to dislodge regional loyalties based on noble ownership of land.
● 1791 - 1st Jewish member of US Congress, Israel Jacobs (Pennsylvania), takes office
● 1791 - A Constitutional Act is introduced by the British House of Commons in London which envisages the separation of Canada into Lower Canada (Quebec) and Upper Canada (Ontario).
● 1791 - President Washington calls the US Senate into its 1st special session
● 1791 - Vermont is admitted as the 14th U.S. state.
● 1792 - Oranges were introduced into Hawaii.
● 1793 - French troops conquer Geertruidenberg, Netherlands.
● 1793 - President Washington's 2nd inauguration, shortest speech (133 words)
● 1794 - The 11th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution was passed by the U.S. Congress. The Amendment limited the jurisdiction of the federal courts to automatically hear cases brought against a state by the citizens of another state. Later interpretations expanded this to include citizens of the state being sued, as well.
● 1797 - In the first ever peaceful transfer of power between elected leaders in modern times, John Adams is sworn in as President of the United States, succeeding George Washington.
● 1798 - Catholic women force to do penance for kindling sabbath fire for Jews
● 1801 - 1st President inaugurated in Washington DC (Thomas Jefferson)
● 1804 - The Battle of Vinegar Hill, colony of New South Wales (Australia), when Irish convicts (some of whom had been involved in Ireland’s Battle of Vinegar Hill in 1798) led the colony’s only significant convict uprising.
● 1804 - The British and Foreign Bible Society (BFBS) was founded at a large interdenominational meeting in London. Its purpose was "to promote the circulation of the Holy Scriptures, without note or comment, both at home and in foreign lands."
● 1809 - Madison becomes 1st President inaugurated in American-made clothes
● 1813 - Russian troops fighting the army of Napoleon reach Berlin in Germany and the French garrison evacuate the city without a fight.
● 1814 - Americans defeat the British at the Battle of Longwoods between London and Thamesville near present-day Wardsville, Ontario.
● 1824 - The "National Institution for the Preservation of Life from Shipwreck" was founded in the United Kingdom, later to be renamed The Royal National Lifeboat Institution in 1858.
● 1825 - John Quincy Adams inaugrated as 6th President
● 1826 - 1st US RR chartered, Granite Railway in Quincy MA
● 1829 - Andrew Jackson inaugurated as 7th President
● 1829 - Unruly crowd mobs White House during President Jackson inaugural ball {Jackson joined mob in drinking.}
● 1835 - HMS Beagle moves into Bay of Concepción
● 1837 - Chicago is granted a city charter by Illinois.
● 1837 - Martin Van Buren inaugrated as 8th President
● 1841 - Pres. William Henry Harrison caught a fatal cold while standing hatless in the drizzle at his own Presidential inauguration. Longest inauguration speech (8,443 words). A month later, he is the first U.S. president to die in office. {That long speech was of little help.}
● 1845 - James K Polk inaugrated as 11th President
● 1848 - Carlo Alberto di Savoia signs the Statuto Albertino that will later represent the first constitution of the Regno d'Italia
● 1849 - Zachary Taylor refuses to be sworn in office as 12th President of the United States on a Sabbath (Sunday). Urban legend instead holds that the office of President of the United States is vacant for a single day and that David Rice Atchison, President pro tempore of the United States Senate was President de jure that day. However, Taylor was president despite not taking the oath.
● 1850 - Future statesman James A. Garfield, at age 18, was "buried with Christ in baptism." Thirty-one years, to the day! after his conversion, Garfield took the oath of office as 20th President of the United States.
● 1853 - An oncoming mail train shatters the rear car of a stalled Pennsylvania Railroad emigrant train in the Allegheny Mountains near Mount Union, Pennsylvania, killing seven. This was the highest single U.S. accident toll up to this time.
● 1853 - Pope Pius IX recovers Roman Catholic hierarchy in Netherlands.
● 1853 - William Rufus de Vane King (D) sworn in as 13th US Vice President
● 1859 - Charter of the French Opera House in New Orleans is granted, which opens on December 1 of the same year with a gala performance of Rossini's "William Tell".
● 1861 - Confederate States adopt "Stars and Bars" flag, on the same day that Abraham Lincoln is inaugurated as 16th President of the United States.
● 1861 - Lincoln inaugurated as 16th President; 1st time US has 5 former Presidents living
● 1861 - President Lincoln opens Government Printing Office.
● 1863 - Battle of Thompson's Station, Tennessee
● 1863 - Territory of Idaho established.
● 1865 - President Lincoln inaugurated for his 2nd term as President
● 1865 - Third (and last) national flag of the Confederate States of America adopted.
● 1869 - Ulysses Grant inaugurated as 18th President
● 1876 - US Congress decides to impeach Minister of War Belknap
● 1877 - Emile Berliner invents the microphone.
● 1880 - New York Daily Graphic publishes the first half-tone engraving.
● 1881 - California becomes 1st state to pass plant quarantine legislation
● 1881 - Eliza Ballou Garfield became the first mother of a U.S. President to live in the executive mansion.
● 1881 - James A Garfield inaugurated as 20th President
● 1881 - South African President Kruger accepts ceasefire
● 1882 - Birth of Joseph Spivak, Uman, Russia. Lifelong anarchist who emigrated to the U.S. and during WWI was actively involved around the country in anti-militarist campaigns with Emma Goldman and Alexander Berkman.
● 1882 - Britain's first electric trams run in East London.
● 1885 - Grover Cleveland inaugurated as 1st Democratic President since Civil War
● 1887 - 23-year-old William Randolph Hearst buys the San Francisco Examiner, and starts to build the Hearst newspaper empire.
● 1887 - Gottlieb Daimler unveils his first automobile which he test runs in Esslingen and Cannstatt, Germany.
● 1888 - Knute Rockne, who changed the strategy of football as coach at Notre Dame, was born.
● 1889 - Benjamin Harrison inaugurated as 23rd President, he is the grandson of William Henry Harrison, president for 30 days forty-eight years earlier.
● 1890 - The longest bridge in the United Kingdom, the Forth Bridge (railway) (1,710 ft) in Scotland is opened by the Prince of Wales, who later became King Edward VII.
● 1891 - The International Copyright Act, halting the piracy of British, Belgium, French, and Swiss books by U.S. publishers, is passed by Congress.
● 1893 - Congo Free State: The army of Francis, Baron Dhanis attacks the Lualaba, enabling him to transport his troops across the Upper Congo and, capture Nyangwe almost without an effort.
● 1893 - Grover Cleveland (D) inaugrated as 24th US President (2nd term). He is only man to serve non-consecutive terms as president.
● 1894 - Great fire in Shanghai. Over 1,000 buildings are destroyed.
● 1897 - William McKinley inaugurated as 25th President of US
● 1899 - Cyclone Mahina sweeps in north of Cooktown, Queensland, with a 12 m wave that reaches up to 5 km inland - over 300 dead.
● 1901 - 1st advanced copy of inaugural speech (Jefferson-National Intelligencer)
● 1901 - President William McKinley inaugurated for 2nd term as President
● 1901 - Term of George H White, last of post-Reconstruction congressmen, ends
● 1902 - In Chicago, the American Automobile Association is established.
● 1904 - Russo-Japanese War: Russian troops in Korea retreat toward Manchuria followed by 100,000 Japanese troops.
● 1905 - Theodore Roosevelt was sworn in for his second term (first full term, he became president after McKinley was assassinated shortly after inauguration in 1901) as president.
● 1906 - Rosa Luxemburg is arrested and imprisoned at the Warsaw Citadel for revolutionary activities in Warsaw.
● 1907 - Louis Botha is appointed Prime Minister of the Transvaal, South Africa.
● 1908 - France notified signatories of Algeciras that it would send troops to Chaouia, Morocco.
● 1908 - The Collinwood School Fire, Collinwood near Cleveland, Ohio, kills 174 people.
● 1908 - The New York board of education banned the act of whipping students in school.
● 1909 - President Taft inaugrated as 27th President during 10" snowstorm
● 1909 - President William Taft approves Congressional Gold Medals for the Wright brothers.
● 1909 - US prohibits interstate transportation of game birds
● 1910 - Industrial Workers of the World (IWW) begins Spokane, Wash. free speech fight (which they win).
● 1911 - Victor Berger (Wisconsin) becomes the first socialist congressman in U.S..
● 1912 - Suffragettes, walking single file in Knightsbridge, London, smash every window they pass to protest government inaction.
● 1913 - First U.S. law regulating the shooting of migratory birds passed.
● 1913 - The United States Department of Commerce and United States Department of Labor are established by splitting the duties of the 10-year-old Department of Commerce and Labor.
● 1913 - Woodrow Wilson inaugurated as 28th President
● 1914 - Doctor Fillatre successfully separated Siamese twins.
● 1917 - Grand Duke Michael Alexandrovich of Russia's renunciation of the throne is made public, and Tsar Nicholas II of Russia publicly issues his abdication manifesto. The victory of the February Revolution.
● 1917 - Jeannette Rankin of Montana, first U.S. Congresswoman, begins term. Rankin becomes the only Congressperson to vote against U.S. entry into both World Wars. Well into her advanced years, she also led protests against the war in Vietnam.
● 1918 - Terek Autonomous Republic established in RSFSR (until 1921)
● 1920 - Last day of Julian civil calendar in Greece
● 1921 - E. M. Forster sets out on a passage to India to assume his duties as secretary to the Maharaja of the state of Dewas Senior.
● 1921 - Hot Springs National Park created in Arkansas.
● 1922 - Tippeerary, Ireland gas workers seize their plant, hoist red flag.
● 1923 - Lenin's last article about Red bureaucracy was published in Pravda.
● 1925 - Calvin Coolidge becomes the first President of the United States to have his inauguration broadcast on radio.
● 1925 - Swain's Island (near American Samoa) annexed by US
● 1926 - The government of Dirk Jan de Geer takes office in The Netherlands.
● 1929 - Charles Curtis becomes the first native-American Vice President.
● 1929 - Herbert Hoover inaugurated as 31st President
● 1930 - Blaze levels hangar at Atlanta Airport, destroying twenty aircraft
● 1930 - Coolidge Dam in Arizona dedicated
● 1930 - Terrible floods ransack Languedoc and the surrounds in south-west France, resulting in twelve departments being submerged by water and causing the death of over 700 people.
● 1931 - The British Viceroy of India, Governor-General Edward Frederick Lindley Wood and Mohandas Gandhi (Mahatma Gandhi) meet to sign an agreement envisaging the release of political prisoners and allowing that salt is freely used by the poorest layers of the population.
● 1933 - Bertha Wilson is appointed as first woman to sit on the Supreme Court of Canada.
● 1933 - FDR inaugrated as 32nd President, pledges to pull US out of Depression & says "We have nothing to fear but fear itself"
● 1933 - Frances Perkins becomes United States Secretary of Labor, first female member of the United States Cabinet.
● 1933 - The Parliament of Austria is suspended because of a quibble over procedure - Chancellor Engelbert Dollfuss initiates authoritarian rule by decree.
● 1936 - First flight of airship Hindenburg, Germany.
● 1937 - UAW workers win sit-down strike victory in Flint, Michigan, forcing General Motors to recognize them. The 40-day action at Fisher Body Plant Number One had become the longest sit-down strike in history. Employees inside were protected by 5,000 armed workers circling the plant. After police tear-gassed attacks, workers fought back with firehoses. The gunfire wounded 13 workers, but the police were driven back. By the time the National Guard arrived, the strike had spread to GM plants across the nation.
● 1941 - 18 Geuzen resistance fighters sentenced to death in The Hague
● 1941 - Adolf Hitler applies pressure on Yugoslavia to join the Tripartite Pact during visit by Serbian Prince Paul.
● 1941 - The United Kingdom launches Operation Claymore on the Lofoten Islands, during World War II.
● 1942 - Birth of Gloria Gaither, wife of songwriter Bill Gaither, and female vocalist in the Bill Gaither Trio. Gloria is also co-author of the contemporary Christian songs, "Because He Lives," "Something Beautiful" and "The King is Coming."
● 1943 - Transport number 50 departs with French Jews to Maidanek/Sobibor
● 1944 - First U.S. daylight bombing of Berlin and Anti-Germany strikes in northern Italy.
● 1944 - In Ossining, New York, Louis Buchalter, the leader of 1930s crime syndicate Murder, Inc., is executed at Sing Sing.
● 1945 - In the United Kingdom, Princess Elizabeth, later to become Queen Elizabeth II, joins the British Army as a driver.
● 1945 - Lapland War: Finland declares war on Nazi Germany.
● 1946 - C.G.E. Mannerheim resigns from the post of President of Finland.
● 1946 - Canada reported that it had uncovered a spy ring that had been organized by the Soviet Embassy in Ottawa. All four people accused admitted to being involved.
● 1946 - The United States, France and the United Kingdom launch a call with the Spaniards in favour of the inversion of the pro-Franco mode.
● 1947 - France and Britain signed an alliance treaty.
● 1948 - The first American civilian (Herbert Henry Hoover) flies at supersonic speeds in Bell X-1 in Muroc, California.
● 1949 - Andrei Vishinsky succeeds Molotov as Soviet Foreign minister
● 1949 - Security Council of United Nations recommends membership for Israel.
● 1952 - U.S. President Harry Truman dedicated the "Courier," the first seagoing radio broadcasting station.
● 1954 - JE Wilkins, appointed 1st Black US sub-cabinet member
● 1954 - Peter Bent Brigham Hospital in Boston, Massachusetts, announces the first successful kidney transplant.
● 1954 - U.S. warns Latin America against international communism.
● 1955 - First radio facsimile transmission is sent across the continent of America.
● 1957 - The S&P 500 stock market index is introduced, replacing the S&P 90.
● 1959 - U.S. Pioneer 4 misses Moon and becomes the second (U.S. first) artificial planet.
● 1960 - French freighter 'La Coubre' explodes in Havana, Cuba killing 100. Fidel Castro blames the U.S. {Fidel also "Remember(s) the Maine"}
● 1960 - It is revealed, in connection with the current congressional investigation into payola, that FCC Chairman John Doerfer took a six-day trip to Florida courtesy of Storer Broadcasting.
● 1961 - Paul-Henri Spaak resigns as Secretary-General of NATO
● 1962 - United States Atomic Energy Commission announces that the first atomic power plant at McMurdo Station in Antarctica is in operation.
● 1963 - In Paris six people are sentenced to death for conspiring to assassinate President Charles de Gaulle.
● 1964 - Jimmy Hoffa, President of the Teamsters, is convicted by a Federal jury of tampering with a Federal jury.
● 1966 - Canadian Pacific Air Lines DC-8-43 explodes on landing at Tokyo International Airport, killing 64 people.
● 1966 - London's "Evening Standard" newspaper published an interview with Beatle John Lennon in which he remarked: 'Christianity will... vanish and shrink... We're more popular than Jesus Christ right now.' The quote touched off a storm of international protest, resulting in burnings and boycotts of the Beatles' records.
● 1967 - The first North Sea gas is pumped ashore at Easington, County Durham by BP (British Petroleum).
● 1968 - Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. announces he will lead a Poor People's March on Washington in April.
● 1968 - Orbiting Geophysical Observatory 5 launched
● 1969 - Kray twins guilty of McVitie murder; The Kray twins, Ronald and Reginald, face life sentences after being found guilty of murder at the Central Criminal Court.
● 1969 - S.S. Yukon, carrying 150,000 barrels of oil, hits a submerged object and spilled its cargo into Cook Inlet, Alaska.
● 1969 - Union of Concerned Scientists founded.
● 1970 - French submarine Eurydice explodes.
● 1970 - Puerto Rican student killed by police during a demonstration against the Vietnam War.
● 1971 - "City Command" kidnaps 4 US military men at Ankara, Turkey
● 1972 - A Libyan-Soviet accord is agreed for the development of Libyan oil reserves.
● 1972 - Last train run between Penrith to Keswick UK
● 1972 - Two killed, 136 injured by IRA bomb in restaurant, Belfast, Northern Ireland.
● 1974 - Harold Wilson becomes British Prime Minister following the resignation of his predecessor Edward Heath.
● 1974 - The Rio-Niterói Bridge connecting the cities of Rio de Janeiro and Niterói in Brazil is opened.
● 1975 - Comic genius Chaplin is knighted; Silent film legend Charlie Chaplin has become Sir Charles after a ceremony at Buckingham Palace.
● 1975 - The first television coverage of a Canadian parliamentary committee is broadcast.
● 1976 - The Maguire Seven are found guilty of the offence of possessing explosives and are subsequently jailed for 14 years. Their convictions are later quashed.
● 1976 - The Northern Ireland Constitutional Convention is formally dissolved in Northern Ireland resulting in direct rule of Northern Ireland from London via the British parliament.
● 1977 - First CRAY 1 supercomputer shipped, to Los Alamos Laboratories, New Mexico.
● 1977 - The 1977 Bucharest Earthquake in southern and eastern Europe kills more than 1,500.
● 1978 - Chicago Daily News, founded in 1875, publishes its last issue.
● 1978 - Forty thousand demonstrate against uranium enrichment plant, Almelo, Netherlands.
● 1979 - The first encyclical written by Pope John Paul II, Redemptor Hominis (Latin for "The Redeemer of Man") is promulgated less than five months after his installation as pope.
● 1979 - The Ugandan capital of Kampala is threatened by invading Tanzanian forces.
● 1979 - U.S. Voyager I photo reveals Jupiter's rings.
● 1980 - Nationalist leader Robert Mugabe wins a sweeping election victory to become Zimbabwe's first black prime minister.
● 1982 - NASA launches "Intelsat V".
● 1985 - STS 51-E vehicle rolls back to Vandenberg AFB; mission cancelled
● 1985 - The Food and Drug Administration approves a blood test for AIDS, used since then for screening all blood donations in the United States.
● 1985 - U.S. Supreme Court upholds right of Oneida nation of New York to sue for lands illegally taken in 1795.
● 1985 - Virtual ban on leaded gas ordered by EPA
● 1986 - Launch of the UK's Today tabloid newspaper (now defunct), pioneering the use of computer photosetting and full-colour offset printing at a time when British national newspapers are still using Linotype machines and letterpress.
● 1987 - U.S. President Ronald Reagan addresses the American nation on the Iran-Contra Affair, acknowledging his overtures to Iran had “deteriorated” into an arms-for-hostages deal.
● 1988 - Building of the Louvre Pyramid begins at the Napoleon court of the Louvre, in Paris, France.
● 1989 - Eastern Airlines machinists strike
● 1989 - Six people die and 80 are injured, some of them seriously, at the Purley Station rail crash in Surrey, England.
● 1990 - Space Shuttle program: STS-36 (Space Shuttle Atlantis) U.S. 65th manned space mission returns from space.
● 1991 - Bank of Credit and Commerce International divests itself of First American National Bank.
● 1991 - In Iraq, Saddam Hussein releases 6 U.S., 3 British and 1 Italian prisoners of war.
● 1991 - Most primitive form of World Wide Web is put online.
● 1991 - Sheik Saad Al-Abdallah Al-Salim Al-Sabah, the Prime Minister of Kuwait, returned to his country for the first time since Iraq's invasion. {All the government heads fled well ahead of Iraq's troops but those who stay and resist are branded the cowards and the fleers, heroes.}
● 1991 - The Soviet parliament in Moscow, Russia ratifies a six-nation treaty on German unification.
● 1993 - Authorities announced the arrest of Mohammad Salameh. He was later convicted for his role in the World Trade Center Bombing in New York City.
● 1994 - Bosnia's Croats and Moslems sign an agreement to form a federation in a loose economic union with Croatia.
● 1994 - Four terrorists are convicted for their roles in the World Trade Center bombing which killed six and injured more than a thousand. {This is four more than have been convicted of participation in the attacks on September 11, 2001.}
● 1994 - Space shuttle STS-62 (Columbia 16) launches into orbit.
● 1995 - Blind teenage boy receives a 'Bionic Eye' at a Washington Hospital
● 1996 - A train carrying propane and sodium hydroxide derails in Weyauwega, Wisconsin and catches fire. 2,200 homes near the accident site are evacuated for 16 days.
● 1996 - Comet Hyakutake was imaged by the USA Asteroid Orbiter NEAR, (Near Earth Asteroid Rendezvous).
● 1997 - Brazil Senate allows women to wear slacks
● 1997 - Comet Hale-Bopp flies directly above the Sun (1.04 AU).
● 1997 - US President Bill Clinton bans federally funded human cloning research.
● 1997 - Zeya Start-1 launched (Russia)
● 1998 - Ford sued for compensation for using 10,000 slave laborers supplied by Hitler's regime.
● 1998 - Gay rights: Oncale v. Sundowner Offshore Services: The Supreme Court of the United States rules that federal laws banning on-the-job sexual harassment also apply when both parties are the same sex.
● 1998 - Government, naval and university computers running Windows NT across the United States crash as a result of a hacker. The crash affects computers running at MIT, Northwestern University, the University of Minnesota, and the University of California campuses at Berkeley, Irvine, Los Angeles, and San Diego. Microsoft repaired the software that apparently allowed hackers to shut down computers in government and university offices nationwide.
● 1999 - In a military court, Captain Richard Ashby of the United States Marines is acquitted of the charge of reckless flying which resulted in the deaths of 20 skiers in the Italian Alps when his low-flying jet hit a gondola cable. {One might wonder why he wasn't tried in an Italian court!}
● 1999 - Monica Lewinsky's book about her affair with U.S. President Clinton went on sale in the U.S.
● 1999 - Retired Supreme Court Justice Harry A. Blackmun, who wrote the 1973 decision that legalized abortion, died in Arlington, Va., at age 90.
● 2001 - A massive car bomb explodes in front of the BBC Television Centre in London, seriously injuring 11 people. The attack was attributed to the Real IRA.
● 2001 - Hintze Ribeiro disaster, a bridge collapses in northern Portugal, killing up to 70 people.
● 2001 - Switzerland and the European Union: Swiss voters overwhelmingly reject a proposal for immediate membership talks with the European Union.
● 2002 - Canada bans human embryo cloning but permits government-funded scientists to use embryos left over from fertility treatment or abortions.
● 2002 - The moderate leader albanophone Ibrahim Rugova is elected President of Kosovo by the Parliament of the Serb province that had been under international control since 1999.
● 2002 - U.S. Attack on Afghanistan: Seven American Special Operations Forces soldiers are killed as they attempt to infiltrate the Shahi Kot Valley on a low-flying helicopter reconnaissance mission.
● 2003 - In the Indian-controlled portion of Kashmir, at least 9 people are killed and 52 are injured when a bus falls into a deep gorge.
● 2003 - In the southern Philippines, a bomb hidden in a backpack explodes and kills 21 people at an airport in Davao City.
● 2004 - The files of Supreme Court Justice Harry Blackmun are released to the public five years after his death.
● 2004 - The guilty verdict for Moroccan al-Qaeda suspect Mounir el Motassadeq's involvement in the September 11, 2001 attacks is overturned by the German appeals court, which orders a retrial.
● 2005 - Martha Stewart, imprisoned for five months for her role in a stock scandal, left federal prison to start five months of home confinement.
● 2005 - The car of released Italian hostage Giuliana Sgrena is fired on by US soldiers in Iraq, causing the death of an Italian Secret Service Agent and injuring two passengers including Sgrena herself.
● 2005 - United Nations warns that about 90 million Africans could be infected by the HIV virus in the future without further action against the spread of the disease. {This number is called into question because the standards for an AIDS diagnosis in Africa radically different than the rest of world, no screening for antibodies is performed and suffering from things like the flu will qualify one for an AIDS diagnosis.}
● 2006 - A new species of shark, Mustelus hacat, is discovered in Mexico's Sea of Cortez, bringing the number of Mustelus species found in the eastern North Pacific to 5.
● 2006 - Final contact attempt with Pioneer 10 by the Deep Space Network. No response was received.
● 2006 - Prince Sverre Magnus of Norway is christened by Bishop Ole Christian Kvarme at the chapel inside the Royal Palace, Oslo.
● 2006 - The central Papeete power station is damaged by a fire, resulting in limited power for some areas of Tahiti for a couple of weeks.
● 2007 - Estonian parliamentary election: Approximately 30,000 voters take advantage of electronic voting in Estonia, the world's first nationwide voting where part of the votecasting is allowed in the form of remote electronic voting via the Internet.
● 2007 - The first of two total lunar eclipses in 2007, observed during the early hours (penumbral eclipse ending 02:23:44 UT), was unique in that it was partly visible from every continent around the world.
BIRTHS
● 1188 - Blanche of Castile, wife of Louis VIII of France (d. 1252)
● 1394 - Henry the Navigator, Portuguese sponsor of voyages of exploration (d. 1460)
● 1492 - Francesco de Layolle, Italian composer (d. c.1540)
● 1525 - Giovanni Pierluigi da Palestrina, Italian composer of Renaissance music (d. 1594)
● 1610 - William Dobson, English portraitist and painter (d. 1646)
● 1651 - John Somers, 1st Baron Somers (d. 1716)
● 1665 - Philip Christoph von Königsmarck, Swedish soldier (d. 1694)
● 1678 - Antonio Vivaldi, Italian composer (d. 1741)
● 1702 - Jack Sheppard, English burglar and escapee (d. 1724)
● 1706 - Lauritz de Thurah, Danish architect and architectural writer (d. 1759)
● 1715 - James Waldegrave, 2nd Earl Waldegrave, British statesman (d. 1763)
● 1719 - George Pigot, Baron Pigot, British governor of Madras (d. 1777)
● 1745 - Charles Dibdin, English composer (d.1814)
● 1746 - Kazimierz Pułaski, American Revolutionary War general (d. 1779)
● 1756 - Sir Henry Raeburn, Scottish painter (d. 1823)
● 1781 - Rebecca Gratz, American educator and philanthropist (d. 1869)
● 1782 - Johann Rudolf Wyss, Swiss folklorist (d. 1830)
● 1792 - Samuel Slocum, American inventor (d. 1861)
● 1793 - Karl Lachmann, German philologist (d. 1851)
● 1817 - Edwards Pierrepont, American statesman, jurist and lawyer; 34th United States Attorney General (d. 1892)
● 1819 - Charles Oberthur, German-born harpist (d. 1895)
● 1822 - Jules Antoine Lissajous, French mathematician (d. 1880)
● 1826 - John Buford, American Civil War Union cavalry officer (d. 1863)
● 1826 - Theodore Judah, American railroad engineer (d. 1863)
● 1835 - John Hughlings Jackson, English neurologist (d. 1911)
● 1847 - Karl Bayer, Austrian chemist (d. 1904)
● 1854 - Sir Napier Shaw, British meteorologist (d. 1945)
● 1856 - Alfred William Rich, English painter (d. 1921)
● 1856 - Toru Dutt, English and French poet and author (d. 1877)
● 1859 - Alexander Stepanovich Popov, Russian physicist (d. 1905)
● 1862 - Jacob Robert Emden, Swiss astrophysicist and meteorologist (d. 1940)
● 1863 - Guilląme Furrét, Portuguese playwright and political activist (d. 1937)
● 1863 - John Henry Wigmore, American jurist and expert in the law of evidence (d. 1943)
● 1863 - Reginald Innes Pocock, British zoologist (d. 1947)
● 1864 - David Watson Taylor, U.S. Navy architect (d. 1940)
● 1870 - Thomas Sturge Moore, English poet (d. 1944)
● 1871 - Boris Galerkin, Russian mathematician (d. 1945)
● 1873 - Guy Wetmore Carryl, American humorist and poet (d. 1904)
● 1873 - John H. Trumbull, 54th Governor of the U.S. state of Connecticut (d. 1961)
● 1875 - Enrique Larreta, Argentine novelist (d. 1961)
● 1875 - Mihály Károlyi, former Prime Minister of Hungary and President of Hungary (d. 1955)
● 1876 - Léon-Paul Fargue, French poet (d. 1947)
● 1876 - Theodore Hardeen, Magician and stunt performer, founder of the Magician's Guild (d. 1945)
● 1877 - Alexander Fyodorovich Gedike, Russian composer (d. 1957)
● 1877 - Fritz Graebner, German ethnologist (d. 1934)
● 1877 - Garrett Morgan, American inventor (d. 1963)
● 1878 - Arishima Takeo, Japanese novelist, short-story writer and essayist (d. 1923)
● 1878 - Egbert Van Alstyne, American songwriter and pianist (d. 1951)
● 1878 - Peter D. Ouspensky, Russian philosopher (d. 1947)
● 1879 - Josip Murn Aleksandrov, Slovenian poet (d. 1901)
● 1880 - Channing Pollock, American playwright and critic (d. 1946)
● 1881 - Maude Fealy, American actor (d. 1971)
● 1881 - Richard C. Tolman, American mathematical physicist (d. 1948)
● 1881 - Thomas Sigismund Stribling, American writer (d. 1965)
● 1881 - Todor Aleksandrov, 19th century Bulgarian revolutionary (d. 1924)
● 1882 - Nicolae Titulescu, Romanian diplomat, government minister, and former President of the League of Nations (d. 1941)
● 1883 - Sam Langford, Canadian boxer (d. 1956)
● 1884 - Red Murray, American professional baseball player (d. 1958)
● 1886 - Paul Bazelaire, French cellist (d. 1958)
● 1887 - Violet MacMillan, American Broadway theatre actress (d. 1953)
● 1888 - Jeff Pfeffer, American professional baseball pitcher (d. 1972)
● 1888 - Knute Rockne, American football player and coach (d. 1931)
● 1889 - Oren E. Long, 10th Territorial Governor of Hawai'i (d. 1965)
● 1889 - Oscar Chisini, Italian mathematician (d. 1967)
● 1889 - Pearl Fay White, American actress (d. 1938)
● 1889 - Pearl White, American actress (d. 1938)
● 1891 - Dazzy Vance, American Major League Baseball pitcher (d. 1961)
● 1891 - Lois Wilson, founder of Al-Anon (d. 1988) {Wife of Bill Wilson co-founder of AA}
● 1895 - Bjarne Brustad, Norwegian violinist (d. 1978)
● 1895 - Milt Gross, American comic book illustrator (d. 1953)
● 1895 - Shemp Howard, American comedian (Three Stooges) (d. 1955)
● 1897 - Lefty O'Doul, American baseball player (d. 1969)
● 1898 - Georges Dumézil, French philologist (d. 1940)
● 1899 - Emilio Prados, Spanish poet and editor (d. 1962)
● 1900 - Herbert Biberman, American screenwriter (d. 1971)
● 1901 - Charles Goren, American bridge player and writer (d. 1991)
● 1901 - Jean Joseph Rabearivelo, Malagasy/French poet (d. 1937)
● 1903 - Dorothy Mackaill, British-born actress (d. 1990)
● 1903 - John Scarne, American magician (d. 1985)
● 1903 - Luis Carrero Blanco, Spanish statesman (d. 1973)
● 1903 - William C. Boyd, American immunochemist (d. 1983)
● 1904 - Chief Tahachee, American-born Old Settler Cherokee Indian stage and film actor (d. 1978)
● 1904 - George Gamow, Ukrainian-born physicist (d. 1968)
● 1904 - Joseph Schmidt Austrian-Hungarian tenor and actor (d. 1942)
● 1906 - Charles Rudolph Walgreen, Jr., American businessman (d. 2007)
● 1906 - Georges Ronsse, Belgian national cyclo-cross and world champion road bicycle racer (d. 1969)
● 1906 - Meindert DeJong American author (d. 1991)
● 1907 - Eleanor "Sis" Daley, wife of Chicago mayor Richard J. Daley (d. 2003)
● 1908 - T.R.M. Howard, American civil rights leader (d. 1976)
● 1909 - Harry Helmsley, American real estate entrepreneur (d. 1997)
● 1912 - Afro Basaldella, Italian painter (d. 1976)
● 1912 - Carl Marzani, American documentarian (d. 1994)
● 1912 - Judith Furse, British character actress (d. 1974)
● 1913 - John Garfield, American actor (d. 1952)
● 1913 - Taos Amrouche, Algerian writer and singer (d. 1976)
● 1913 - Willie Johnson, American guitarist (d. 1995)
● 1914 - Gino Colaussi (Luigi Colaussi), Italian footballer (d. 1991)
● 1914 - Robert R. Wilson, American physicist, sculptor and architect (d. 2000)
● 1914 - Ward Kimball, American cartoonist (d. 2002)
● 1915 - Carlos Surinach, Spanish composer (d. 1997)
● 1916 - Giorgio Bassani, Italian writer (d. 2000)
● 1916 - Hans Eysenck, German-born psychologist (d. 1997)
● 1916 - William Alland, American actor, producer, writer and director (d. 1997)
● 1917 - Clyde McCullough, American baseball player (d. 1982)
● 1918 - Margaret Osborne duPont, American tennis player
● 1919 - Buck Baker, American racecar driver (d. 2002)
● 1920 - Alan MacNaughtan, Scottish actor (d. 2002)
● 1920 - Jean Lecanuet, French politician (d. 1993)
● 1921 - Dinny Pails, Australian tennis player
● 1921 - Halim El-Dabh, Egyptian-born composer
● 1921 - Joan Greenwood, English actress (d. 1987)
● 1921 - Wilson Harris, Guyanese writer
● 1922 - Dina Pathak (Deena Pathak), Veteran Gujarati theatre and film actress (d. 2002)
● 1922 - Martha O'Driscoll, American film actress (d. 1998)
● 1922 - Richard E. Cunha, American cinematographer and film director (d. 2005)
● 1923 - Sir Patrick Moore, British astronomer
● 1924 - Kenneth O'Donnell, Aide to US President John F. Kennedy (d. 1977)
● 1925 - Paul Mauriat, French musician (d. 2006)
● 1926 - Don Rendell, English jazz musician and arranger
● 1926 - Fran Warren, American singer
● 1926 - James J. Eagan, Former Mayor of Florissant, Missouri (d. 2000)
● 1926 - Pascual Pérez, Argentine flyweight boxer (d. 1977)
● 1926 - Richard DeVos, American billionaire, co-founder of Amway
● 1927 - Cy Touff, American jazz musician (d. 2003)
● 1927 - Dick Savitt, American tennis player
● 1927 - Philip Batt, 29th Governor of the U.S. state of Idaho
● 1927 - Robert Orben, American magician
● 1927 - Thayer David, American actor (d. 1978)
● 1928 - Alan Sillitoe, English writer
● 1928 - Samuel Adler, American composer
● 1929 - Bernard Haitink, Dutch conductor
● 1929 - Josep Mestres Quadreny, Catalan composer
● 1931 - Alice Rivlin, American economist
● 1931 - Bob Johnson, American ice hockey coach (d. 1991)
● 1931 - Wally Bruner, American journalist and television host (d. 1997)
● 1931 - William Henry Keeler, American Roman Catholic Archbishop and Cardinal
● 1932 - Ed "Big Daddy" Roth, American car designer (d. 2001)
● 1932 - Frank Wells, American entertainment businessman (d. 1994)
● 1932 - Miriam Makeba, South African singer
● 1932 - Ryszard Kapuściński, Polish journalist (d. 2007)
● 1933 - Ann Burton, Dutch jazz singer (d. 1989)
● 1933 - John W Mills, British sculptor
● 1933 - Nino Vaccarella, former Italian sports car racing and Formula One driver
● 1934 - Anne Haney, American actress (d. 2001)
● 1934 - Barbara McNair, American singer and actress (d. 2007)
● 1934 - Gleb Yakunin, Russian priest and dissident
● 1934 - Janez Strnad, Slovenian physicist
● 1934 - John Duffey, American bluegrass musician (d. 1996)
● 1934 - Mario Davidovsky, Argentinian composer
● 1935 - Bent Larsen, Danish chess player
● 1935 - Nancy Whiskey, Scottish folk singer (d. 2003)
● 1936 - Aribert Reimann, German composer
● 1936 - Jim Clark, OBE, Scottish racing driver and two-time F1 world champion (d. 1968)
● 1937 - Barney Wilen, French jazz saxophonist (d. 1996)
● 1937 - Graham Dowling, New Zealand cricketer
● 1937 - Leslie Gelb, American foreign policy advisor
● 1937 - Yuri Senkevich, Russian cosmonaut (d. 2003)
● 1938 - Adam Daniel Rotfeld, Polish diplomat and researcher
● 1938 - Angus MacLise, American percussionist (d. 1979)
● 1938 - Don Perkins, American football player
● 1938 - Paula Prentiss, American actress
● 1939 - Carlos Vereza, Brazilian actor
● 1939 - Jack Fisher, American baseball player
● 1939 - Paula Prentiss, American actress
● 1940 - Volodymyr Morozov, Ukrainian flatwater canoer
● 1941 - Adrian Lyne, English film director
● 1941 - Bobby Shew, American jazz musician
● 1941 - John Aprea, American actor
● 1942 - Charles C. Krulak, 31st Commandant of the U.S. Marine Corps
● 1942 - David Matthews, American keyboardist, pianist, and arranger
● 1942 - Gloria Gaither, American gospel songwriter
● 1943 - Lucio Dalla, Italian singer and songwriter
● 1943 - Zoltan Jeney, Hungarian composer
● 1944 - Bobby Womack, American singer
● 1944 - Harvey Postlethwaite, English engineer and race car designer (d. 1999)
● 1944 - Ulrich Roski, German singer-songwriter (d. 2003)
● 1945 - Dieter Meier, Swiss singer
● 1945 - Gary Williams, American basketball coach
● 1945 - Tara Browne, British socialite (d. 1966)
● 1945 - Tommy Svensson, Swedish football manager
● 1946 - Haile Gerima, Ethiopian filmmaker
● 1946 - Harvey Goldsmith, British impresario
● 1946 - Michael Ashcroft, English entrepreneur
● 1947 - David Franzoni, American screenwriter
● 1947 - Gunnar Hansen, Icelandic actor
● 1947 - Gwen Welles, American actress (d. 1993)
● 1947 - Jan Garbarek, Norwegian musician
● 1948 - Chris Squire, English bassist (Yes)
● 1948 - James Ellroy, American writer
● 1948 - Jean O'Leary, American gay and lesbian rights activist and politician (d. 2005)
● 1948 - Leron Lee, American baseball player
● 1948 - Lindy Chamberlain, Australian author
● 1948 - Shakin' Stevens, Welsh singer
● 1948 - Tom Grieve, American baseball player
● 1949 - Carroll Baker, Canadian country singer and songwriter
● 1950 - Ofelia Medina, Mexican actress and screenwriter
● 1950 - Rick Perry, Governor of Texas
● 1951 - Chris Rea, English singer
● 1951 - Edelgard Bulmahn, German politician
● 1951 - Kenny Dalglish, Scottish footballer and manager
● 1951 - Linda Yamamoto, Japanese singer
● 1951 - Mike Quarry, American light heavyweight boxer (d. 2006)
● 1951 - Sam Perlozzo, American Major League Baseball manager (Baltimore Orioles)
● 1951 - Theresa Hak Kyung Cha, American novelist (d. 1982)
● 1952 - Ronn Moss, American actor (''The Bold and the Beautiful'')
● 1952 - Scott Hicks, Ugandan-born movie director
● 1952 - Umberto Tozzi, Italian singer
● 1953 - Chris Smith, American politician
● 1953 - Emilio Estefan, Cuban percussionist (Miami Sound Machine)
● 1953 - Kay Lenz, American actress
● 1953 - Paweł Janas, Polish football manager and former footballer
● 1953 - Scott Hicks, Ugandan-born film director
● 1954 - Adrian Zmed, American actor
● 1954 - Catherine O'Hara, Canadian actress
● 1954 - François Fillon, French politician, Prime Minister of France
● 1954 - Irina Ratushinskaya, Russian writer and dissident
● 1954 - Mark Chorvinsky, American author and editor (d. 2005)
● 1954 - Peter Jacobsen, American professional golfer
● 1954 - Willie Thorne, English snooker player
● 1955 - Dominique Pinon, French actor
● 1955 - James Weaver, English race car driver
● 1955 - Rowland Charles Gould (Boon Gould) English musician (Level 42)
● 1956 - Kermit Driscoll, American jazz bassist
● 1957 - Jim Dwyer, American journalist and Pulitzer Prize winner
● 1957 - Rick Mast, American NASCAR driver
● 1958 - Lennie Lee, British artist
● 1958 - Patricia Heaton, American actress (''Everybody Loves Raymond'')
● 1959 - Rick Ardon, Australian news presenter
● 1960 - Christina Sussiek, former German athlete
● 1960 - John Mugabi, Ugandan boxer
● 1960 - Mikko Kuustonen, Finnish singer and songwriter
● 1960 - Mykelti Williamson, American actor
● 1961 - Ray Mancini, American boxer
● 1961 - Roger Wessels, South African golfer
● 1961 - Sabine Everts, former German track athlete
● 1961 - Steven Weber, American actor ("Studio 60 on the Sunset Strip," "Wings")
● 1962 - David Sparrow, English actor
● 1962 - Greg Kragen, American footballer
● 1962 - Lolo Ferrari, French actress (d. 2000)
● 1962 - Simon Bisley, British comic book artist
● 1963 - Barbara Bubula, Polish politician
● 1963 - Daniel Roebuck, American actor
● 1963 - Janey Lee Grace, English singer, author, television presenter and radio disc jockey
● 1963 - Jason Newsted, American bassist (Metallica)
● 1964 - Tom Lampkin, American baseball player
● 1965 - Andrew Collins, English journalist, scriptwriter and broadcaster
● 1965 - Gary Helms, American country singer
● 1965 - Jonathan Shearer, Scottish castaway
● 1965 - Khaled Hosseini, Afghan author and physician
● 1965 - Paul W. S. Anderson, English filmmaker
● 1965 - Stacy Edwards, American actress (''Chicago Hope'')
● 1965 - WestBam (Maximillian Lenz), German rave techno DJ
● 1965 - Yuri Lonchakov, Russian cosmonaut
● 1966 - Daniela Amavia, Greek-American actress and international model
● 1966 - Dav Pilkey, American author
● 1966 - Emese Hunyady, Hungarian speed skater
● 1966 - Grand Puba, American rapper
● 1966 - Kevin Johnson, American basketball player
● 1966 - Patrick Hannan, Rock musician (The Sundays)
● 1966 - Sophia Ferrari, Italian actress
● 1966 - Steve Bastoni, Italian Australian actor
● 1966 - Wash West, English gay porn film director
● 1967 - Andrew Osmond, English writer
● 1967 - Daryll Cullinan, South African cricketer
● 1967 - Evan Dando, American musician (The Lemonheads)
● 1967 - Kubilay Türkyılmaz, former Turkish-Swiss footballer
● 1968 - Giovanni Carrara, Venezuelan baseball player
● 1968 - Kyriakos Mitsotakis, Greek politician
● 1968 - Patsy Kensit, English actress
● 1969 - Annie Shizuka Inoh, Taiwanese actress
● 1969 - Chastity Bono, American actress and gay rights activist
● 1969 - Jason Townsend, American artist and record producer
● 1969 - Patrick Roach, Canadian actor
● 1969 - Pierluigi Casiraghi, Italian football manager
● 1969 - Stina Nordenstam, Swedish experimental pop singer, songwriter and musician
● 1970 - Àlex Crivillé, Spanish Grand Prix motorcycle road racer
● 1970 - Andrea Bendewald, American actress
● 1971 - Fergal Lawler, Irish drummer (The Cranberries)
● 1971 - Iain Baird, Canadian soccer player
● 1971 - Jason Sellers, Country singer
● 1971 - Jovan Stanković, Serbian footballer
● 1971 - Satoshi Motoyama, Japanese racing driver
● 1971 - Shavar Ross, American actor-turned film director, writer, film producer and editor
● 1971(70? NYT) - Nick Stabile, American actor
● 1972 - Alison Wheeler, British singer (The Beautiful South)
● 1972 - Ivy Queen, American composer and singer
● 1972 - Jos Verstappen, Dutch Formula One driver
● 1972 - Pae Gil-Su, North Korean gymnast
● 1972 - Robert Smith, American footballer
● 1973 - Len Wiseman, American director
● 1973 - Phillip Daniels, American footballer
● 1973 - Summer Cummings, American actress
● 1974 - Ariel Ortega, Argentine footballer
● 1974 - Edward Hancock II, American author
● 1974 - ICS Vortex (Simen Hestnæs), Norwegian vocalist (Arcturus)
● 1974 - Karol Kučera, Slovak tennis player
● 1974 - Tommy Phelps, American baseball player
● 1975 - Antti Aalto, Finnish ice hockey player
● 1975 - Hawksley Workman, Canadian rock singer-songwriter
● 1975 - Kim Jung-Eun, South Korean actress
● 1975 - Kirsten Bolm, German hurdler
● 1975 - Myrna Veenstra, Dutch field hockey player
● 1975 - Patrick Femerling, German-born professional basketball player
● 1976 - Hiram Bocachica, Puerto Rican baseball player
● 1976 - Scott Sturgeon (Stza Crack), American musician (Choking Victim and Leftover Crack)
● 1976 - Sean Covel, American film producer
● 1976 - Thierry Renaer, Belgian field hockey player
● 1976 - Vic Wunderle, American archer
● 1977 - Ana Gabriela Guevara, Mexican athlete
● 1977 - Daniel Klewer, German footballer
● 1977 - Jason Marsalis, American musician
● 1977 - Juha Helppi, Finnish professional poker player
● 1977 - Sabrina Sabrok, Argentine-Mexican model, television actress and singer
● 1978 - Denis Dallan, Italian rugby union footballer
● 1978 - Nate Ackerman, British-American logician and wrestler
● 1978 - Pierre Dagenais, Canadian ice hockey player
● 1978 - Rachel Roberts, Canadian model and actress
● 1979 - Ben Fouhy, New Zealand flatwater canoeist
● 1979 - Geoff Huegill, Australian swimmer
● 1979 - John Lawler (John Fratelli), Scottish singer (The Fratellis)
● 1980 - Arash Markazi, American sportswriter
● 1980 - Jack Hannahan, American baseball player
● 1980 - Jung Da Bin, South Korean actress (d. 2007)
● 1980 - Omar Bravo, Mexican footballer
● 1981 - Carol Banawa, Filipina singer and celebrity
● 1981 - Donny Tourette, English punk rock singer (Towers of London)
● 1982 - Charity Rahmer, American actress
● 1982 - Landon Donovan, American soccer player
● 1982 - Mariano Altuna, Argentine racing driver
● 1983 - Matthew Krok, former Australian child actor
● 1983 - Max Vergara Poeti, Colombian writer
● 1984 - Ai Iwamura, Japanese actress
● 1984 - Zak Whitbread, American-born English soccer player
● 1985 - Chinedum Ndukwe, American football player
● 1986 - Bohdan Shust, Ukrainian footballer
● 1986 - Margo Harshman, American actress
● 1986 - Tom De Mul, Belgian footballer
● 1990 - Andrea Bowen, American actress (''Desperate Housewives'')
● 1991 - Diandra Newlin, American actress, singer, and fashion model
● 1992 - Jazmin Grace Grimaldi, daughter of Albert II, Prince of Monaco
● 1993 - Abigail Mavity, American actress
● 1993 - Alice Jones, British actress
● 1993 - Jenna Boyd, American actress
● 1993 - Yves Michel-Beneche, American actor
● 1998 - Prince Paul Louis of Nassau, son of Prince Guillaume of Luxembourg
DEATHS
● 251 - Pope Lucius I
● 480 - Saint Landry, bishop of Sées
● 561 - Pope Pelagius I
● 1172 - Stephen III of Hungary (b. 1147)
● 1193 - Saladin, Kurdish sultan (b. 1137)
● 1238 - Joan of England, Queen Consort of Scotland, wife of Alexander II (b. 1210)
● 1238 - Yuri II, Grand Prince of Vladimir (b. 1189)
● 1303 - Daniel of Moscow, Russian Saint, Grand Prince of Muscovy (b. 1261)
● 1484 - Saint Casimir, Prince of Poland (b. 1458)
● 1496 - Sigismund of Austria (b. 1427)
● 1583 - Bernard Gilpin, English clergyman, "Apostle of the North" (b. 1517)
● 1604 - Fausto Paolo Sozzini, Italian theologian (b. 1539)
● 1615 - Hans von Aachen, German painter (b. 1552)
● 1619 - Anne of Denmark, wife of James I (b. 1574)
● 1710 - Louis III, Prince of Condé (b. 1668)
● 1733 - Claude de Forbin, French naval commander (b. 1656)
● 1744 - John Anstis, Garter King of Arms (b. 1669)
● 1762 - Johannes Zick, German fresco painter (b. 1702)
● 1793 - Louis de Bourbon, French admiral (b. 1725)
● 1795 - John Collins, American politician (b. 1717)
● 1805 - Jean-Baptiste Greuze, French painter (b. 1725)
● 1807 - Abraham Baldwin, American politician (b. 1754)
● 1821 - Princess Elizabeth of Clarence, daughter of King William IV, granddaughter of King George III (b. 1820)
● 1832 - Jean-François Champollion, French scholar (b. 1790)
● 1851 - James Richardson, British explorer (b. 1809)
● 1852 - Nikolai Gogol, Russian writer (b. 1809)
● 1853 - Christian Leopold von Buch, German geologist (b. 1774)
● 1858 - Matthew Perry, U.S. naval officer (b. 1794)
● 1864 - Thomas Starr King, influential Californian Unitarian minister during the American Civil War (b. 1824)
● 1866 - Alexander Campbell, Irish founder of the Disciples of Christ (b. 1788)
● 1868 - Jesse Chisholm, American pioneer of the Chisholm Trail (b. 1805)
● 1872 - Johannes Carsten Hauch, Danish poet (b. 1790)
● 1883 - Alexander Hamilton Stephens, former Vice President of the Confederate States of America (b. 1812)
● 1888 - Amos Bronson Alcott, American philosopher (b. 1799)
● 1903 - Joseph Henry Shorthouse, English novelist (b. 1834)
● 1906 - John McAllister Schofield, former U.S. Secretary of War and Commanding General of the U.S. Army (b. 1831)
● 1910 - Knut Ångström, Swedish physicist (b. 1857)
● 1915 - William Willett, Inventor of Daylight Saving Time (b. 1856)
● 1916 - Franz Marc, German artist (b. 1880)
● 1922 - Bert Williams, American entertainer (b. 1874)
● 1925 - James Ward, English psychologist and philosopher (b. 1843)
● 1925 - John Montgomery "Monte" Ward, American baseball player (b. 1860)
● 1925 - Moritz Moszkowski, Polish/German composer (b. 1854)
● 1927 - Ira Remsen American chemist (b. 1846)
● 1938 - George Foster Peabody, American politician (b. 1852)
● 1938 - Jack Taylor, American baseball player (b. 1874)
● 1940 - Hamlin Garland, American novelist (b. 1860)
● 1941 - Ludwig Quidde, German pacifist, recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize (b. 1858)
● 1944 - Emanuel Weiss, American hitman (b. 1906) (executed)
● 1944 - Fannie Barrier Williams, American educator and political activist (b. 1855)
● 1944 - Louis Buchalter, Jewish American mobster (b.1897) (executed)
● 1944 - Louis Capone, New York organized crime figure (b. 1896) (executed)
● 1945 - Lucille La Verne, American actress (d. 1972)
● 1945 - Mark Sandrich, American film director, writer and producer (b. 1900)
● 1946 - Bror von Blixen-Finecke, Danish big-game hunter (b. 1886)
● 1948 - Antonin Artaud, French actor/director (b. 1896)
● 1950 - Adam Rainer, the only man in recorded human history ever to have been both a dwarf and a giant (b. 1899)
● 1952 - Charles Scott Sherrington, English scientist, Nobel laureate (b. 1857)
● 1954 - Noel Gay, English composer, (b. 1898)
● 1959 - Maxey Long, American athlete (b. 1878)
● 1960 - Herbert O'Conor, 51st Governor of the US State of Maryland (b. 1896)
● 1960 - Leonard Warren, American baritone (b. 1911)
● 1962 - George Mogridge, Major League Baseball pitcher (b. 1889)
● 1963 - William Carlos Williams, American poet (b. 1883)
● 1967 - José Martínez Ruiz, Spanish poet and writer (b. 1873)
● 1967 - Michel Plancherel, Swiss mathematician (b. 1885)
● 1967 - Vladan Desnica, Croatian and Serbian writer (b. 1905)
● 1969 - Nicholas Schenck, Russian-born film empresario (b. 1881)
● 1973 - Samuel Tolansky, British scientist and expert on spectroscopy (b. 1907)
● 1974 - Adolph Gottlieb, American painter (b. 1903)
● 1976 - Walter H. Schottky, German physicist (b. 1886)
● 1977 - Andrés Caicedo, Colombian writer (b. 1951)
● 1977 - Lutz Graf Schwerin von Krosigk, German politician and former Chancellor of Germany (b. 1887)
● 1977 - Toma Caragiu, Romanian actor (b. 1925)
● 1978 - Wesley Bolin, former Governor of the U.S. State of Arizona (b. 1909) {Bolin was a long time (over 30 years) Secretary of State for Arizona and a regular on the "rubber chicken" circuit (about 300 times a year), it is amazing on such a diet he lived as long as he did.}
● 1979 - Willi Unsoeld, American mountain climber (b. 1926)
● 1981 - Torin Thatcher, Indian actor (b. 1905)
● 1981 - Yip Harburg, American lyricist (b. 1896)
● 1984 - Ernest Buckler, Canadian novelist (b. 1908)
● 1984 - Geoffrey Lumsden, British actor (b. 1914)
● 1984 - Jewel Carmen, American actress (b. 1897)
● 1986 - Howard Greenfield, American songwriter (b. 1936)
● 1986 - Richard Manuel, Canadian musician (The Band) (b. 1943)
● 1989 - Tiny Grimes, American jazz and R&B guitarist (b. 1916)
● 1990 - Hank Gathers, American basketball player (b. 1967)
● 1992 - Art Babbitt, American animator (b. 1907)
● 1993 - Art Hodes, American jazz pianist (b. 1904)
● 1994 - John Candy, Canadian comedian (b. 1950)
● 1995 - Eden Ahbez, American composer (b. 1908)
● 1996 - Minnie Pearl, American comedian (b. 1912)
● 1997 - Carey Loftin, American actor/stuntman (b. 1914)
● 1997 - Robert H. Dicke, American physicist (b. 1916)
● 1999 - Del Close, American actor (b. 1934)
● 1999 - Harry Blackmun, Associate Justice of the U.S. Supreme Court (b. 1908)
● 1999 - Karel van het Reve, Dutch writer (b. 1921)
● 2001 - Fred Lasswell, American cartoonist (b. 1916)
● 2001 - Glenn Hughes, American singer (The Village People) (b. 1950)
● 2001 - Harold Stassen, American politician (b. 1907) {Perennial Republican candidate for President at first serious, 1948/1952, later to be figure of ridicule.}
● 2001 - Jim Rhodes, Governor of Ohio (b. 1909)
● 2002 - Claire Davenport, English actress (b. 1933)
● 2002 - Elyne Mitchell, Australian author (b. 1913)
● 2002 - Eric Flynn, British actor/singer (b. 1939)
● 2002 - Velibor Vasović, Yugoslavian footballer (b. 1939)
● 2003 - Jaba Ioseliani, Georgian bank robber (b. 1926)
● 2003 - Sébastien Japrisot, French author, screenwriter and film director (b. 1931)
● 2004 - Claude Nougaro, French singer (b. 1929)
● 2004 - George Pake, American physicist (b. 1924)
● 2004 - John McGeoch, Scottish musician (b. 1955)
● 2004 - Stephen Sprouse, American fashion designer (b. 1953)
● 2005 - Carlos Sherman, Uruguayan-born writer (b. 1934)
● 2005 - Nicola Calipari, Italian secret service agent (b. 1953)
● 2005 - Robert Consoli, American actor and musician (b. 1964)
● 2005 - Una Hale, Australian soprano (b. 1922)
● 2005 - Yuriy Kravchenko, Ukrainian statesman (b. 1951)
● 2006 - Dave Rose, American artist (b. 1910)
● 2006 - Edgar Valter, Estonian illustrator/cartoonist (b. 1929)
● 2006 - John Reynolds Gardiner, American engineer (b. 1944)
● 2006 - Roman Ogaza, Polish footballer (b. 1952)
● 2007 - Bob Hattoy, American activist (b. 1950)
● 2007 - Ian Wooldridge, British sports journalist (b. 1932)
● 2007 - Natalie Bodanya (Natalie Bodanskaya), American soprano (b. 1908)
● 2007 - Richard Joseph, British games soundtrack composer (b. 1954)
● 2007 - Sunil Kumar Mahato, Indian parliamentarian (b. 1966)
● 2007 - Tadeusz Nalepa, Polish composer, guitar player, vocalist and lyricist (b. 1934)
● 2007 - Thomas Eagleton, American politician (b. 1929)
HOLIDAYS AND OBSERVANCES
● Roman Catholic:
● St. Adrian of Nicomedia, bishop of St. Andrew's, and his Companions.
● St. Appian
● St. Basil and Companions
● St. Basinus
● St. Casimir of Poland, patron saint of Lithuania.
● St. Efrem
● St. Felix of Rhuys
● St. Humbert III of Savoy, Blessed
● St. Lucius I, pope, martyr.
● St. Owen
● St. Peter of Pappacarbone
● St. Pierre de Cluny
● St. Placide Viel
● Russian Orthodox Christian Menaion Calendar for February 21 (Civil Date: March 4)
● St. Timothy of Symbola in Bithynia.
● St. Eustathius (Eustace), Archbishop of Antioch.
● St. George, Bishop of Amastris on the Black Sea.
● Services combined with St. Eustathius
● St. John the Scholastic, Patriarch of Constantinople.
● St. Zachariah, Patriarch of Jerusalem.
● "Kozelshchanskaya" Icon of the Most Holy Theotokos.
● Repose of Blessed Simon Todorsky, Bishop of Pskov (1754), and Elder Macarius of Glinsk Hermitage (1864).
● Wales - Feast day of Rhiannon, Celtic Moon Goddess.
● Pennsylvania - Charter Day (1681).
● St. Thomas, Ontario, Canada - Charter Day (1881)
● Thailand - Magka Puja
● United States - Constitution Day (1789)
● United States - Inauguration Day (1789 - 1933)
● Admission Day to the United States
● Vermont - 14th state (1791)
IN FICTION
● 1881 - Holmes & Watson begin "A Study in Scarlet", 1st case together
THIS IS AN ABBREVIATED POST FOR THIS DATE USING ONLY THE FOLLOWING EIGHT SOURCES. A COMPLETE POST IS PLANNED AS SOON AS TIME ALLOWS.
This Previous Day in History Post With
This Original Wikipedia List form the core of this post.
Additional facts taken from:
Information on Geov Parrish's this Day in Radical History, things that happened on this day that you never had to memorize in school.
Roman Catholic Saint of the Day
Russian Orthodox Christian Menaion Calendar
Liberal Quotes of the Day taken from The Best Liberal Quotes Ever: Why the Left Is Right Compiled by William P. Martin ©2004
Quotes from the Right of the Day taken from Take Them at Their Words: Startling, Amusing and Baffling Quotations from the GOP and Their Friends, 1994-2004 Compiled by Bruce J. Miller with Diana Maio ©2004
Dumbest Thing Said for the Day taken from 1001 Dumbest Things Ever Said Edited by Steven D. Price ©2004
Permanent Backlink to Post
Monday, March 03, 2008
March 3......
March 3 is the 62nd day of the year (63rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. There are 303 days remaining in the year on this date.
Day of the week in surrounding years:
1980,1986,. . . .,1997,2003—MON—2008
1981,1987,1992,1998,. . . .—TUE—2009
1982,. . . .,1993,1999,2004—WED—2010
1983,1988,1994,. . . .,2005—THU—2011
. . . .,1989,1995,2000,2006—FRI—. . . .
1984,1990,. . . .,2001,2007—SAT—2012
1985,1991,1996,2002,. . . .—SUN—2013
PASCAL DATE INFORMATION
Easter Sunday for the Western Christian Church is defined as the first Sunday following the first full moon after the Spring Equinox. Lent is defined as the forty days prior to Easter not including Sundays thus Lent begins on Ash Wednesday, which is 46 days prior to Easter. Calculations for Ash Wednesday and Easter Sunday were performed for the 3774 years from 326 to 4099. For the year range 326 to 1582, dates are based on the Julian calendar. For years 1583 to 4099, dates are based on the Gregorian calendar. Ash Wednesday falls in a range of 36 days from February 4 to March 10. Easter Sunday falls in a range of 35 days from March 22 to April 25. The extra day in the Ash Wednesday range is February 29, which only occurs in leap years. February 29 only effects when Ash Wednesday occurs since it is well before the Spring Equinox and has no effect on the date for Easter Sunday. March 10 to March 21 is a twelve-day range that must occur in Lent no matter the timing of Easter Sunday. The entire range of 82 dates from February 4 to April 25 represents all dates with Pascal ramifications.
March 3 is the 29th possible date for Ash Wednesday. Ash Wednesday occurs on this date 117 times during the 3774 years calculated and is ranked 21st of the 36 dates.
It occurred on this date previously in the years:
336, 398, 409, 420, 493, 504, 583, 588, 667, 678, 751, 762, 773, 835, 846, 857, 868, 930, 941, 952, 1025, 1036, 1115, 1120, 1199, 1210, 1283, 1294, 1305, 1367, 1378, 1389, 1400, 1462, 1473, 1484, 1557, 1568, 1593, 1604, 1677, 1683, 1688, 1745, 1756, 1802, 1813, 1824, 1897, 1954, 1965, 1976
It will occur on this date in the future in the years:
2049, 2055, 2060, 2106, 2117, 2128, 2269, 2275, 2280, 2337, 2348, 2421, 2427, 2432, 2500, 2579, 2584, 2641, 2647, 2652, 2709, 2720, 2793, 2799, 2804, 2883, 2888, 2894, 2951, 2956, 2962, 3013, 3019, 3024, 3165, 3171, 3176, 3255, 3260, 3266, 3317, 3323, 3328, 3475, 3480, 3486, 3543, 3548, 3627, 3632, 3638, 3700, 3779, 3790, 3847, 3852, 3858, 3909, 3915, 3920, 3999, 4004, 4010, 4083, 4094
Best Liberal Quote of the Day: On Fools & Fanatics "What is objectionable, what is dangerous, about extremists is not that they are extreme, but that they are intolerant. The evil is not what they say about their cause, but what they say about their opponents." — Robert F. Kennedy
Stupidest and/or Scariest Quote from the Right for the Day: On Beat the Press "[Seymour Hersh is] the closest thing American journalism has to a terrorist." — Richard Perle to Wolf Blitzer on CNN. Stanley I. Kutler, "There Will Absolutely Be No Dissension," Chicago Tribune, 3-18-03. Perle disliked Hersh's article about him: "Lunch With the Chairman," The New Yorker, 3-17-03.
Dumbest Thing Said for the Day: From the world of Sports "I've made a couple of mistakes I'd Like to do over." — Jerry Coleman was an infielder for the Yankees (what is it about the Bronx Bombers that turned out such a raft of funny speakers?), and manager of the San Diego Padres. After playing, he made his mark as a radio and TV broadcaster, where his malapropisms, non sequiturs, and other goofs became legendary. Coleman is Hall of Shame member #8.
{Disclaimer: I have attempted to give credit to the many different sources that I get entries. Any failure to do so is unintentional. Any statement enclosed by brackets like these are the opinion of the blogger, A Proud Liberal.}
MOON PHASE
Berkeley, California—Times are Pacific Standard Time (PST)
Mar 3, 2008 2:00 AM Name: Waning Crescent Percent of Full: 20% Age: 85% Rise: 4:22 AM Set: 1:57 PM
Surprise, Arizona—Times are Mountain Standard Time (MST)
Mar 3, 2008 2:00 AM Name: Waning Crescent Percent of Full: 20% Age: 85% Rise: 4:28 AM Set: 2:28 PM
Iowa City, Iowa—Times are Central Standard Time (CST)
Mar 3, 2008 2:00 AM Name: Waning Crescent Percent of Full: 21% Age: 85% Rise: 4:29 AM Set: 1:36 PM
Cambridge, Massachusetts—Times are Eastern Standard Time (EST)
Mar 3, 2008 2:00 AM Name: Waning Crescent Percent of Full: 21% Age: 85% Rise: 4:08 AM Set: 1:08 PM
NASA ASTRONOMY PICTURE OF THE DAY
Sand Dunes Thawing on Mars
Credit: HiRISE, MRO, LPL (U. Arizona), NASA
Click picture to go to NASA APOD site for full explanation
EVENTS
● 78 - Origin of Saka Era (India)
● 468 - St. Simplicius elected to succeed Catholic Pope Hilarius
● 493 - Ostrogoten King Theodorik the Great beats Odoaker
● 561 - Pelagius I ends his reign as Catholic Pope
● 1409 - Austrian civil war ends
● 1431 - Bishop Gabriele Condulmer elected as Pope Eugene IV
● 1547 - The Seventh Session of the Council of Trent declared: 'If anyone says that one baptized cannot, even if he wishes, lose grace, however much he may sin, unless he is unwilling to believe, let him be anathema.'
● 1575 - Indian Mughal Emperor Akbar defeats Bengali army at the Battle of Tukaroi
● 1585 - The Olympic Theatre, designed by Andrea Palladio, is inaugurated in Vicenza
● 1627 - Piet Heyn conquerors 22 ships in Bay of Salvador Brazil
● 1638 - Duke Bernard van Saksen-Weimar occupies Rheinfelden
● 1639 - The early settlement of Taunton, Massachusetts is incorporated as a town.
● 1657 - Blacks and Native Americans rebel in Massachusetts.
● 1744 - Colonial missionary to the American Indians, David Brainerd wrote in his journal: 'In the morning, spent an hour in prayer. Prayer was so sweet an exercise to me that I knew not how to cease, lest I lose the spirit of prayer.'
● 1746 - Bonnie Prince Charlie occupies Castle of Inverness
● 1776 - US commodore Esek Hopkins occupies Nassau Bahamas
● 1791 - 1st Internal Revenue Act (taxing distilled spirits & carriages)
● 1791 - The United States Mint is created by the U.S. Congress.
● 1794 - Richard Allen founded AME Church
● 1801 - 1st US Jewish Governor, David Emanuel, takes office in Georgia
● 1803 - 1st impeachment trial of a federal judge, John Pickering, begins
● 1803 - Colégio Militar is founded in Portugal by Colonel Teixeira Rebello.
● 1805 - Louisiana-Missouri Territory forms
● 1812 - US Congress passes 1st foreign aid bill (aids Venezuela earthquake victims)
● 1813 - Office of Surgeon General of the US army is established
● 1815 - US declares war on Algiers for taking US prisoners & demanding tribute
● 1817 - Mississippi Territory is divided into Alabama Territory & Mississippi
● 1817 - The first commercial steamboat route from Louisville to New Orleans was opened.
● 1820 - Missouri Compromise passes, allowing slavery in Missouri
● 1833 - According to Akilattirattu Ammanai, Ayya Vaikundar arises from the sea as avatar of Narayana at Thiruchendur.
● 1835 - Congress authorizes a US mint at New Orleans LA
● 1837 - Congress increases Supreme Court membership from 7 to 9 {Later attempts to enlarge the Court have failed, most notably FDR's attempt in the 1930s.}
● 1837 - US President Andrew Jackson & Congress recognizes Republic of Texas
● 1838 - Rebellion at Pelee Island, Ontario Canada
● 1842 - 1st US child labor law regulating working hours passed (Massachusetts)
● 1843 - Congress appropriates $30,000 "to test the practicability of establishing a system of electro-magnetic telegraphs" by the US
● 1845 - 1st US law overriding a Presidential veto (John Tyler's)
● 1845 - Congress authorizes ocean mail contracts for foreign mail delivery
● 1845 - Florida is admitted as the 27th U.S. state.
● 1847 - Alexander Graham Bell, the Scottish-born American inventor of the telephone, was born.
● 1847 - Post Office Department authorized to issue postage stamps
● 1849 - Minnesota Territory organizes as a political division of the United States.
● 1849 - The Home Department, forerunner of the Interior Department, was established.
● 1849 - The U.S. Congress passes the Gold Coinage Act authorizing $20 Double Eagle gold coin.
● 1851 - Congress authorizes smallest US silver coin (3¢ piece)
● 1853 - Transcontinental railroad survey is authorized by Congress
● 1853 - US Assay Office in New York NY authorized
● 1855 - Congress approves $30,000 to test camels for military use
● 1855 - Registration of letters authorized by Congress
● 1857 - France and the United Kingdom declare war on China.
● 1861 - Alexander II of Russia signs the Emancipation Manifesto, freeing serfs.
● 1862 - General Pope lays siege in front of New Madrid MO
● 1863 - Abraham Lincoln approves charter for National Academy of Sciences
● 1863 - Congress authorizes a US mint at Carson City NV
● 1863 - Federal ironclad ships bomb Fort McAllister Georgia
● 1863 - First U.S. draft law passes. Contains a clause providing draft exemption in exchange for $300 -- a sum that only the rich could afford to pay.
● 1863 - Free city delivery replaces zone postage; 449 letter carriers hired
● 1863 - Gold certificates (currency) authorized by Congress
● 1863 - Idaho Territory organizes as a political division of the United States.
● 1865 - Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen, & Abandoned Lands established to help destitute free blacks
● 1865 - Opening of the Hong Kong and Shanghai Banking Corporation, the founding member of the HSBC Group.
● 1869 - University of South Carolina opens to all races
● 1870 - Paraguay - The forces of Francisco Solano Lopez are annihilated at Cora Hill.
● 1871 - Reacting strongly to charges of corruption, US Congress establishes a Commission on Civil Service Reform. In four years, however, it fails to appropriate a single penny for the Commission, which as a result, is forced to disband.
● 1871 - U.S. Congress calls all Native Americans wards of state, nullifying all treaties.
● 1873 - "Salary Grab" Act passes, raising the salaries of U.S. congressmen and government officials retroactively.
● 1873 - Censorship: The U.S. Congress enacts the Comstock Law, making it illegal to send any "obscene, lewd, or lascivious" books through the mail.
● 1873 - Congress authorizes federal departmental postage stamps
● 1875 - Congress authorizes 20¢ coin, lasts only 3 years
● 1875 - Illegal act of Congress removes lands from Oregon Coast Reservation, despite opposition by Coos and other tribes. Alsea Reservation, Oregon, is returned to public domain.
● 1877 - Rutherford B. Hayes is privately inaugurated as the 19th President of the United States (his public inauguration coming on March 5).
● 1878 - Bulgaria liberated from Turkey (Peace of San Stefano)
● 1878 - Russia and the Ottomans signed the treaty of San Stefano. The treaty granted independence to Serbia.
● 1879 - 1st female lawyer heard by Supreme Court (Belva Ann Bennett Lockwood)
● 1879 - The United States Geological Survey is created.
● 1882 - New York Steam Corp begins distributing steam to Manhattan buildings
● 1883 - Congress authorizes the 1st steel vessels in US navy
● 1885 - 1st US state (California) establishes a permanent forest commission
● 1885 - The American Telephone and Telegraph Company is incorporated in New York State.
● 1885 - US Post Office offers special delivery for 1st-class mail
● 1887 - American Protective Association forms (anti-Catholic) in Clinton IA
● 1891 - Congress creates Office of Superintendent of Immigration (Treasury Department)
● 1891 - Congress creates US Courts of Appeal
● 1892 - 1st cattle tuberculosis test in US made, Villa Nova PA
● 1893 - Columbian Isabella silver quarter authorized
● 1893 - Congress authorizes 1st federal road agency, in Department of Agriculture
● 1894 - 4th & last British government of Gladstone resigns
● 1899 - Congress authorizes Lafayette silver dollar
● 1899 - George Dewey becomes 1st in US with rank of Admiral of the Navy
● 1900 - Striking miners in Germany returned to work.
● 1901 - Congress creates National Bureau of Standards, in Department of Commerce
● 1903 - Colorado City (Colo.) free-speech fight.
● 1903 - In St. Louis, MO, Barney Gilmore was arrested for spitting.
● 1903 - North Carolina becomes 1st state requiring registration of nurses
● 1903 - The U.S. imposed a $2 head tax on immigrants.
● 1904 - Kaiser Wilhelm II of Germany becomes the first person to make a sound recording of a political document, using Thomas Edison's cylinder.
● 1905 - Tsar Nicholas II of Russia agrees to create an elected assembly (the Duma).
● 1905 - US Forest Service forms
● 1906 - Vuia I aircraft built by Romanian Traja Vuia tested in France. It was the first airplane with tires to attempt flight.
● 1908 - The U.S. government declared open war on U.S. anarchists.
● 1909 - Aviators Herring, Curtiss and Bishop announced that airplanes would be made commercially in the U.S.
● 1910 - In New York, Robert Forest founded the National Housing Association to fight deteriorating urban living conditions.
● 1910 - J.D. Rockefeller Jr. announced his withdrawal from business to administer his father's fortune for an "uplift in humanity". He also appealed to the U.S. Congress for the creation of the Rockefeller Foundation.
● 1910 - Nicaraguan rebels admitted defeat in open war and resorted to guerrilla tactics in the hope of U.S. intervention.
● 1911 - 1st US federal cemetery with Union & Rebel graves opens, Missouri
● 1913 - Over 5,000 women march on Washington to demand right to vote. In early guerrilla theatre - women and children stage "Suffrage Tableau" on U.S. Capitol steps.
● 1915 - National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics (NASA forerunner) created
● 1917 - Congress passes 1st excess profits tax on corporations
● 1917 - Great monarch Michael resigns after 1 day as czar
● 1918 - Germany, Austria and Russia sign the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk ending Russia's involvement in World War I, and leading to the independence of Finland, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania and Poland.
● 1919 - 1st international air mail service from US, Seattle WA-Victoria BC
● 1919 - Communist Party in Germany announces a general strike
● 1919 - Ruling on the conviction of anarchists Emma Goldman and Alexander Berkman, the Supreme Court upholds the Espionage Act. Goldman and Berkman were arrested during World War I for so-called conspiracy against the draft. Today's court ruling thus puts draft resistance outside First Amendment protection. Emma Goldman's last act before entering prison was organizing the Political Prisoners' Amnesty League. During the war, thousands of dissenters have been sentenced to long prison terms. At Angel Island, a concentration camp for dissidents, many have been systematically tortured. At the federal prison in Leavenworth, Kansas, prisoners have hung by their wrists for weeks at a time.
● 1921 - Toronto's Dr Banting & Dr Best announce discovery of insulin
● 1922 - Italian fascists occupy Fiume & Rijeka
● 1923 - US Senate rejects membership in International Court of Justice, The Hague
● 1924 - German & Turkish friendship/trade treaty signed
● 1924 - The 1400-year-old Islamic caliphate is abolished when Caliph Abdul Mejid II of the Ottoman Empire is deposed. The last remnant of the old regime gives way to the reformed Turkey of President Kemal Atatürk.
● 1931 - American linguistic pioneer Frank Laubach wrote in a letter: 'If we only let God have his full chance he will break our hearts with the glory of his revelation. That is the privilege which the preacher can have. It is his business to look into the very face of God until he aches with bliss.'
● 1931 - The "Star Spangled Banner," written by Francis Scott Key, was adopted as the American national anthem. The song was originally a poem known as "Defense of Fort McHenry."
● 1933 - German Presidential candidate Earnest Thälmann (KPD) arrested
● 1933 - Mount Rushmore National Memorial is dedicated.
● 1933 - US President Herbert Hoover signs the Norris-LaGuardia Act into law and opening the doors to increased unionization. {This is literally in the last days as president, FDR is already president-elect awaiting inauguration.}
● 1934 - John Dillinger breaks out of jail using a wooden pistol
● 1935 - Dutch Revolutionary Socialist Worker's party (RSAP), forms
● 1938 - Oil is discovered in Saudi Arabia.
● 1938 - Samuel Schwartzbard, Jewish watchmaker, anarchist, and poet, dies, Capetown, South Africa. Escaped the Russian pogroms in 1905, settled in Paris. In 1926 he gunned down Simon Petliura, who had directed the pogroms in which some of his family were murdered. He fired three times, announcing - "This, for the pogroms; this for the massacres, this for the victims." Schwartzbard was acquitted by a jury and freed.
● 1939 - In Mumbai, Mohandas Gandhi begins to fast in protest of the autocratic rule in India.
● 1940 - Five people are killed in an arson attack on the offices of the communist newspaper Norrskensflamman in Luleå, Sweden.
● 1941 - Moscow denounced the Axis rule in Bulgaria.
● 1941 - Netherlands NSB-leader Mussert visits Göring in Berlin
● 1942 - 1st combat flight for Canada's Avro Lancaster military plane
● 1942 - World War II: Ten Japanese warplanes raid the town of Broome, Western Australia killing more than 100 people.
● 1943 - US defeats Japan & wins Battle of Bismark Sea
● 1943 - World War II: In London, 173 people are killed in a crush while trying to enter an air-raid shelter at Bethnal Green tube station.
● 1944 - The Order of Nakhimov and Order of Ushakov were instituted in USSR as the highest naval awards.
● 1945 - Churchill visits Montgomery's headquarter
● 1945 - RAF bombing error hits The Hague killing 511
● 1945 - Roermond/Venlo Netherlands, freed
● 1945 - US & Philippine forces recaptures Corregidor
● 1945 - US 7th Army occupies last part of Westwall
● 1945 - World War II: Previously neutral Finland declares war on the Axis powers.
● 1949 - The Tucker Automobile Corporation folds.
● 1950 - Trappist monk Thomas Merton wrote in "Sign of Jonas": 'The Christian life...is a continual discovery of Christ in new and unexpected places. And these discoveries are sometimes most profitable when you find him in something you had tended to overlook or even despise.'
● 1952 - Puerto Rico approves their 1st self written constitution
● 1952 - The U.S. Supreme Court upheld New York's Feinberg Law that banned Communist teachers in the U.S.
● 1953 - A Canadian Pacific Airlines De Havilland Comet crashes in Karachi, Pakistan killing 11.
● 1953 - Guatemala - Jacobo Arbenz declares the nationalization of idle lands held by the United Fruit Company. U.S. backed terrorism and genocide follow for the next 30 years.
● 1956 - Indonesian government of Harahap resigns
● 1956 - Morocco gains independence from France (Anniversary of throne)
● 1957 - Cypriot liberation fighter Gregoris Afxentiou is killed, while fighting against British troops, burnt alive in a cave near the Machera Monastery, refusing to surrender.
● 1957 - The head of the Catholic archdiocese of Chicago (the largest in the world), Samuel Cardinal Strich, bans rock and roll from Catholic schools and "recreations" in his district. He cites the "tribal rhythms" and "encouragement to behave in a hedonistic manner." Chicago record sellers report no drop in sales of hedonism-encouraging records.
● 1958 - Nuri as-Said becomes the prime minister of Iraq for the 14th time.
● 1959 - 1st US probe to enter solar orbit, Pioneer 4, is launched
● 1959 - British government arrests Hastings Banda of Nyasaland, ends emergency crisis
● 1959 - By a vote taken in both bodies, the Unitarian Church and the Universalist Church, along with their fellowships -- the American Unitarian Association and the Universalist Church of America merged into a single denomination.
● 1959 - Lou Costello comedian, dies at 52.
● 1960 - 9th largest snowfall in NYC history (14.5")
● 1961 - King Hassan II ascends to throne of Morocco
● 1961 - Village Council in Inuit town of Point Hope, in far northwestern Alaska, objects in letter to Pres. Kennedy to chain explosion of five atomic bombs in nearby above-ground "Project Chariot" tests.
● 1961 - Waterborne Polaris Action Group "welcomes" first submarines, Holy Loch, Scotland.
● 1962 - British Antarctic Territory is formed
● 1962 - One hundred twenty participate in 24-hour Quaker vigil for peace, Macclesfield, Britain.
● 1963 - Senegal adopts constitution
● 1965 - Owsley starts making LSD - large quantities of acid available for the first time.
● 1965 - US performs nuclear test at Nevada Test Site
● 1965 - USSR performs nuclear test at Eastern Kazakhstan/Semipalitinsk USSR
● 1966 - A British Overseas Airways Boeing 707 flies into a mountain after the captain decides to give the passengers a close-up view of Mt. Fuji. All 124 people aboard are killed.
● 1966 - BBC tunes in to colour; The BBC announces plans to begin broadcasting television programmes in colour from next year.
● 1966 - Kwame Nkrumah flees Ghana to Guinée
● 1966 - Twister hits Jackson MS; 3 minutes after 1st sighting, 57 die
● 1967 - Grenada gains partial independence from Britain
● 1967 - US performs nuclear test at Nevada Test Site
● 1968 - Chicano students stage walkout of Los Angeles high schools, calling for an end to racist policies.
● 1968 - FBI director J. Edgar Hoover issues a memo to FBI offices concerning the goals of a "Counter-intelligence Program" against "Black Nationalist-Hate Groups."
● 1968 - Greece, Portugal & Spain's embassies bombed in the Hague
● 1969 - Apollo program: NASA launches Apollo 9 to test the lunar module for 151 Earth orbits (10 days).
● 1969 - In a Los Angeles, California court, Sirhan Sirhan admits that he killed presidential candidate Robert F. Kennedy.
● 1971 - Beginning of Indo-Pakistani War of 1971 and India's official entry to the Bangladesh Liberation War in support of Mukti Bahini
● 1971 - Winnie Mandela sentenced to 1 year in jail in South Africa
● 1972 - Mohawk Airlines Flight 405 crashes in unexplained circumstances.
● 1972 - Sculpted figures of Jefferson Davis, Robert E Lee, & Stonewall Jackson are completed at Stone Mountain GA
● 1973 - Japan disclosed its first defense plan since World War II.
● 1973 - Presidents Rule introduced in the Indian state of Orissa.
● 1974 - Reported that a famine in the Sahel, western Africa, has resulted in the deaths of 100,000, and millions more are starving.
● 1974 - Roman Catholic and Lutheran officials reach an agreement for eventual reconciliation into one communion, marking the first agreement between the two churches since the Reformation.
● 1974 - Turkish jet crashes killing 345; A Turkish Airlines DC10 crashes near Paris, en route to London, killing all 345 people on board.
● 1976 - 5 workers are killed by the police in a demonstration in Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain.
● 1976 - Mozambique closes border with Rhodesia
● 1977 - Libyan Socialist Arabs People's Republic forms
● 1978 - The remains of Charles Chaplin were stolen from his grave in Cosier-sur-Vevey, Switzerland. The body was recovered 11 weeks later near Lake Geneva.
● 1980 - France performs nuclear test at Muruora Island
● 1980 - The submarine Nautilus was decommissioned. The vessel's final voyage had ended on May 26, 1979.
● 1981 - Navajo and Hopi religious leaders request halt in construction of ski resort in the San Francisco Peaks, northern Arizona.
● 1982 - Queen opens Barbican Centre; The Queen opens the new £153m Barbican Arts Centre in the City of London.
● 1982 - Senate begins debate on expulsion of Senator Harrison Williams (D-NJ)
● 1983 - Author/activist Arthur Koestler, 77, and wife found dead of suicidal drug overdoses, London, England. Best known for his novel "Darkness at Noon," which reflects his break with the Communist Party. Hungarian born British novelist/journalist/critic, Koestler worked as a correspondent in the 1920s and 1930s, and was imprisoned by the fascists during Spanish Revolution of 1936. A lifelong advocate of euthanasia.
● 1985 - Arthur Scargill declares that the National Union of Mineworkers national executive voted to end the longest-running industrial dispute in Britain without any peace deal over pit closures.
● 1985 - Censorship: Women Against Pornography award their "Pig Award" to Huggies Diapers, claiming that the television ads had "crossed the line between eye-catching and porn."
● 1989 - Machinists strike Eastern Airlines; pilots honor picket lines
● 1989 - Robert McFarlane gets $20,000 fine, two years probation for his role in Iran-Contra.
● 1991 - African-American Rodney King is videotaped being severely beaten by Los Angeles police officers.
● 1991 - In two concurring referendums: 74 % of the population of Latvia vote for independence from the Soviet Union, in Estonia - 83 %.
● 1991 - Iraqi generals & General Schwarzkopf meet to discuss cease fire
● 1991 - Miguel Trovoada installed as President of Sao Tomé e Principal
● 1991 - Switzerland votes on lowering voting age from 20 to 18
● 1991 - United Airlines crashes near Colorado Springs, kills 25
● 1992 - Gas explodes in coal mine at Zonguldak Turkey, 100s die
● 1992 - President Bush apologizes for raising taxes after pledging not to {He still loses re-election.}
● 1992 - The nation of Bosnia was established.
● 1994 - The Mexican government reached a peace agreement with the Chiapas rebels.
● 1995 - A U.N. peacekeeping mission in Somalia ended. Several gunmen were killed by U.S. Marines in Mogadishu while overseeing the pull out of peacekeepers.
● 1995 - MPs move to outlaw hunting; A bill which would ban hunting with hounds in England and Wales has become the first such proposal to get a second reading in parliament.
● 1996 - San Francisco police illegally arrest 130 for walking on a street during a march against police brutality.
● 1997 - The tallest free-standing structure in the Southern Hemisphere, Sky Tower in downtown Auckland, New Zealand, opens after two-and-a-half years of construction.
● 1998 - Bill Gates testifies at Senate Judiciary Committee
● 1999 - Bertrand Piccard and Brian Jones began their attempt to circumnavigate the Earth in a hot air balloon non-stop. They succeeded on March 20, 1999.
● 1999 - In Egypt, 19 people were killed when a bus plunged into a Nile canal.
● 1999 - LaGrand case: The State of Arizona executes Walter LaGrand, a German despite German legal action in the International Court of Justice.
● 2001 - A U.S. Air Force Materiel Command C-23 Sherpa transport crashes during stormy weather in the U.S. state of Georgia, killing 21.
● 2002 - Citizens of Switzerland narrowly vote in favour of their country becoming a member of the United Nations, abandoning almost 200 years of formal neutrality.
● 2004 - Belgian brewer Interbrew and Brazilian rival AmBev agreed to merge in a $11.2 billion deal that formed InBev, the world's largest brewer.
● 2005 - Mayerthorpe Incident: James Roszko murders four Royal Canadian Mounted Police constables during a drug bust at his property in Rochfort Bridge, Alberta, then commits suicide. It is the deadliest peace-time incident for the RCMP since 1885 and the North-West Rebellion.
● 2005 - Steve Fossett becomes the first person to fly an airplane around the world solo without any stops without refueling - a journey of 40,234 km/25,000 mi completed in 67 hours and 2 minutes. {He will later be declared dead when after flying a small plane he is assumed lost and killed in an accident where no wreckage is found.}
● 2005 - The freighter M/V Karen Danielsen, crashes into part of the Great Belt Bridge of Denmark, 800 m from Funen. All traffic across the bridge stops, effectively separating Denmark in two.
● 2006 - Former Congressman Randy "Duke" Cunningham was sentenced by a federal judge in San Diego to more than eight years in prison for corruption.
● 2007 - The first of two total lunar eclipses in 2007, observed during the late hours (penumbral eclipse beginning 20:18:11 UT and reaching totality at 23:20:56 UT), will be unique in that it was partly visible from every continent around the world.
BIRTHS
● 1455 - King John II of Portugal (d. 1495)
● 1520 - Matthias Flacius, Croatian Protestant reformer (d. 1575)
● 1583 - Edward Herbert, 1st Baron Herbert of Cherbury, English diplomat, poet, and philosopher (d. 1648)
● 1589 - Gisbertus Voetius, Dutch theologian (d. 1676)
● 1606 - Edmund Waller, British poet (d. 1687)
● 1652 - Thomas Otway, British dramatist (d. 1685)
● 1678 - Madeleine de Verchères, French Canadian heroine (d. 1747)
● 1778 - Frederica of Mecklenburg-Strelitz, Queen of Hannover (d. 1841)
● 1793 - William Charles Macready, English actor (d. 1873)
● 1800 - Heinrich Georg Bronn, German geologist (d. 1862)
● 1805 - Jonas Furrer, first President of the Swiss Confederation (d. 1861)
● 1831 - George Pullman, American inventor and industrialist (d. 1897)
● 1839 - Jamsetji Tata, Indian industrialist (d. 1904)
● 1841 - Sir John Murray, Scottish naturalist (d. 1914)
● 1845 - Georg Cantor, German mathematician (d. 1918)
● 1847 - Alexander Graham Bell, Scottish inventor (d. 1922)
● 1851 - Alexandros Papadiamantis, Greek author (d. 1911)
● 1860 - John Montgomery Ward, American baseball player (d. 1925)
● 1860 - Monte Ward, Baseball player (d. 1925)
● 1863 - Arthur Machen, Welsh-born author (d. 1947)
● 1866 - Fred A. Busse, Mayor of Chicago (d. 1914)
● 1871 - Maurice Garin, French cyclist (d. 1957)
● 1873 - William Green, American labor union leader (d. 1952)
● 1878 - Leopold Jessner, German Expressionist theatrical producer and director (d. 1945)
● 1880 - Florence Auer, American actress (d. 1962)
● 1880 - Yōsuke Matsuoka, Minister for Foreign Affairs of Japan (d. 1946)
● 1883 - Cyril Burt, educational psychologist (d. 1971)
● 1886 - Tore Ørjasæter, Norwegian poet (d. 1968)
● 1890 - Norman Bethune, Canadian doctor and humanitarian (d. 1939)
● 1891 - Damaskinos, Greek archbishop of Athens (d. 1949)
● 1893 - Beatrice Wood, American artist and ceramicist (d. 1998)
● 1895 - Matthew Ridgway, Supreme Allied Commander of NATO, U.S. Army Chief of Staff (d. 1993)
● 1895 - Ragnar Anton Kittil Frisch, Norwegian economist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1973)
● 1910 - Kittens Reichert, American silent screen child actor (d. 1990)
● 1911 - Hugues Lapointe, Canadian politician and Lieutenant governor of Quebec (d. 1982)
● 1911 - Jean Harlow, American actress (d. 1937)
● 1918 - Dr. Arthur Kornberg, American Nobel Prize laureate in 1959 for the discovery of DNA polymerase (d. 2007)
● 1918 - Fritz Thiedemann, German equestrian (d. 2000)
● 1920 - James Doohan, Canadian-born actor (d. 2005)
● 1920 - Julius Boros, American golfer (d. 1994)
● 1920 - Ronald Searle, British illustrator
● 1922 - Nándor Hidegkuti, Hungarian footballer (d. 2002)
● 1923 - Barney Martin, American actor (d. 2005)
● 1923 - Doc Watson, American musician
● 1924 - Ali Faik Zaghloul, Egyptian radio presenter
● 1924 - Tomiichi Murayama, former Prime Minister of Japan
● 1926 - James Merrill, American poet (d. 1995)
● 1926 - Joseph Anthony Ferrario, American Catholic prelate (d. 2003)
● 1926 - Lys Assia, Swiss singer
● 1927 - Pierre Aubert, member of the Swiss Federal Council
● 1930 - Heiner Geißler, German politician
● 1930 - Ion Iliescu, President of Romania
● 1933 - Alfredo Landa, Spanish actor
● 1933 - Lee Radziwill, American fashion executive
● 1933 - Marco Antonio Muñiz, Mexican singer (Los Tres Aces)
● 1937 - Bobby Driscoll, American actor (d. 1968)
● 1940 - Germán Castro Caycedo, Colombian writer and journalist
● 1940 - Owen Spencer-Thomas, English broadcaster, journalist and Anglican clergyman
● 1940 - Perry Ellis, fashion designer (d. 1986)
● 1942 - Mike Pender, English singer and guitarist (The Searchers)
● 1945 - George Miller, Australian film director
● 1945 - Hattie Winston, Actress
● 1946 - John Virgo, English snooker player
● 1947 - Jennifer Warnes, American singer and songwriter
● 1947 - Otto Stuppacher, Austrian racing driver (d. 2001)
● 1948 - Snowy White, British guitarist (Thin Lizzy, Pink Floyd)
● 1949 - Gloria Hendry, American actress
● 1949 - Jesse Jefferson, American baseball player
● 1949 - Jüri Allik, Estonian psychologist
● 1950 - Tim Kazurinsky, American actor and comedian
● 1951 - Lindsay Cooper, English musician and composer (Henry Cow, News from Babel)
● 1952 - Dermot Morgan, Irish actor and comedian (d. 1998)
● 1953 - Robyn Hitchcock, British musician
● 1953 - Zico, Brazilian footballer
● 1954 - Édouard Lock, Canadian dance choreographer (La La La Human Steps)
● 1955 - Andy Breckman, American comedian and radio personality
● 1956 - Zbigniew Boniek, Polish footballer
● 1958 - Marc Silvestri, American comic book artist and publisher (Top Cow Productions)
● 1958 - Miranda Richardson, British actress
● 1959 - Ira Glass, American radio host
● 1960 - Colin Wells, English cricketer
● 1960 - Neal Heaton, American baseball player
● 1961 - Fatima Whitbread, English javelin thrower
● 1961 - Knut Nærum, Norwegian comedian
● 1961 - Mary Page Keller, Actress
● 1961 - Perry McCarthy, English racing driver
● 1962 - Glen E. Friedman, American photographer and artist
● 1962 - Herschel Walker, American football player
● 1962 - Jackie Joyner-Kersee, American athlete
● 1963 - Sophia Aliberti, Greek actress and TV presenter
● 1964 - Duncan Phillips, Australian drummer (Newsboys)
● 1964 - Laura Harring, Mexican-born American actress
● 1964 - Raúl Alcalá, Mexican cyclist
● 1966 - Fernando Colunga, Mexican actor
● 1966 - Timo Tolkki, Finnish musician (Stratovarius)
● 1966 - Tone Lōc, American rapper and actor
● 1968 - Brian Leetch, American ice hockey player
● 1969 - John Bigham, Rock musician
● 1969 - Simon Whitlock, Australian Darts Player
● 1970 - Inzamam-ul-Haq, Pakistani cricketer
● 1970 - Julie Bowen, American actress
● 1971 - Brett Warren, Country singer (The Warren Brothers)
● 1971 - Tyler Florence, chef, Food Network personality, & cookbook author
● 1972 - Darren Anderton, English footballer
● 1973 - Romāns Vainšteins, Latvian cyclist
● 1973 - Victoria Zdrok, Ukrainian model
● 1974 - David Faustino, American actor (''Married... With Children'')
● 1976 - Fraser Gehrig, Australian rules footballer
● 1977 - Ronan Keating, Irish singer (Boyzones)
● 1977 - Stéphane Robidas, Canadian ice hockey player
● 1978 - Matt Diaz, American baseball player
● 1978 - Seomoon Tak, Korean singer
● 1979 - Alex Zane, English comedian
● 1979 - Patrick Renna, American actor
● 1980 - Mason Unck, American football player
● 1981 - Dusty Dvoracek, American football player
● 1981 - Emmanuel Pappoe, Ghanaian footballer
● 1981 - Kim Yoo-Jin (Eugene), South Korean singer and actress
● 1981 - Lil' Flip, American rapper
● 1981 - Sung Yu Ri, South Korean singer and actress
● 1982 - Jessica Biel, American actress (''7th Heaven'')
● 1983 - Maite Perroni, singer in the Latin Pop group RBD
● 1985 - Sam Morrow, Northern Irish footballer
● 1986 - Stacie Orrico, American singer
● 1992 - Madison Cross, American singer and actress
● 1997 - Maria Francisca Isabel de Bragança, Infanta, daughter of Duarte Pio, Duke of Braganza
DEATHS
● 1111 - Bohemund I, Prince of Antioch
● 1239 - Vladimir III Rurikovich, Grand Prince of Kiev (b. 1187)
● 1459 - Ausiàs March, Catalan poet (b. 1397)
● 1554 - John Frederick, Elector of Saxony (b. 1503)
● 1703 - Robert Hooke, English scientist (b. 1635)
● 1706 - Johann Pachelbel, German composer (b. 1653)
● 1707 - Aurangzeb, Mughal Emperor of India (b. 1618)
● 1717 - Pierre Allix, French Protestant pastor (b. 1641)
● 1744 - Jean Barbeyrac, French jurist
● 1765 - William Stukeley, English archaeologist (b. 1687)
● 1768 - Nicola Porpora, Italian composer (b. 1686)
● 1792 - Robert Adam, Scottish architect (b. 1728)
● 1850 - Oliver Cowdery, American religious leader (b. 1806)
● 1894 - Ned Williamson, American baseball player (b. 1857)
● 1899 - William P. Sprague, American politician from Ohio (b. 1827)
● 1927 - J.G. Parry-Thomas, Welsh motor-racing driver (b. 1884)
● 1927 - Mikhail Artsybashev, Russian writer (b. 1878)
● 1932 - Eugen d'Albert, German composer (b. 1864)
● 1943 - George Thompson, English cricketer (b. 1877)
● 1953 - James J. Jeffries, American heavyweight boxer (b. 1875)
● 1959 - Lou Costello, American actor and comedian (b. 1906)
● 1961 - Paul Wittgenstein, Austrian-born pianist (b. 1887)
● 1966 - Alice Pearce, American actress (b. 1917)
● 1966 - William Frawley, American actor (b. 1887)
● 1982 - Georges Perec, French writer (b. 1936)
● 1983 - Arthur Koestler, Austrian writer (b. 1905)
● 1983 - Hergé, Belgian comics creator (b. 1907)
● 1987 - Danny Kaye, American actor, singer, and comedian (b. 1913)
● 1988 - Sewall Wright, American biologist (b. 1889)
● 1990 - Gérard Blitz, Belgian waterpoloist and entrepreneur (b. 1912)
● 1991 - Arthur Murray, American dancer and dance instructor (b. 1895)
● 1993 - Albert Sabin, Polish-born medical researcher (b. 1906)
● 1993 - Carlos Marcello, Tunisian-born gangster (b. 1910)
● 1993 - Carlos Montoya, flamenco guitarist (b. 1903)
● 1995 - Howard W. Hunter, president of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (b. 1907)
● 1996 - John Cardinal Krol, American Catholic clergyman (b. 1910)
● 1996 - Marguerite Duras, French writer (b. 1914)
● 1998 - Fred Friendly, American broadcast executive (b. 1915)
● 1999 - Gerhard Herzberg, German-born chemist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1904)
● 2000 - Toni Ortelli, Italian composer and alpinist (b. 1904)
● 2001 - Louis Edmonds, American actor (b. 1923)
● 2002 - Harlan Howard, American musician (b. 1927)
● 2003 - Goffredo Petrassi, Italian composer (b. 1904)
● 2003 - Horst Buchholz, German actor (b. 1933)
● 2003 - Luis Marden, American photojournalist (b. 1913)
● 2003 - Peter Smithson, English architect (b. 1923)
● 2004 - Cecily Adams, American actress and casting director (b. 1958)
● 2005 - Max M. Fisher, American philanthropist (b. 1928)
● 2005 - Rinus Michels, Dutch football coach (b. 1928)
● 2006 - Ivor Cutler, Scottish poet (b. 1923)
● 2006 - William Herskovic, Holocaust hero and philanthropist (b. 1914)
HOLIDAYS AND OBSERVANCES
● Roman Catholic:
● St. Anselm of Nonantola
● St. Arthelais
● St. Calupan
● St. Camilla
● St. Cele-Christ
● St. Cleonicus
● St. Cunegundes
● St. Felix
● St. Foila
● Sts. Hemiterius and Cheledonius
● St. Katharine Drexel
● St. Lamalisse
● Sts. Marinus and Asterius
● St. Non
● St. Sacer
● St. Titian
● St. Winwaloc
● Bl. Mary Angela Truszkowska
● Russian Orthodox Christian Menaion Calendar for February 20 (Civil Date: March 3)
● St. Leo, Bishop of Catania in Sicily.
● St. Agatho, pope of Rome.
● Hieromartyr Sadoc (Sadoth), Bishop of Persia, and 128 Martyrs with him.
● Beheading of St. Cornelius, abbot of the Pskov Caves, and his disciple St. Bessian of Murom.
● St. Agatho, wonderworker of the Kiev Caves.
● St. Bessarion the Great, wonderworker of Egypt.
● Greek Calendar:
● St. Cindeus, Bishop of Pisidia.
● St. Plotinus, monk.
● Abbot Macarius and 34 monks and novices of Valaam martyred by the Lutherans (1578).
● The Moslem World - Mohammed's Birthday
● Bulgaria - Liberation from Ottoman Rule Day (1878)
● Georgia (Country) - Mothers Day
● Grenada - Partial Independence Day (1967)
● Hawaii - Japanese Girl's Day
● Japan – Hinamatsuri, celebration day for girls.
● Malawi - Martyr's Day.
● Morocco - National Day (1961)
● Sudan - Unity Day
● Admission Day to the United States
● Florida - 27th state (1845)
● World Day of Prayer
THIS IS AN ABBREVIATED POST FOR THIS DATE USING ONLY THE FOLLOWING EIGHT SOURCES. A COMPLETE POST IS PLANNED AS SOON AS TIME ALLOWS.
This Previous Day in History Post With
This Original Wikipedia List form the core of this post.
Additional facts taken from:
Information on Geov Parrish's this Day in Radical History, things that happened on this day that you never had to memorize in school.
Roman Catholic Saint of the Day
Russian Orthodox Christian Menaion Calendar
Liberal Quotes of the Day taken from The Best Liberal Quotes Ever: Why the Left Is Right Compiled by William P. Martin ©2004
Quotes from the Right of the Day taken from Take Them at Their Words: Startling, Amusing and Baffling Quotations from the GOP and Their Friends, 1994-2004 Compiled by Bruce J. Miller with Diana Maio ©2004
Dumbest Thing Said for the Day taken from 1001 Dumbest Things Ever Said Edited by Steven D. Price ©2004
Permanent Backlink to Post
Day of the week in surrounding years:
1980,1986,. . . .,1997,2003—MON—2008
1981,1987,1992,1998,. . . .—TUE—2009
1982,. . . .,1993,1999,2004—WED—2010
1983,1988,1994,. . . .,2005—THU—2011
. . . .,1989,1995,2000,2006—FRI—. . . .
1984,1990,. . . .,2001,2007—SAT—2012
1985,1991,1996,2002,. . . .—SUN—2013
PASCAL DATE INFORMATION
Easter Sunday for the Western Christian Church is defined as the first Sunday following the first full moon after the Spring Equinox. Lent is defined as the forty days prior to Easter not including Sundays thus Lent begins on Ash Wednesday, which is 46 days prior to Easter. Calculations for Ash Wednesday and Easter Sunday were performed for the 3774 years from 326 to 4099. For the year range 326 to 1582, dates are based on the Julian calendar. For years 1583 to 4099, dates are based on the Gregorian calendar. Ash Wednesday falls in a range of 36 days from February 4 to March 10. Easter Sunday falls in a range of 35 days from March 22 to April 25. The extra day in the Ash Wednesday range is February 29, which only occurs in leap years. February 29 only effects when Ash Wednesday occurs since it is well before the Spring Equinox and has no effect on the date for Easter Sunday. March 10 to March 21 is a twelve-day range that must occur in Lent no matter the timing of Easter Sunday. The entire range of 82 dates from February 4 to April 25 represents all dates with Pascal ramifications.
March 3 is the 29th possible date for Ash Wednesday. Ash Wednesday occurs on this date 117 times during the 3774 years calculated and is ranked 21st of the 36 dates.
It occurred on this date previously in the years:
336, 398, 409, 420, 493, 504, 583, 588, 667, 678, 751, 762, 773, 835, 846, 857, 868, 930, 941, 952, 1025, 1036, 1115, 1120, 1199, 1210, 1283, 1294, 1305, 1367, 1378, 1389, 1400, 1462, 1473, 1484, 1557, 1568, 1593, 1604, 1677, 1683, 1688, 1745, 1756, 1802, 1813, 1824, 1897, 1954, 1965, 1976
It will occur on this date in the future in the years:
2049, 2055, 2060, 2106, 2117, 2128, 2269, 2275, 2280, 2337, 2348, 2421, 2427, 2432, 2500, 2579, 2584, 2641, 2647, 2652, 2709, 2720, 2793, 2799, 2804, 2883, 2888, 2894, 2951, 2956, 2962, 3013, 3019, 3024, 3165, 3171, 3176, 3255, 3260, 3266, 3317, 3323, 3328, 3475, 3480, 3486, 3543, 3548, 3627, 3632, 3638, 3700, 3779, 3790, 3847, 3852, 3858, 3909, 3915, 3920, 3999, 4004, 4010, 4083, 4094
Best Liberal Quote of the Day: On Fools & Fanatics "What is objectionable, what is dangerous, about extremists is not that they are extreme, but that they are intolerant. The evil is not what they say about their cause, but what they say about their opponents." — Robert F. Kennedy
Stupidest and/or Scariest Quote from the Right for the Day: On Beat the Press "[Seymour Hersh is] the closest thing American journalism has to a terrorist." — Richard Perle to Wolf Blitzer on CNN. Stanley I. Kutler, "There Will Absolutely Be No Dissension," Chicago Tribune, 3-18-03. Perle disliked Hersh's article about him: "Lunch With the Chairman," The New Yorker, 3-17-03.
Dumbest Thing Said for the Day: From the world of Sports "I've made a couple of mistakes I'd Like to do over." — Jerry Coleman was an infielder for the Yankees (what is it about the Bronx Bombers that turned out such a raft of funny speakers?), and manager of the San Diego Padres. After playing, he made his mark as a radio and TV broadcaster, where his malapropisms, non sequiturs, and other goofs became legendary. Coleman is Hall of Shame member #8.
{Disclaimer: I have attempted to give credit to the many different sources that I get entries. Any failure to do so is unintentional. Any statement enclosed by brackets like these are the opinion of the blogger, A Proud Liberal.}
MOON PHASE
Berkeley, California—Times are Pacific Standard Time (PST)
Mar 3, 2008 2:00 AM Name: Waning Crescent Percent of Full: 20% Age: 85% Rise: 4:22 AM Set: 1:57 PM
Surprise, Arizona—Times are Mountain Standard Time (MST)
Mar 3, 2008 2:00 AM Name: Waning Crescent Percent of Full: 20% Age: 85% Rise: 4:28 AM Set: 2:28 PM
Iowa City, Iowa—Times are Central Standard Time (CST)
Mar 3, 2008 2:00 AM Name: Waning Crescent Percent of Full: 21% Age: 85% Rise: 4:29 AM Set: 1:36 PM
Cambridge, Massachusetts—Times are Eastern Standard Time (EST)
Mar 3, 2008 2:00 AM Name: Waning Crescent Percent of Full: 21% Age: 85% Rise: 4:08 AM Set: 1:08 PM
NASA ASTRONOMY PICTURE OF THE DAY
Sand Dunes Thawing on Mars
Credit: HiRISE, MRO, LPL (U. Arizona), NASA
Click picture to go to NASA APOD site for full explanation
EVENTS
● 78 - Origin of Saka Era (India)
● 468 - St. Simplicius elected to succeed Catholic Pope Hilarius
● 493 - Ostrogoten King Theodorik the Great beats Odoaker
● 561 - Pelagius I ends his reign as Catholic Pope
● 1409 - Austrian civil war ends
● 1431 - Bishop Gabriele Condulmer elected as Pope Eugene IV
● 1547 - The Seventh Session of the Council of Trent declared: 'If anyone says that one baptized cannot, even if he wishes, lose grace, however much he may sin, unless he is unwilling to believe, let him be anathema.'
● 1575 - Indian Mughal Emperor Akbar defeats Bengali army at the Battle of Tukaroi
● 1585 - The Olympic Theatre, designed by Andrea Palladio, is inaugurated in Vicenza
● 1627 - Piet Heyn conquerors 22 ships in Bay of Salvador Brazil
● 1638 - Duke Bernard van Saksen-Weimar occupies Rheinfelden
● 1639 - The early settlement of Taunton, Massachusetts is incorporated as a town.
● 1657 - Blacks and Native Americans rebel in Massachusetts.
● 1744 - Colonial missionary to the American Indians, David Brainerd wrote in his journal: 'In the morning, spent an hour in prayer. Prayer was so sweet an exercise to me that I knew not how to cease, lest I lose the spirit of prayer.'
● 1746 - Bonnie Prince Charlie occupies Castle of Inverness
● 1776 - US commodore Esek Hopkins occupies Nassau Bahamas
● 1791 - 1st Internal Revenue Act (taxing distilled spirits & carriages)
● 1791 - The United States Mint is created by the U.S. Congress.
● 1794 - Richard Allen founded AME Church
● 1801 - 1st US Jewish Governor, David Emanuel, takes office in Georgia
● 1803 - 1st impeachment trial of a federal judge, John Pickering, begins
● 1803 - Colégio Militar is founded in Portugal by Colonel Teixeira Rebello.
● 1805 - Louisiana-Missouri Territory forms
● 1812 - US Congress passes 1st foreign aid bill (aids Venezuela earthquake victims)
● 1813 - Office of Surgeon General of the US army is established
● 1815 - US declares war on Algiers for taking US prisoners & demanding tribute
● 1817 - Mississippi Territory is divided into Alabama Territory & Mississippi
● 1817 - The first commercial steamboat route from Louisville to New Orleans was opened.
● 1820 - Missouri Compromise passes, allowing slavery in Missouri
● 1833 - According to Akilattirattu Ammanai, Ayya Vaikundar arises from the sea as avatar of Narayana at Thiruchendur.
● 1835 - Congress authorizes a US mint at New Orleans LA
● 1837 - Congress increases Supreme Court membership from 7 to 9 {Later attempts to enlarge the Court have failed, most notably FDR's attempt in the 1930s.}
● 1837 - US President Andrew Jackson & Congress recognizes Republic of Texas
● 1838 - Rebellion at Pelee Island, Ontario Canada
● 1842 - 1st US child labor law regulating working hours passed (Massachusetts)
● 1843 - Congress appropriates $30,000 "to test the practicability of establishing a system of electro-magnetic telegraphs" by the US
● 1845 - 1st US law overriding a Presidential veto (John Tyler's)
● 1845 - Congress authorizes ocean mail contracts for foreign mail delivery
● 1845 - Florida is admitted as the 27th U.S. state.
● 1847 - Alexander Graham Bell, the Scottish-born American inventor of the telephone, was born.
● 1847 - Post Office Department authorized to issue postage stamps
● 1849 - Minnesota Territory organizes as a political division of the United States.
● 1849 - The Home Department, forerunner of the Interior Department, was established.
● 1849 - The U.S. Congress passes the Gold Coinage Act authorizing $20 Double Eagle gold coin.
● 1851 - Congress authorizes smallest US silver coin (3¢ piece)
● 1853 - Transcontinental railroad survey is authorized by Congress
● 1853 - US Assay Office in New York NY authorized
● 1855 - Congress approves $30,000 to test camels for military use
● 1855 - Registration of letters authorized by Congress
● 1857 - France and the United Kingdom declare war on China.
● 1861 - Alexander II of Russia signs the Emancipation Manifesto, freeing serfs.
● 1862 - General Pope lays siege in front of New Madrid MO
● 1863 - Abraham Lincoln approves charter for National Academy of Sciences
● 1863 - Congress authorizes a US mint at Carson City NV
● 1863 - Federal ironclad ships bomb Fort McAllister Georgia
● 1863 - First U.S. draft law passes. Contains a clause providing draft exemption in exchange for $300 -- a sum that only the rich could afford to pay.
● 1863 - Free city delivery replaces zone postage; 449 letter carriers hired
● 1863 - Gold certificates (currency) authorized by Congress
● 1863 - Idaho Territory organizes as a political division of the United States.
● 1865 - Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen, & Abandoned Lands established to help destitute free blacks
● 1865 - Opening of the Hong Kong and Shanghai Banking Corporation, the founding member of the HSBC Group.
● 1869 - University of South Carolina opens to all races
● 1870 - Paraguay - The forces of Francisco Solano Lopez are annihilated at Cora Hill.
● 1871 - Reacting strongly to charges of corruption, US Congress establishes a Commission on Civil Service Reform. In four years, however, it fails to appropriate a single penny for the Commission, which as a result, is forced to disband.
● 1871 - U.S. Congress calls all Native Americans wards of state, nullifying all treaties.
● 1873 - "Salary Grab" Act passes, raising the salaries of U.S. congressmen and government officials retroactively.
● 1873 - Censorship: The U.S. Congress enacts the Comstock Law, making it illegal to send any "obscene, lewd, or lascivious" books through the mail.
● 1873 - Congress authorizes federal departmental postage stamps
● 1875 - Congress authorizes 20¢ coin, lasts only 3 years
● 1875 - Illegal act of Congress removes lands from Oregon Coast Reservation, despite opposition by Coos and other tribes. Alsea Reservation, Oregon, is returned to public domain.
● 1877 - Rutherford B. Hayes is privately inaugurated as the 19th President of the United States (his public inauguration coming on March 5).
● 1878 - Bulgaria liberated from Turkey (Peace of San Stefano)
● 1878 - Russia and the Ottomans signed the treaty of San Stefano. The treaty granted independence to Serbia.
● 1879 - 1st female lawyer heard by Supreme Court (Belva Ann Bennett Lockwood)
● 1879 - The United States Geological Survey is created.
● 1882 - New York Steam Corp begins distributing steam to Manhattan buildings
● 1883 - Congress authorizes the 1st steel vessels in US navy
● 1885 - 1st US state (California) establishes a permanent forest commission
● 1885 - The American Telephone and Telegraph Company is incorporated in New York State.
● 1885 - US Post Office offers special delivery for 1st-class mail
● 1887 - American Protective Association forms (anti-Catholic) in Clinton IA
● 1891 - Congress creates Office of Superintendent of Immigration (Treasury Department)
● 1891 - Congress creates US Courts of Appeal
● 1892 - 1st cattle tuberculosis test in US made, Villa Nova PA
● 1893 - Columbian Isabella silver quarter authorized
● 1893 - Congress authorizes 1st federal road agency, in Department of Agriculture
● 1894 - 4th & last British government of Gladstone resigns
● 1899 - Congress authorizes Lafayette silver dollar
● 1899 - George Dewey becomes 1st in US with rank of Admiral of the Navy
● 1900 - Striking miners in Germany returned to work.
● 1901 - Congress creates National Bureau of Standards, in Department of Commerce
● 1903 - Colorado City (Colo.) free-speech fight.
● 1903 - In St. Louis, MO, Barney Gilmore was arrested for spitting.
● 1903 - North Carolina becomes 1st state requiring registration of nurses
● 1903 - The U.S. imposed a $2 head tax on immigrants.
● 1904 - Kaiser Wilhelm II of Germany becomes the first person to make a sound recording of a political document, using Thomas Edison's cylinder.
● 1905 - Tsar Nicholas II of Russia agrees to create an elected assembly (the Duma).
● 1905 - US Forest Service forms
● 1906 - Vuia I aircraft built by Romanian Traja Vuia tested in France. It was the first airplane with tires to attempt flight.
● 1908 - The U.S. government declared open war on U.S. anarchists.
● 1909 - Aviators Herring, Curtiss and Bishop announced that airplanes would be made commercially in the U.S.
● 1910 - In New York, Robert Forest founded the National Housing Association to fight deteriorating urban living conditions.
● 1910 - J.D. Rockefeller Jr. announced his withdrawal from business to administer his father's fortune for an "uplift in humanity". He also appealed to the U.S. Congress for the creation of the Rockefeller Foundation.
● 1910 - Nicaraguan rebels admitted defeat in open war and resorted to guerrilla tactics in the hope of U.S. intervention.
● 1911 - 1st US federal cemetery with Union & Rebel graves opens, Missouri
● 1913 - Over 5,000 women march on Washington to demand right to vote. In early guerrilla theatre - women and children stage "Suffrage Tableau" on U.S. Capitol steps.
● 1915 - National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics (NASA forerunner) created
● 1917 - Congress passes 1st excess profits tax on corporations
● 1917 - Great monarch Michael resigns after 1 day as czar
● 1918 - Germany, Austria and Russia sign the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk ending Russia's involvement in World War I, and leading to the independence of Finland, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania and Poland.
● 1919 - 1st international air mail service from US, Seattle WA-Victoria BC
● 1919 - Communist Party in Germany announces a general strike
● 1919 - Ruling on the conviction of anarchists Emma Goldman and Alexander Berkman, the Supreme Court upholds the Espionage Act. Goldman and Berkman were arrested during World War I for so-called conspiracy against the draft. Today's court ruling thus puts draft resistance outside First Amendment protection. Emma Goldman's last act before entering prison was organizing the Political Prisoners' Amnesty League. During the war, thousands of dissenters have been sentenced to long prison terms. At Angel Island, a concentration camp for dissidents, many have been systematically tortured. At the federal prison in Leavenworth, Kansas, prisoners have hung by their wrists for weeks at a time.
● 1921 - Toronto's Dr Banting & Dr Best announce discovery of insulin
● 1922 - Italian fascists occupy Fiume & Rijeka
● 1923 - US Senate rejects membership in International Court of Justice, The Hague
● 1924 - German & Turkish friendship/trade treaty signed
● 1924 - The 1400-year-old Islamic caliphate is abolished when Caliph Abdul Mejid II of the Ottoman Empire is deposed. The last remnant of the old regime gives way to the reformed Turkey of President Kemal Atatürk.
● 1931 - American linguistic pioneer Frank Laubach wrote in a letter: 'If we only let God have his full chance he will break our hearts with the glory of his revelation. That is the privilege which the preacher can have. It is his business to look into the very face of God until he aches with bliss.'
● 1931 - The "Star Spangled Banner," written by Francis Scott Key, was adopted as the American national anthem. The song was originally a poem known as "Defense of Fort McHenry."
● 1933 - German Presidential candidate Earnest Thälmann (KPD) arrested
● 1933 - Mount Rushmore National Memorial is dedicated.
● 1933 - US President Herbert Hoover signs the Norris-LaGuardia Act into law and opening the doors to increased unionization. {This is literally in the last days as president, FDR is already president-elect awaiting inauguration.}
● 1934 - John Dillinger breaks out of jail using a wooden pistol
● 1935 - Dutch Revolutionary Socialist Worker's party (RSAP), forms
● 1938 - Oil is discovered in Saudi Arabia.
● 1938 - Samuel Schwartzbard, Jewish watchmaker, anarchist, and poet, dies, Capetown, South Africa. Escaped the Russian pogroms in 1905, settled in Paris. In 1926 he gunned down Simon Petliura, who had directed the pogroms in which some of his family were murdered. He fired three times, announcing - "This, for the pogroms; this for the massacres, this for the victims." Schwartzbard was acquitted by a jury and freed.
● 1939 - In Mumbai, Mohandas Gandhi begins to fast in protest of the autocratic rule in India.
● 1940 - Five people are killed in an arson attack on the offices of the communist newspaper Norrskensflamman in Luleå, Sweden.
● 1941 - Moscow denounced the Axis rule in Bulgaria.
● 1941 - Netherlands NSB-leader Mussert visits Göring in Berlin
● 1942 - 1st combat flight for Canada's Avro Lancaster military plane
● 1942 - World War II: Ten Japanese warplanes raid the town of Broome, Western Australia killing more than 100 people.
● 1943 - US defeats Japan & wins Battle of Bismark Sea
● 1943 - World War II: In London, 173 people are killed in a crush while trying to enter an air-raid shelter at Bethnal Green tube station.
● 1944 - The Order of Nakhimov and Order of Ushakov were instituted in USSR as the highest naval awards.
● 1945 - Churchill visits Montgomery's headquarter
● 1945 - RAF bombing error hits The Hague killing 511
● 1945 - Roermond/Venlo Netherlands, freed
● 1945 - US & Philippine forces recaptures Corregidor
● 1945 - US 7th Army occupies last part of Westwall
● 1945 - World War II: Previously neutral Finland declares war on the Axis powers.
● 1949 - The Tucker Automobile Corporation folds.
● 1950 - Trappist monk Thomas Merton wrote in "Sign of Jonas": 'The Christian life...is a continual discovery of Christ in new and unexpected places. And these discoveries are sometimes most profitable when you find him in something you had tended to overlook or even despise.'
● 1952 - Puerto Rico approves their 1st self written constitution
● 1952 - The U.S. Supreme Court upheld New York's Feinberg Law that banned Communist teachers in the U.S.
● 1953 - A Canadian Pacific Airlines De Havilland Comet crashes in Karachi, Pakistan killing 11.
● 1953 - Guatemala - Jacobo Arbenz declares the nationalization of idle lands held by the United Fruit Company. U.S. backed terrorism and genocide follow for the next 30 years.
● 1956 - Indonesian government of Harahap resigns
● 1956 - Morocco gains independence from France (Anniversary of throne)
● 1957 - Cypriot liberation fighter Gregoris Afxentiou is killed, while fighting against British troops, burnt alive in a cave near the Machera Monastery, refusing to surrender.
● 1957 - The head of the Catholic archdiocese of Chicago (the largest in the world), Samuel Cardinal Strich, bans rock and roll from Catholic schools and "recreations" in his district. He cites the "tribal rhythms" and "encouragement to behave in a hedonistic manner." Chicago record sellers report no drop in sales of hedonism-encouraging records.
● 1958 - Nuri as-Said becomes the prime minister of Iraq for the 14th time.
● 1959 - 1st US probe to enter solar orbit, Pioneer 4, is launched
● 1959 - British government arrests Hastings Banda of Nyasaland, ends emergency crisis
● 1959 - By a vote taken in both bodies, the Unitarian Church and the Universalist Church, along with their fellowships -- the American Unitarian Association and the Universalist Church of America merged into a single denomination.
● 1959 - Lou Costello comedian, dies at 52.
● 1960 - 9th largest snowfall in NYC history (14.5")
● 1961 - King Hassan II ascends to throne of Morocco
● 1961 - Village Council in Inuit town of Point Hope, in far northwestern Alaska, objects in letter to Pres. Kennedy to chain explosion of five atomic bombs in nearby above-ground "Project Chariot" tests.
● 1961 - Waterborne Polaris Action Group "welcomes" first submarines, Holy Loch, Scotland.
● 1962 - British Antarctic Territory is formed
● 1962 - One hundred twenty participate in 24-hour Quaker vigil for peace, Macclesfield, Britain.
● 1963 - Senegal adopts constitution
● 1965 - Owsley starts making LSD - large quantities of acid available for the first time.
● 1965 - US performs nuclear test at Nevada Test Site
● 1965 - USSR performs nuclear test at Eastern Kazakhstan/Semipalitinsk USSR
● 1966 - A British Overseas Airways Boeing 707 flies into a mountain after the captain decides to give the passengers a close-up view of Mt. Fuji. All 124 people aboard are killed.
● 1966 - BBC tunes in to colour; The BBC announces plans to begin broadcasting television programmes in colour from next year.
● 1966 - Kwame Nkrumah flees Ghana to Guinée
● 1966 - Twister hits Jackson MS; 3 minutes after 1st sighting, 57 die
● 1967 - Grenada gains partial independence from Britain
● 1967 - US performs nuclear test at Nevada Test Site
● 1968 - Chicano students stage walkout of Los Angeles high schools, calling for an end to racist policies.
● 1968 - FBI director J. Edgar Hoover issues a memo to FBI offices concerning the goals of a "Counter-intelligence Program" against "Black Nationalist-Hate Groups."
● 1968 - Greece, Portugal & Spain's embassies bombed in the Hague
● 1969 - Apollo program: NASA launches Apollo 9 to test the lunar module for 151 Earth orbits (10 days).
● 1969 - In a Los Angeles, California court, Sirhan Sirhan admits that he killed presidential candidate Robert F. Kennedy.
● 1971 - Beginning of Indo-Pakistani War of 1971 and India's official entry to the Bangladesh Liberation War in support of Mukti Bahini
● 1971 - Winnie Mandela sentenced to 1 year in jail in South Africa
● 1972 - Mohawk Airlines Flight 405 crashes in unexplained circumstances.
● 1972 - Sculpted figures of Jefferson Davis, Robert E Lee, & Stonewall Jackson are completed at Stone Mountain GA
● 1973 - Japan disclosed its first defense plan since World War II.
● 1973 - Presidents Rule introduced in the Indian state of Orissa.
● 1974 - Reported that a famine in the Sahel, western Africa, has resulted in the deaths of 100,000, and millions more are starving.
● 1974 - Roman Catholic and Lutheran officials reach an agreement for eventual reconciliation into one communion, marking the first agreement between the two churches since the Reformation.
● 1974 - Turkish jet crashes killing 345; A Turkish Airlines DC10 crashes near Paris, en route to London, killing all 345 people on board.
● 1976 - 5 workers are killed by the police in a demonstration in Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain.
● 1976 - Mozambique closes border with Rhodesia
● 1977 - Libyan Socialist Arabs People's Republic forms
● 1978 - The remains of Charles Chaplin were stolen from his grave in Cosier-sur-Vevey, Switzerland. The body was recovered 11 weeks later near Lake Geneva.
● 1980 - France performs nuclear test at Muruora Island
● 1980 - The submarine Nautilus was decommissioned. The vessel's final voyage had ended on May 26, 1979.
● 1981 - Navajo and Hopi religious leaders request halt in construction of ski resort in the San Francisco Peaks, northern Arizona.
● 1982 - Queen opens Barbican Centre; The Queen opens the new £153m Barbican Arts Centre in the City of London.
● 1982 - Senate begins debate on expulsion of Senator Harrison Williams (D-NJ)
● 1983 - Author/activist Arthur Koestler, 77, and wife found dead of suicidal drug overdoses, London, England. Best known for his novel "Darkness at Noon," which reflects his break with the Communist Party. Hungarian born British novelist/journalist/critic, Koestler worked as a correspondent in the 1920s and 1930s, and was imprisoned by the fascists during Spanish Revolution of 1936. A lifelong advocate of euthanasia.
● 1985 - Arthur Scargill declares that the National Union of Mineworkers national executive voted to end the longest-running industrial dispute in Britain without any peace deal over pit closures.
● 1985 - Censorship: Women Against Pornography award their "Pig Award" to Huggies Diapers, claiming that the television ads had "crossed the line between eye-catching and porn."
● 1989 - Machinists strike Eastern Airlines; pilots honor picket lines
● 1989 - Robert McFarlane gets $20,000 fine, two years probation for his role in Iran-Contra.
● 1991 - African-American Rodney King is videotaped being severely beaten by Los Angeles police officers.
● 1991 - In two concurring referendums: 74 % of the population of Latvia vote for independence from the Soviet Union, in Estonia - 83 %.
● 1991 - Iraqi generals & General Schwarzkopf meet to discuss cease fire
● 1991 - Miguel Trovoada installed as President of Sao Tomé e Principal
● 1991 - Switzerland votes on lowering voting age from 20 to 18
● 1991 - United Airlines crashes near Colorado Springs, kills 25
● 1992 - Gas explodes in coal mine at Zonguldak Turkey, 100s die
● 1992 - President Bush apologizes for raising taxes after pledging not to {He still loses re-election.}
● 1992 - The nation of Bosnia was established.
● 1994 - The Mexican government reached a peace agreement with the Chiapas rebels.
● 1995 - A U.N. peacekeeping mission in Somalia ended. Several gunmen were killed by U.S. Marines in Mogadishu while overseeing the pull out of peacekeepers.
● 1995 - MPs move to outlaw hunting; A bill which would ban hunting with hounds in England and Wales has become the first such proposal to get a second reading in parliament.
● 1996 - San Francisco police illegally arrest 130 for walking on a street during a march against police brutality.
● 1997 - The tallest free-standing structure in the Southern Hemisphere, Sky Tower in downtown Auckland, New Zealand, opens after two-and-a-half years of construction.
● 1998 - Bill Gates testifies at Senate Judiciary Committee
● 1999 - Bertrand Piccard and Brian Jones began their attempt to circumnavigate the Earth in a hot air balloon non-stop. They succeeded on March 20, 1999.
● 1999 - In Egypt, 19 people were killed when a bus plunged into a Nile canal.
● 1999 - LaGrand case: The State of Arizona executes Walter LaGrand, a German despite German legal action in the International Court of Justice.
● 2001 - A U.S. Air Force Materiel Command C-23 Sherpa transport crashes during stormy weather in the U.S. state of Georgia, killing 21.
● 2002 - Citizens of Switzerland narrowly vote in favour of their country becoming a member of the United Nations, abandoning almost 200 years of formal neutrality.
● 2004 - Belgian brewer Interbrew and Brazilian rival AmBev agreed to merge in a $11.2 billion deal that formed InBev, the world's largest brewer.
● 2005 - Mayerthorpe Incident: James Roszko murders four Royal Canadian Mounted Police constables during a drug bust at his property in Rochfort Bridge, Alberta, then commits suicide. It is the deadliest peace-time incident for the RCMP since 1885 and the North-West Rebellion.
● 2005 - Steve Fossett becomes the first person to fly an airplane around the world solo without any stops without refueling - a journey of 40,234 km/25,000 mi completed in 67 hours and 2 minutes. {He will later be declared dead when after flying a small plane he is assumed lost and killed in an accident where no wreckage is found.}
● 2005 - The freighter M/V Karen Danielsen, crashes into part of the Great Belt Bridge of Denmark, 800 m from Funen. All traffic across the bridge stops, effectively separating Denmark in two.
● 2006 - Former Congressman Randy "Duke" Cunningham was sentenced by a federal judge in San Diego to more than eight years in prison for corruption.
● 2007 - The first of two total lunar eclipses in 2007, observed during the late hours (penumbral eclipse beginning 20:18:11 UT and reaching totality at 23:20:56 UT), will be unique in that it was partly visible from every continent around the world.
BIRTHS
● 1455 - King John II of Portugal (d. 1495)
● 1520 - Matthias Flacius, Croatian Protestant reformer (d. 1575)
● 1583 - Edward Herbert, 1st Baron Herbert of Cherbury, English diplomat, poet, and philosopher (d. 1648)
● 1589 - Gisbertus Voetius, Dutch theologian (d. 1676)
● 1606 - Edmund Waller, British poet (d. 1687)
● 1652 - Thomas Otway, British dramatist (d. 1685)
● 1678 - Madeleine de Verchères, French Canadian heroine (d. 1747)
● 1778 - Frederica of Mecklenburg-Strelitz, Queen of Hannover (d. 1841)
● 1793 - William Charles Macready, English actor (d. 1873)
● 1800 - Heinrich Georg Bronn, German geologist (d. 1862)
● 1805 - Jonas Furrer, first President of the Swiss Confederation (d. 1861)
● 1831 - George Pullman, American inventor and industrialist (d. 1897)
● 1839 - Jamsetji Tata, Indian industrialist (d. 1904)
● 1841 - Sir John Murray, Scottish naturalist (d. 1914)
● 1845 - Georg Cantor, German mathematician (d. 1918)
● 1847 - Alexander Graham Bell, Scottish inventor (d. 1922)
● 1851 - Alexandros Papadiamantis, Greek author (d. 1911)
● 1860 - John Montgomery Ward, American baseball player (d. 1925)
● 1860 - Monte Ward, Baseball player (d. 1925)
● 1863 - Arthur Machen, Welsh-born author (d. 1947)
● 1866 - Fred A. Busse, Mayor of Chicago (d. 1914)
● 1871 - Maurice Garin, French cyclist (d. 1957)
● 1873 - William Green, American labor union leader (d. 1952)
● 1878 - Leopold Jessner, German Expressionist theatrical producer and director (d. 1945)
● 1880 - Florence Auer, American actress (d. 1962)
● 1880 - Yōsuke Matsuoka, Minister for Foreign Affairs of Japan (d. 1946)
● 1883 - Cyril Burt, educational psychologist (d. 1971)
● 1886 - Tore Ørjasæter, Norwegian poet (d. 1968)
● 1890 - Norman Bethune, Canadian doctor and humanitarian (d. 1939)
● 1891 - Damaskinos, Greek archbishop of Athens (d. 1949)
● 1893 - Beatrice Wood, American artist and ceramicist (d. 1998)
● 1895 - Matthew Ridgway, Supreme Allied Commander of NATO, U.S. Army Chief of Staff (d. 1993)
● 1895 - Ragnar Anton Kittil Frisch, Norwegian economist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1973)
● 1910 - Kittens Reichert, American silent screen child actor (d. 1990)
● 1911 - Hugues Lapointe, Canadian politician and Lieutenant governor of Quebec (d. 1982)
● 1911 - Jean Harlow, American actress (d. 1937)
● 1918 - Dr. Arthur Kornberg, American Nobel Prize laureate in 1959 for the discovery of DNA polymerase (d. 2007)
● 1918 - Fritz Thiedemann, German equestrian (d. 2000)
● 1920 - James Doohan, Canadian-born actor (d. 2005)
● 1920 - Julius Boros, American golfer (d. 1994)
● 1920 - Ronald Searle, British illustrator
● 1922 - Nándor Hidegkuti, Hungarian footballer (d. 2002)
● 1923 - Barney Martin, American actor (d. 2005)
● 1923 - Doc Watson, American musician
● 1924 - Ali Faik Zaghloul, Egyptian radio presenter
● 1924 - Tomiichi Murayama, former Prime Minister of Japan
● 1926 - James Merrill, American poet (d. 1995)
● 1926 - Joseph Anthony Ferrario, American Catholic prelate (d. 2003)
● 1926 - Lys Assia, Swiss singer
● 1927 - Pierre Aubert, member of the Swiss Federal Council
● 1930 - Heiner Geißler, German politician
● 1930 - Ion Iliescu, President of Romania
● 1933 - Alfredo Landa, Spanish actor
● 1933 - Lee Radziwill, American fashion executive
● 1933 - Marco Antonio Muñiz, Mexican singer (Los Tres Aces)
● 1937 - Bobby Driscoll, American actor (d. 1968)
● 1940 - Germán Castro Caycedo, Colombian writer and journalist
● 1940 - Owen Spencer-Thomas, English broadcaster, journalist and Anglican clergyman
● 1940 - Perry Ellis, fashion designer (d. 1986)
● 1942 - Mike Pender, English singer and guitarist (The Searchers)
● 1945 - George Miller, Australian film director
● 1945 - Hattie Winston, Actress
● 1946 - John Virgo, English snooker player
● 1947 - Jennifer Warnes, American singer and songwriter
● 1947 - Otto Stuppacher, Austrian racing driver (d. 2001)
● 1948 - Snowy White, British guitarist (Thin Lizzy, Pink Floyd)
● 1949 - Gloria Hendry, American actress
● 1949 - Jesse Jefferson, American baseball player
● 1949 - Jüri Allik, Estonian psychologist
● 1950 - Tim Kazurinsky, American actor and comedian
● 1951 - Lindsay Cooper, English musician and composer (Henry Cow, News from Babel)
● 1952 - Dermot Morgan, Irish actor and comedian (d. 1998)
● 1953 - Robyn Hitchcock, British musician
● 1953 - Zico, Brazilian footballer
● 1954 - Édouard Lock, Canadian dance choreographer (La La La Human Steps)
● 1955 - Andy Breckman, American comedian and radio personality
● 1956 - Zbigniew Boniek, Polish footballer
● 1958 - Marc Silvestri, American comic book artist and publisher (Top Cow Productions)
● 1958 - Miranda Richardson, British actress
● 1959 - Ira Glass, American radio host
● 1960 - Colin Wells, English cricketer
● 1960 - Neal Heaton, American baseball player
● 1961 - Fatima Whitbread, English javelin thrower
● 1961 - Knut Nærum, Norwegian comedian
● 1961 - Mary Page Keller, Actress
● 1961 - Perry McCarthy, English racing driver
● 1962 - Glen E. Friedman, American photographer and artist
● 1962 - Herschel Walker, American football player
● 1962 - Jackie Joyner-Kersee, American athlete
● 1963 - Sophia Aliberti, Greek actress and TV presenter
● 1964 - Duncan Phillips, Australian drummer (Newsboys)
● 1964 - Laura Harring, Mexican-born American actress
● 1964 - Raúl Alcalá, Mexican cyclist
● 1966 - Fernando Colunga, Mexican actor
● 1966 - Timo Tolkki, Finnish musician (Stratovarius)
● 1966 - Tone Lōc, American rapper and actor
● 1968 - Brian Leetch, American ice hockey player
● 1969 - John Bigham, Rock musician
● 1969 - Simon Whitlock, Australian Darts Player
● 1970 - Inzamam-ul-Haq, Pakistani cricketer
● 1970 - Julie Bowen, American actress
● 1971 - Brett Warren, Country singer (The Warren Brothers)
● 1971 - Tyler Florence, chef, Food Network personality, & cookbook author
● 1972 - Darren Anderton, English footballer
● 1973 - Romāns Vainšteins, Latvian cyclist
● 1973 - Victoria Zdrok, Ukrainian model
● 1974 - David Faustino, American actor (''Married... With Children'')
● 1976 - Fraser Gehrig, Australian rules footballer
● 1977 - Ronan Keating, Irish singer (Boyzones)
● 1977 - Stéphane Robidas, Canadian ice hockey player
● 1978 - Matt Diaz, American baseball player
● 1978 - Seomoon Tak, Korean singer
● 1979 - Alex Zane, English comedian
● 1979 - Patrick Renna, American actor
● 1980 - Mason Unck, American football player
● 1981 - Dusty Dvoracek, American football player
● 1981 - Emmanuel Pappoe, Ghanaian footballer
● 1981 - Kim Yoo-Jin (Eugene), South Korean singer and actress
● 1981 - Lil' Flip, American rapper
● 1981 - Sung Yu Ri, South Korean singer and actress
● 1982 - Jessica Biel, American actress (''7th Heaven'')
● 1983 - Maite Perroni, singer in the Latin Pop group RBD
● 1985 - Sam Morrow, Northern Irish footballer
● 1986 - Stacie Orrico, American singer
● 1992 - Madison Cross, American singer and actress
● 1997 - Maria Francisca Isabel de Bragança, Infanta, daughter of Duarte Pio, Duke of Braganza
DEATHS
● 1111 - Bohemund I, Prince of Antioch
● 1239 - Vladimir III Rurikovich, Grand Prince of Kiev (b. 1187)
● 1459 - Ausiàs March, Catalan poet (b. 1397)
● 1554 - John Frederick, Elector of Saxony (b. 1503)
● 1703 - Robert Hooke, English scientist (b. 1635)
● 1706 - Johann Pachelbel, German composer (b. 1653)
● 1707 - Aurangzeb, Mughal Emperor of India (b. 1618)
● 1717 - Pierre Allix, French Protestant pastor (b. 1641)
● 1744 - Jean Barbeyrac, French jurist
● 1765 - William Stukeley, English archaeologist (b. 1687)
● 1768 - Nicola Porpora, Italian composer (b. 1686)
● 1792 - Robert Adam, Scottish architect (b. 1728)
● 1850 - Oliver Cowdery, American religious leader (b. 1806)
● 1894 - Ned Williamson, American baseball player (b. 1857)
● 1899 - William P. Sprague, American politician from Ohio (b. 1827)
● 1927 - J.G. Parry-Thomas, Welsh motor-racing driver (b. 1884)
● 1927 - Mikhail Artsybashev, Russian writer (b. 1878)
● 1932 - Eugen d'Albert, German composer (b. 1864)
● 1943 - George Thompson, English cricketer (b. 1877)
● 1953 - James J. Jeffries, American heavyweight boxer (b. 1875)
● 1959 - Lou Costello, American actor and comedian (b. 1906)
● 1961 - Paul Wittgenstein, Austrian-born pianist (b. 1887)
● 1966 - Alice Pearce, American actress (b. 1917)
● 1966 - William Frawley, American actor (b. 1887)
● 1982 - Georges Perec, French writer (b. 1936)
● 1983 - Arthur Koestler, Austrian writer (b. 1905)
● 1983 - Hergé, Belgian comics creator (b. 1907)
● 1987 - Danny Kaye, American actor, singer, and comedian (b. 1913)
● 1988 - Sewall Wright, American biologist (b. 1889)
● 1990 - Gérard Blitz, Belgian waterpoloist and entrepreneur (b. 1912)
● 1991 - Arthur Murray, American dancer and dance instructor (b. 1895)
● 1993 - Albert Sabin, Polish-born medical researcher (b. 1906)
● 1993 - Carlos Marcello, Tunisian-born gangster (b. 1910)
● 1993 - Carlos Montoya, flamenco guitarist (b. 1903)
● 1995 - Howard W. Hunter, president of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (b. 1907)
● 1996 - John Cardinal Krol, American Catholic clergyman (b. 1910)
● 1996 - Marguerite Duras, French writer (b. 1914)
● 1998 - Fred Friendly, American broadcast executive (b. 1915)
● 1999 - Gerhard Herzberg, German-born chemist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1904)
● 2000 - Toni Ortelli, Italian composer and alpinist (b. 1904)
● 2001 - Louis Edmonds, American actor (b. 1923)
● 2002 - Harlan Howard, American musician (b. 1927)
● 2003 - Goffredo Petrassi, Italian composer (b. 1904)
● 2003 - Horst Buchholz, German actor (b. 1933)
● 2003 - Luis Marden, American photojournalist (b. 1913)
● 2003 - Peter Smithson, English architect (b. 1923)
● 2004 - Cecily Adams, American actress and casting director (b. 1958)
● 2005 - Max M. Fisher, American philanthropist (b. 1928)
● 2005 - Rinus Michels, Dutch football coach (b. 1928)
● 2006 - Ivor Cutler, Scottish poet (b. 1923)
● 2006 - William Herskovic, Holocaust hero and philanthropist (b. 1914)
HOLIDAYS AND OBSERVANCES
● Roman Catholic:
● St. Anselm of Nonantola
● St. Arthelais
● St. Calupan
● St. Camilla
● St. Cele-Christ
● St. Cleonicus
● St. Cunegundes
● St. Felix
● St. Foila
● Sts. Hemiterius and Cheledonius
● St. Katharine Drexel
● St. Lamalisse
● Sts. Marinus and Asterius
● St. Non
● St. Sacer
● St. Titian
● St. Winwaloc
● Bl. Mary Angela Truszkowska
● Russian Orthodox Christian Menaion Calendar for February 20 (Civil Date: March 3)
● St. Leo, Bishop of Catania in Sicily.
● St. Agatho, pope of Rome.
● Hieromartyr Sadoc (Sadoth), Bishop of Persia, and 128 Martyrs with him.
● Beheading of St. Cornelius, abbot of the Pskov Caves, and his disciple St. Bessian of Murom.
● St. Agatho, wonderworker of the Kiev Caves.
● St. Bessarion the Great, wonderworker of Egypt.
● Greek Calendar:
● St. Cindeus, Bishop of Pisidia.
● St. Plotinus, monk.
● Abbot Macarius and 34 monks and novices of Valaam martyred by the Lutherans (1578).
● The Moslem World - Mohammed's Birthday
● Bulgaria - Liberation from Ottoman Rule Day (1878)
● Georgia (Country) - Mothers Day
● Grenada - Partial Independence Day (1967)
● Hawaii - Japanese Girl's Day
● Japan – Hinamatsuri, celebration day for girls.
● Malawi - Martyr's Day.
● Morocco - National Day (1961)
● Sudan - Unity Day
● Admission Day to the United States
● Florida - 27th state (1845)
● World Day of Prayer
THIS IS AN ABBREVIATED POST FOR THIS DATE USING ONLY THE FOLLOWING EIGHT SOURCES. A COMPLETE POST IS PLANNED AS SOON AS TIME ALLOWS.
This Previous Day in History Post With
This Original Wikipedia List form the core of this post.
Additional facts taken from:
Information on Geov Parrish's this Day in Radical History, things that happened on this day that you never had to memorize in school.
Roman Catholic Saint of the Day
Russian Orthodox Christian Menaion Calendar
Liberal Quotes of the Day taken from The Best Liberal Quotes Ever: Why the Left Is Right Compiled by William P. Martin ©2004
Quotes from the Right of the Day taken from Take Them at Their Words: Startling, Amusing and Baffling Quotations from the GOP and Their Friends, 1994-2004 Compiled by Bruce J. Miller with Diana Maio ©2004
Dumbest Thing Said for the Day taken from 1001 Dumbest Things Ever Said Edited by Steven D. Price ©2004
Permanent Backlink to Post
Sunday, March 02, 2008
March 2......
March 2 is the 61st day of the year (62nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. There are 304 days remaining in the year on this date.
Day of the week in surrounding years:
1981,1987,1992,1998,. . . .—MON—2009
1982,. . . .,1993,1999,2004—TUE—2010
1983,1988,1994,. . . .,2005—WED—2011
. . . .,1989,1995,2000,2006—THU—. . . .
1984,1990,. . . .,2001,2007—FRI—2012
1985,1991,1996,2002,. . . .—SAT—2013
1986,. . . .,1997,2003,2008—SUN—2014
PASCAL DATE INFORMATION
Easter Sunday for the Western Christian Church is defined as the first Sunday following the first full moon after the Spring Equinox. Lent is defined as the forty days prior to Easter not including Sundays thus Lent begins on Ash Wednesday, which is 46 days prior to Easter. Calculations for Ash Wednesday and Easter Sunday were performed for the 3774 years from 326 to 4099. For the year range 326 to 1582, dates are based on the Julian calendar. For years 1583 to 4099, dates are based on the Gregorian calendar. Ash Wednesday falls in a range of 36 days from February 4 to March 10. Easter Sunday falls in a range of 35 days from March 22 to April 25. The extra day in the Ash Wednesday range is February 29, which only occurs in leap years. February 29 only effects when Ash Wednesday occurs since it is well before the Spring Equinox and has no effect on the date for Easter Sunday. March 10 to March 21 is a twelve-day range that must occur in Lent no matter the timing of Easter Sunday. The entire range of 82 dates from February 4 to April 25 represents all dates with Pascal ramifications.
March 2 is the 28th possible date for Ash Wednesday. Ash Wednesday occurs on this date 120 times during the 3774 years calculated and is ranked 18th of the 36 dates.
It occurred on this date previously in the years:
371, 382, 393, 404, 466, 477, 488, 561, 572, 651, 656, 735, 746, 819, 830, 841, 903, 914, 925, 936, 998, 1009, 1020, 1093, 1104, 1183, 1188, 1267, 1278, 1351, 1362, 1373, 1435, 1446, 1457, 1468, 1530, 1541, 1552, 1588, 1650, 1661, 1672, 1718, 1729, 1740, 1808, 1870, 1881, 1892, 1927, 1938, 1949, 1960
It will occur on this date in the future in the years:
2022, 2033, 2044, 2101, 2112, 2174, 2185, 2196, 2242, 2253, 2264, 2310, 2321, 2332, 2394, 2405, 2416, 2489, 2546, 2557, 2568, 2614, 2625, 2636, 2704, 2766, 2777, 2788, 2861, 2867, 2872, 2929, 2940, 3008, 3081, 3092, 3138, 3149, 3160, 3233, 3239, 3244, 3301, 3312, 3385, 3391, 3396, 3453, 3464, 3521, 3532, 3605, 3616, 3695, 3763, 3768, 3825, 3831, 3836, 3904, 3977, 3983, 3988, 4067, 4072, 4078
Best Liberal Quote of the Day: On Feminism "One distressing thing is the way men react to women who assert their equality: their ultimate weapon is to call them unfeminine. They think she is anti-male; they even whisper that she's probably a lesbian." — Shirley Chisholm {Far from being anti-male, feminists are pro-female and pro-human being. Some of the strongest feminists in the world just happen to be enlightened males.}
Stupidest and/or Scariest Quote from the Right for the Day: On All Hail King George ". . . I'm the commander—see, I don't need to explain—I do not need to explain why I say things. That's the interesting thing about being the president. Maybe somebody needs to explain to me why they say something, but I don't feel like I owe anybody an explanation." — George W. "War Criminal" Bush. Bob Woodward, "A Course of 'Confident Action'; Bush Says Other Countries Will Follow Assertive U.S. in Combating Terror," Washington Post, 11-19-02.
Dumbest Thing Said for the Day: From the world of Sports "That noise in my earphone knocked my nose off, and I had to pick it up and find it." — Jerry Coleman was an infielder for the Yankees (what is it about the Bronx Bombers that turned out such a raft of funny speakers?), and manager of the San Diego Padres. After playing, he made his mark as a radio and TV broadcaster, where his malapropisms, non sequiturs, and other goofs became legendary. Coleman is Hall of Shame member #8.
{Disclaimer: I have attempted to give credit to the many different sources that I get entries. Any failure to do so is unintentional. Any statement enclosed by brackets like these are the opinion of the blogger, A Proud Liberal.}
MOON PHASE
Berkeley, California—Times are Pacific Standard Time (PST)
Mar 2, 2008 2:00 AM Name: Waning Crescent Percent of Full: 28% Age: 82% Rise: 3:40 AM Set: 12:53 PM
Surprise, Arizona—Times are Mountain Standard Time (MST)
Mar 2, 2008 2:00 AM Name: Waning Crescent Percent of Full: 29% Age: 82% Rise: 3:44 AM Set: 1:26 PM
Iowa City, Iowa—Times are Central Standard Time (CST)
Mar 2, 2008 2:00 AM Name: Waning Crescent Percent of Full: 29% Age: 82% Rise: 3:49 AM Set: 12:30 PM
Cambridge, Massachusetts—Times are Eastern Standard Time (EST)
Mar 2, 2008 2:00 AM Name: Waning Crescent Percent of Full: 30% Age: 82% Rise: 3:28 AM Set: 12:02 PM
NASA ASTRONOMY PICTURE OF THE DAY
Comet Hale-Bopp Over Val Parola Pass
Credit & Copyright: A. Dimai, (Col Druscie Obs.), AAC
Click picture to go to NASA APOD site for full explanation
EVENTS
● 871 - Battle at Marton: Ethelred van Wessex beats Danish invasion army
● 986 - Louis V becomes King of the Franks.
● 1121 - Dirk VI becomes count of Holland
● 1127 - Assassination of Charles the Good, Count of Flanders.
● 1458 - Hussite George van Podiebrad chosen king of Bohemia
● 1498 - Vasco da Gama's fleet visits Mozambique Island
● 1629 - English King Charles I leaces house of commons
● 1675 - Prince William III installed as Governor of Overijssel
● 1776 - Americans begin shelling British troops in Boston
● 1789 - Pennsylvania ends prohibition of theatrical performances
● 1791 - Long-distance communication speeds up with the unveiling of a semaphore machine in Paris.
● 1793 - Sam Houston, the first president of the Republic of Texas, was born near Lexington, Va.
● 1795 - Africans revolt in Fedon’s Insurrection against British rule of Grenada.
● 1799 - Congress standardizes US weights & measures
● 1807 - U.S. Congress passes act prohibiting importation of slaves. The first American slave ship, named Desire, sailed from Marblehead, Massachussetts, in 1637. Since then, nearly 15 million blacks have been transported as slaves to the Americas. The African continent, meanwhile, has lost 50 million human beings to slavery and related deaths. But today's Congressional prohibition will go unenforced due to the huge profits it would curtail. Another 250,000 slaves will be imported illegally before the Civil War.
● 1808 - The inaugural meeting of the Wernerian Natural History Society, a former Scottish learned society, was held in Edinburgh.
● 1815 - Signing of Kandyan treaty by British invaders and Sri Lankan King.
● 1817 - 1st Evangelical church building dedicated, New Berlin PA
● 1819 - Territory of Arkansas organized
● 1819 - US passed its 1st immigration law
● 1820 - Birth of Eduard Douwes Dekker (1820-1887), best known under his pseudonym, Multatuli (Latin, "I have suffered much"). Great Dutch anarchist writer/novelist, a one-time civil servant who wrote the autobiographical novel "Max Havelaar," reflecting his disgust with Dutch colonialism and racism. Despised middle-class conformism, excoriating religion, the family, and prejudices of all kinds -- racist, sexist or sexual. Multatuli's ideas influenced the socialist and libertarian milieu of his time, and practising his libertarian ideals scandalized his contemporaries, living as he did with two women and their children.
● 1824 - Interstate commerce comes under federal control
● 1829 - New England Asylum for the Blind, 1st in US, incorporated, Boston
● 1831 - John Frazee becomes 1st US sculptor to receive a federal commission
● 1836 - Texas Revolution: Declaration of independence of the Republic of Texas from Mexico. If only it had stayed that way.
● 1853 - Territory of Washington organized after separating from Oregon Territory
● 1855 - Alexander II becomes Tsar of Russia.
● 1858 - Frederick Cook, New Orleans, patents a cotton-bale metallic tie
● 1861 - Emancipation reform of 1861 in Russia: Tsar Alexander II signed the emancipation reform into law, abolishing Russian serfdom.
● 1861 - Government Printing Office purchases 1st printing plant, Washington DC
● 1861 - US Congress creates Dakota & Nevada Territories out of the Nebraska & Utah territories
● 1863 - The United States Congress authorizes track width of 4 ft 8½ in (1,435 mm) for Union Pacific Railroad
● 1865 - Freedman's Bureau founded for Black Education, 1865
● 1865 - General Early's army is defeated at Waynesborough
● 1865 - Second Taranaki War: The Volkner Incident in New Zealand.
● 1866 - Excelsior Needle Company began making sewing machine needles.
● 1867 - Congress abolishes peonage {a Mexican form of serfdom} in New Mexico
● 1867 - Howard University established
● 1867 - Jesse James-gang robs bank in Savannah MO, 1 dead
● 1867 - The United States Congress passed the 1st Reconstruction Act
● 1867 - US Congress creates the Department of Education {there was no debate about this being a Liberal plot to brainwash children}
● 1868 - University of Illinois opens
● 1877 - Despite an apparent Democratic victory at the polls, the Electoral College, swayed by Republican bribery, selects Rutherford B. Hayes, a Republican, as President. Supporters of Democrat Samuel Tilden claim a stolen election. Sound familiar?
● 1888 - The Convention of Constantinople is signed, guaranteeing free maritime passage through the Suez Canal during war and peace.
● 1889 - Kansas passes 1st US antitrust laws
● 1893 - 1st federal railroad legislation passed; required safety features
● 1896 - Ethiopia defeats Italy in the Battle of Adwa, marking the first victory of an African nation over a colonial power.
● 1897 - U.S. President Cleveland vetoed legislation that would have required a literacy test for immigrants entering the country.
● 1899 - Congress allows railroad companies blanket approval for rights- of-way through Indian lands.
● 1899 - President McKinley signs bill creating Mount Rainier National Park (5th in US)
● 1899 - U.S. President McKinley signed a measure that created the rank of Admiral for the U.S. Navy. The first admiral was George Dewey.
● 1900 - The U.S. Congress voted to give $2 million in aid to Puerto Rico.
● 1901 - Hawaii's 1st telegraph company opens
● 1901 - The Platt Amendment is passed by Congress. The amendment informs Cuba that U.S. troops will not be withdrawn. Cuba unofficially becomes a protectorate of the U.S.
● 1903 - In New York City the Martha Washington Hotel opens, becoming the first hotel exclusively for women.
● 1904 - Greatest radical political organizer of all time, Dr. Seuss (Teodore Giesel), born, Springfield, Mass
● 1906 - A tornado in Missouri killed 33 and did $5 million in damage.
● 1907 - General Louis Botha named premier of Transvaal
● 1907 - In Hamburg, Germany, dock workers went on strike after the end of the night shift. British strike breakers were brought in. The issue was settled on April 22, 1907.
● 1908 - In New York, the Committee of the Russian Republican Administration was founded.
● 1908 - In Paris, Gabriel Lippmann introduced three-dimensional color photography at the Academy of Sciences.
● 1909 - Great Britain, France, Germany & Italy ask Serbia to set no territorial demands
● 1910 - 2 trains crash in snow storm in Wellington WA, 118 die
● 1915 - British Vice Admiral Carden begins bombing of Dardanelles forts
● 1915 - Vladmir Jabotinsky forms a Jewish military force to fight in Palestine
● 1917 - The enactment of the Jones-Shafroth Act grants Puerto Ricans, United States citizenship.
● 1917 - (Old Style) Tsar Nicholas II abdicates the throne in favor of his brother Michael II of Russia after a series of strikes and protests spread through Petrograd (St. Petersburg) and Moscow, Russia; the government lasts until October, when it is overthrown by the Bolsheviks.
● 1919 - The first Communist International meets in Moscow.
● 1921 - Kronstadt Provisional Revolutionary Committee forms, The Kronstadt Soviet was due to be renewed, and 16,000 showed up and the mass assembly adopted the Petropavlovsk resolution -- opposed only by two Bolsheviks.
● 1925 - Japan's House of Representatives recognizes male suffrage
● 1925 - SDAP-Second-Faction (Dutch Socialists) of parliament demands drastic disarmament
● 1925 - Secretary of Agriculture approves first list of United States Numbered Highways
● 1929 - Congress creates Court of Customs & Patent Appeals
● 1930 - 1st US indoor glider flight, St Louis Terminal Building
● 1930 - American missionary Gustav Schmidt, 39, opened the Danzig Instytut Biblijny in the Free City of Danzig (Gdansk), Poland. It was the first Pentecostal Bible institute established in Eastern Europe.
● 1933 - Most powerful earthquake in 180 years hit Japan
● 1934 - Birthday of Dottie Rambo, contemporary gospel singer and songwriter. She has authored such country gospel favorites as "In the Valley He Restoreth My Soul," "Build My Mansion Next Door to Jesus" and "I Just Came to Talk With You, Lord."
● 1934 - Union Pacific tests light-weight high-speed passenger train, Omaha
● 1937 - Mexico nationalizes oil
● 1937 - The Steel Workers Organizing Committee signs a surprise collective bargaining agreement with U.S. Steel, leading to unionization of the United States steel industry.
● 1938 - Landslides & floods cause over 200 deaths (Los Angeles CA)
● 1938 - Trials of Soviet leaders begins in the Soviet Union
● 1939 - Cardinal Eugenio Pacelli is elected Pope and takes the name Pius XII. {As cardinal he was instrumental in new treaties between the Vatican and the fascist states of Germany and Italy.}
● 1939 - The Massachusetts legislature voted to ratify the Bill of Rights to the U.S. Constitution. These first ten amendments had gone into effect 147 years before.
● 1940 - Soviet armies conquer Tuppura Island Finland
● 1941 - World War II: First German military units enter Bulgaria after it joined the Axis Pact.
● 1942 - Acting under Executive Order 9066, Lt. General John DeWitt proclaims all Japanese-Americans would be required to move away from the West Coast, and recommends, for their own good, they should do so voluntarily. (Any time a government uses the phrase "for their own good," big, big trouble is brewing.)
● 1942 - Admiral Helfrich departs Java for Ceylon
● 1943 - 1st transport from Westerbork Netherlands to Sobibor concentration camp
● 1943 - World War II: Battle of the Bismarck Sea - United States and Australian forces sink Japanese convoy ships.
● 1944 - Fumes from locomotive stalled in a tunnel suffocates 521 in Italy
● 1945 - 8th Air Force bombs Dresden
● 1945 - Anne Frank dies in Bergen-Belsen concentration camp.
● 1945 - King Michael of Romania gives in to Communist government
● 1946 - Dutch troops land on East Bali
● 1946 - Ho Chi Minh is elected the President of North Vietnam.
● 1946 - Kingman Douglass, becomes deputy director of CIA
● 1948 - U.S. Senate Chaplain Peter Marshall prayed: 'O God, forgive the poverty and the pettiness of our prayers. Listen not to our words but to the yearnings of our hearts. Hear beneath our petitions the crying of our need.'
● 1949 - Captain James Gallagher lands his B-50 Superfortress Lucky Lady II in Fort Worth, Texas after completing the first non-stop around-the-world airplane flight in 94 hours and one minute.
● 1949 - The first automatic street light was installed in New Milford, Conn..
● 1955 - King Norodom Sihanouk of Cambodia abdicates the throne in favor of his father, King Norodom Suramarit.
● 1955 - Months before Rosa Parks, teenager Claudette Colvin is arrested in Montgomery, Ala., for refusing to give up her bus seat to a white person.
● 1956 - King of Jordan sacks British general; King Hussein of Jordan sacks the British commander of the Arab Legion in an effort to strengthen his own position within the Arab world.
● 1956 - Morocco tears up the Treaty of Féz, declares independence from France
● 1958 - 1st surface crossing of Antarctic continent is completed in 99 days
● 1958 - Yemen announces it will join the United Arab Republic
● 1959 - American Presbyterian apologist Francis Schaeffer wrote in a letter: 'Christianity is the greatest intellectual system the mind of man has ever touched.'
● 1962 - Atmospheric nuclear weapons tests resumed by UK.
● 1962 - In Burma, the army led by General Ne Win seizes power in a coup.
● 1962 - JFK announces US will resume above ground nuclear testing
● 1964 - Marlon Brando and Bob Satiacum are arrested at a "fish-in" at Frank's Landing, Washington, in support of Native American fishing rights.
● 1965 - Montcalm Community College in Sidney MI, founded
● 1965 - The North Carolina legislature voted to bring Charlotte College into the UNC system, forming the University of North Carolina at Charlotte.
● 1966 - 215,000 US soldiers in Vietnam
● 1966 - A Canadian Pacific Airlines DC-8 crashes on landing at Tokyo's Haneda Airport in a thunderstorm one day before the crash of BOAC Flight 911 from the same location.
● 1967 - US performs nuclear test at Nevada Test Site
● 1968 - USAF displays Lockheed C-5A Galaxy, biggest plane in the world
● 1968 - USSR launches space probe Zond 4; fails to leave Earth orbit
● 1969 - Chinese-Russian borders fight (approximately 70 die)
● 1969 - In Toulouse, France the first test flight of the Anglo-French Concorde is conducted.
● 1969 - Soviet and Chinese forces clash at a border outpost on the Ussuri River.
● 1970 - American Airlines' 1st flight of a Boeing 747
● 1970 - Ian Smith declares Rhodesia a republic; Prime Minister of Rhodesia Ian Smith declares his country a republic, cutting its last link with the British Crown.
● 1970 - Supreme Court ruled draft evaders can not be penalized after 5 years
● 1971 - Oriental Student Union protesters occupy Seattle Central Community College.
● 1972 - Jean-Bédel Bokassa appoints himself President for life of Central African Republic
● 1972 - The Pioneer 10 space probe is launched from Cape Canaveral, Florida with a mission to explore the outer planets.
● 1973 - "Black September" terrorists occupy Saudi Embassy in Khartoum
● 1974 - 1st class postage raised from 8¢ to 10¢
● 1974 - Grand jury concludes President Nixon is involved in Watergate cover-up
● 1974 - Salvador Puig Antich, 24, dies, garrotted at Model de Barcelone despite international protests. Young anarchist militant in the guerilla MIL (Mouvement Iberique de Liberation) fighting the yoke of Francoism.
● 1977 - Libya amends constitution
● 1978 - Czech Vladimír Remek becomes the first non-Russian or non-American to go into space, when he is launched aboard Soyuz 28.
● 1979 - Over 1,100 Christian organizations combined to form the Evangelical Council for Financial Accountability (ECFA). This oversight agency was created to demonstrate to the public that religious groups wanted to make themselves accountable for the funds they raise and spend. {Some preachers today still refuse to open their books to ECFA; one might think they have something to hide.}
● 1981 - Aircraft hijacked by 3 Pakistani terrorists
● 1982 - Philip K. Dick dies, Santa Ana, California, American science fiction writer par excellence, known for creation of eerily prescient (so far) dystopias.
● 1982 - Terror group "The Illuminated Path" frees 260 prisoners in Peru
● 1983 - Compact Disc recordings developed by Phillips & Sony introduced {Cooperation between two companies avoid VHS/Betamax type of fight.}
● 1983 - USSR performs underground nuclear test
● 1984 - Iran offensive against Iraq fails
● 1985 - The U.S. government approved a screening test for AIDS that detected antibodies to the virus that allowed possibly contaminated blood to be kept out of the blood supply.
● 1986 - Corazon Aquino was sworn into office as president of the Philippines. Her first public declaration was to restore the civil rights of the citizens of her country.
● 1986 - Protesters try to stop Land Rover motor company being sold to US
● 1987 - Chrysler acquires American Motors.
● 1988 - Dutch Liberal Party merged with SDP
● 1989 - Exxon Houston runs aground in Hawaii, spills 117,000 gallons of oil
● 1989 - Twelve European Community nations agree to ban the production of all chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) by the end of the century.
● 1990 - Greyhound Bus goes on strike
● 1990 - Nelson Mandela elected deputy President of the African National Congress.
● 1990 - Univ. of California-Berkeley campus police attack poetry reading at Barrington Hall co-op.
● 1991 - Battle at Rumaila Oil Field brings end to the 1991 Gulf War.
● 1991 - Sri Lankan hardliner among 19 killed in blast; The Tamil Tigers are being blamed for the assassination of Sri Lanka's Deputy Defence Minister, Ranjan Wijeratne.
● 1991 - UN votes in favor of US resolutions for cease fire with Iraq
● 1992 - Moldova joins the United Nations.
● 1992 - Rally against ethnic barricades, Sarajevo, Bosnia.
● 1992 - Uzbekistan joins the United Nations.
● 1994 - Branch Davidian cult leader David Koresh promises to surrender if taped statement is broadcast; it is, but he doesn't
● 1994 - William Natcher, (Representative-Democrat-KY), casts his 18,401 & last consecutive vote
● 1995 - Ferry boat sinks off Sumbe Angola, 42+ killed
● 1995 - Last United Nations "peacekeepers" leave Somalia.
● 1995 - Nick Leeson is arrested for his role in the collapse of Barings Bank.
● 1995 - Proposal to reinstate death penalty loses in Iowa.
● 1995 - Russian anti-corruption journalist Vladislav Listyev was killed by a gunman in Moscow.
● 1995 - Space shuttle STS-67 (Endeavour 8), launches
● 1996 - All members of Brazilian rock band Mamonas Assassinas die in a plane crash near São Paulo.
● 1996 - Establishment of Ranabima Royal College, Kandy, Sri Lanka.
● 1996 - John Howard is appointed as Prime Minister of Australia.
● 1997 - It was revealed that Vice President Al Gore had made fund-raising calls for the 1996 election on phones installed in government buildings for that purpose.
● 1997 - Soyuz TM-24 returns to Earth (Russia)
● 1998 - Images from the American spacecraft Galileo indicated that the Jupiter moon Europa has a liquid ocean and a source of interior heat.
● 1998 - The U.N. Security Council endorses U.N. chief Kofi Annan's deal to open Iraq's presidential palaces to arms inspectors.
● 2000 - In Great Britain, Chile's former President Augusto Pinochet Ugarte was freed from house arrest and allowed to return to Chile. Britain's Home Secretary Jack Straw had concluded that Pinochet was mentally and physically unable to stand trial. Belgium, France, Spain and Switzerland had sought the former Chilean leader on human-rights violations.
● 2002 - Eleven Israelis were killed in a Palestinian suicide bombing in Jerusalem's ultra-Orthodox neighborhood.
● 2002 - U.S. invasion of Afghanistan: Operation Anaconda begins, (ending on March 19 after killing 500 Taliban and al Qaeda fighters, with 11 Western troop fatalities).
● 2003 - Over the Sea of Japan, there was a confrontation between four armed North Korean fighter jets and a U.S. RC-135S Cobra Ball. No shots were fired in the encounter in international airspace about 150 miles off North Korea's coast. The U.S. Air Force announced that it would resume reconnaissance flights on March 12. {I am always surprised that news sources have to note the other guy is "armed" and ignore the fact we always are.}
● 2003 - The first International Symposium on Taiwan Sign Language Linguistics is held at Chung Cheng University.
● 2004 - NASA announced that the Mars rover Opportunity had discovered evidence that water had existed on Mars in the past.
● 2004 - War in Iraq: A United Nations report from the weapons inspection teams states that Iraq had no weapons of mass destruction of any significance after 1994, despite US President George W. Bush's and Prime Minister Blair's objection to the contrary before the invasion.
● 2004 - War in Iraq: Al Qaeda carries out the Ashoura Massacre in Iraq, killing 170 and wounding over 500.
● 2005 - The number of U.S. military deaths in Iraq reached 1,500.
● 2006 - President George W. Bush and Indian Prime Minister Manmohan Singh announced a landmark civilian nuclear cooperation deal in New Delhi.
● 2006 - Sir Menzies Campbell is elected the new leader of the United Kingdom Liberal Democrats.
BIRTHS
● 1316 - Robert II of Scotland, (d. 1390)
● 1409 - John II of Alençon, French soldier (d. 1476)
● 1459 - Pope Adrian VI, Dutch - Elected Pope in 1522 (d. 1523)
● 1545 - Thomas Bodley, English diplomat and library founder (d. 1613)
● 1578 - George Sandys, English colonist and poet (d. 1644)
● 1705 - William Murray, 1st Earl of Mansfield, Scottish judge and politician (d. 1793)
● 1760 - Camille Desmoulins, French journalist and politician (d. 1794)
● 1769 - DeWitt Clinton, American who presided over construction of the Erie Canal (d. 1828)
● 1770 - Louis Gabriel Suchet, French marshal (d. 1826)
● 1779 - Joel Roberts Poinsett, American statesman and botanist (d. 1851)
● 1793 - Sam Houston, President of the Republic of Texas (d. 1863)
● 1800 - Evgeny Baratynsky, Russian poet (d. 1844)
● 1810 - Pope Leo XIII (d. 1903)
● 1816 - Alexander H. Bullock, 26th Governor of Massachusetts (d. 1882)
● 1820 - Multatuli, Dutch writer (d. 1887)
● 1824 - Bedřich Smetana, Czech composer (d. 1884)
● 1829 - Carl Schurz, German revolutionary and statesman (d. 1906)
● 1836 - Henry Billings Brown, U.S. Supreme Court Justice (d. 1913)
● 1842 - Carl Jacobsen, Danish brewer and patron of the arts after whom the Carlsberg brewery was named (d. 1914)
● 1843 - Princess Maria Clotilde of Savoy (d. 1911)
● 1849 - Robert Means Thompson, U.S. naval officer (d. 1930)
● 1859 - Sholom Aleichem, Russian novelist (d. 1916)
● 1860 - Susanna M. Salter, American politician (d. 1961)
● 1862 - Boris Borisovich Galitzine, Russian physicist (d. 1916)
● 1862 - John Jay Chapman, American poet, dramatist, and critic (d. 1933)
● 1876 - Pope Pius XII (d. 1958)
● 1878 - William Kissam Vanderbilt II, member of the Vanderbilt family (d. 1944)
● 1886 - Willis O'Brien, American animator (d. 1962)
● 1900 - Kurt Weill, German composer (d. 1950)
● 1902 - Edward Condon, American physicist (d. 1974)
● 1902 - Moe Berg, American baseball player and spy (d. 1972)
● 1904 - Dr. Seuss, American author (d. 1991)
● 1905 - Geoffrey Grigson, English poet, editor, and literary critic (d. 1985)
● 1908 - Fyodor Matveyevich Okhlopkov, Yakut-born Soviet sniper (d. 1968)
● 1908 - Walter Bruch, German engineer (d. 1990)
● 1909 - Mel Ott, American baseball player (d. 1958)
● 1913 - Celedonio Romero, Spanish guitarist (d. 1996)
● 1913 - Godfried Bomans, Dutch author and television personality (d. 1971)
● 1913 - Mort Cooper, American baseball player (d. 1958)
● 1914 - Martin Ritt, American director (d. 1990)
● 1917 - David Goodis, American writer (d. 1967)
● 1917 - Desi Arnaz, Cuban-born American actor and bandleader (d. 1986)
● 1917 - Jim Konstanty, American baseball player (d. 1976)
● 1918 - Peter O'Sullevan, Irish horse racing commentator
● 1919 - Jennifer Jones, American actress
● 1919 - Tamara Toumanova, Russian ballerina and actress (d. 1996)
● 1921 - Ernst Haas, Austrian-born photojournalist (d. 1986)
● 1923 - Orrin Keepnews, American writer and critic
● 1923 - Robert H. Michel, American politician
● 1926 - Murray Rothbard, American economist (d. 1995)
● 1927 - Roger Walkowiak, French cyclist
● 1928 - Father John Romanides, Greek priest and professor (d. 2001)
● 1930 - Emma Penella, Spanish actress (d. 2007)
● 1930 - John Cullum, American actor and singer (''Northern Exposure'')
● 1931 - Mikhail Gorbachev, President of the Soviet Union and recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize
● 1931(30? NYT) - Tom Wolfe, American author
● 1935 - Al Waxman, Canadian actor (d. 2001)
● 1937 - Abdelaziz Bouteflika, President of Algeria
● 1938 - Lawrence Payton, American singer and songwriter (The Four Tops) (d. 1997)
● 1938 - Ricardo Lagos, former President of Chile
● 1939 - Barbara Luna, Actress
● 1940 - Tony Croatto, Italian-born composer (d. 2005)
● 1941 - David Satcher, 16th United States Surgeon General
● 1941 - Jon Finch, Actor
● 1942 - John Irving, American author
● 1942 - Lou Reed, American singer and guitarist
● 1942 - Luc Plamondon, French Canadian lyricist
● 1942 - Peter Guber, American film producer
● 1943 - Peter Straub, American author
● 1943 - Tony Meehan, English drummer (The Shadows) (d. 2005)
● 1943 - Zygfryd Blaut, Polish footballer (d. 2005)
● 1944 - Uschi Glas, German actress
● 1947 - Harry Redknapp, English football manager
● 1948 - Jeff Kennett, Australian politician
● 1948 - Larry Carlton, American guitarist
● 1948 - Rory Gallagher, Irish guitarist (d. 1995)
● 1949 - Alain Chamfort, French singer
● 1949 - Eddie Money, American singer
● 1949 - Gates McFadden, American actress
● 1949 - J. P. R. Williams, Welsh rugby union footballer
● 1950 - Jeffrey Chodorow, American restaurateur and financier
● 1950 - Karen Carpenter, American singer (The Carpenters) (d. 1983)
● 1951 - Cassie Yates, Actress
● 1952 - Laraine Newman, American actress
● 1952 - Mark Evanier, American writer
● 1953 - Russ Feingold, American politician
● 1955 - Jay Osmond, American musician (The Osmonds)
● 1955 - Ken Salazar, American politician
● 1955 - Shoko Asahara, Japanese cult leader
● 1956 - John Cowsill, American musician (The Cowsills)
● 1956 - Mark Evans, Australian bassist (AC/DC)
● 1958 - Ian Woosnam, Welsh golfer
● 1958 - Peter Arnold, American architect
● 1959 - Larry Stewart, Country singer (Restless Heart)
● 1961 - Simone Young, Australian conductor
● 1962 - Al Del Greco, American football player
● 1962 - Jon Bon Jovi, American musician (Bon Jovi)
● 1962 - Michael Salinger, American Poet
● 1962 - Morioka Hiroyuki, Japanese writer
● 1962 - Raimo Summanen, Finnish ice hockey player and coach
● 1962 - Scott Sterling, American musician (Scott La Rock)
● 1963 - Tanyu Kiryakov, Bulgarian pistol shooter
● 1963 - Tuff Hedeman, American bull rider
● 1964 - Megan Leigh, American porn star (d. 1990)
● 1964 - Mike Von Erich, American professional wrestler (d. 1987)
● 1965 - Lembit Öpik, British politician
● 1965 - Ron Gant, American baseball player
● 1968 - Daniel Craig, English actor
● 1971 - Dave Gorman, English documentary comedian
● 1971 - Elizabeth Lackey, American actress
● 1972 - Amber Smith, American actress and model
● 1973 - Dejan Bodiroga, Serbian basketball player
● 1973 - Trevor Sinclair, English footballer
● 1974 - Hayley Lewis, Australian swimmer
● 1974 - Monika Niederstätter, Italian athlete
● 1976 - Casey, Rock musician (Jimmie's Chicken Shack)
● 1976 - Glenn Rubenstein, American writer and journalist
● 1977 - Andrew Strauss, English cricket player
● 1977 - Chris Martin, English musician (Coldplay)
● 1977 - Heather McComb, American actress (''Party of Five'')
● 1977 - Jay Gibbons, American baseball player
● 1978 - Claudio Sanchez, American musician (Coheed and Cambria)
● 1978 - Giannis Skopelitis, Greek footballer
● 1979 - Damien Duff, Irish footballer
● 1980 - Édson Nobre, Angolan footballer
● 1980 - Lance Cade, American professional wrestler
● 1981 - Bryce Dallas Howard, American actress
● 1982 - Ben Roethlisberger, American football player
● 1982 - Corey Webster, American football player
● 1982 - Henrik Lundqvist, Swedish ice hockey player
● 1982 - Kevin Kurányi, German footballer
● 1983 - Glen Perkins, American baseball player
● 1984 - Elizabeth Jagger, English Model and Actress
● 1985 - Luke Pritchard, British singer (The Kooks)
● 1985 - Reggie Bush, American football player
● 1985 - Robert Iler, American actor (''The Sopranos'')
● 1988 - Keith Jack, British singer and actor
● 1988 - Markéta Irglová, Czech songwriter and actress
● 1988 - Nadine Samonte, Filipino actress
● 1989 - Will Makar, American singer
DEATHS
● 855 - Lothair, King of the Franks and Holy Roman Emperor (b. 795)
● 1316 - Marjorie Bruce, daughter of Robert I of Scotland (b. 1296)
● 1572 - Mem de Sá, Portuguese Governor-General of Brazil
● 1589 - Alessandro Cardinal Farnese, Italian cardinal (b. 1520)
● 1729 - Francesco Bianchini, Italian philosopher and scientist (b. 1662)
● 1730 - Pope Benedict XIII (b. 1649)
● 1755 - Louis de Rouvroy, duc de Saint-Simon, French writer (b. 1675)
● 1758 - Pierre Guérin de Tencin, French cardinal (b. 1679)
● 1791 - John Wesley, English founder of Methodism (b. 1703)
● 1793 - Carl Gustaf Pilo, Swedish-born artist
● 1797 - Horace Walpole, English politician and writer (b. 1717)
● 1830 - Samuel Thomas von Sömmering, German physician (b. 1755)
● 1835 - Francis II, Holy Roman Emperor (b. 1768)
● 1840 - Heinrich Wilhelm Matthäus Olbers, German astronomer (b. 1758)
● 1865 - Carl Sylvius Völkner, German missionary to New Zealand (b. 1819)
● 1880 - Sir John MacNeill, Irish civil engineer (b. 1790)
● 1894 - William McMurdo, British army officer (b. 1819)
● 1895 - Berthe Morisot, French painter (b. 1841)
● 1895 - Isma'il Pasha, Governor of Egypt (b. 1830)
● 1921 - Champ Clark, American politician (b. 1850)
● 1921 - King Nicholas I of Montenegro (b. 1841)
● 1930 - D. H. Lawrence, English writer (b. 1885)
● 1938 - Ben Harney, American composer and pianist (b. 1871)
● 1939 - Howard Carter, British archaeologist (b. 1874)
● 1945 - Emily Carr, Canadian artist (b. 1871)
● 1946 - Fidél Pálffy, Hungarian Nazi (b. 1895)
● 1953 - Jim Lightbody, American runner (b. 1882)
● 1958 - Fred Merkle, American baseball figure (b. 1888)
● 1959 - Eric Blore, English actor (b. 1887)
● 1960 - Stanisław Taczak, Polish general, commander-in-chief of the Greater Poland Uprising (b. 1874)
● 1962 - Charles Jean de la Vallée-Poussin, Belgian mathematician (b. 1866)
● 1967 - José Martínez Ruiz, Spanish poet and writer (b. 1873)
● 1973 - Cleo A. Noel, Jr., US Chief of Mission to Sudan, assassinated (b. 1918)
● 1974 - Salvador Puig Antich, Spanish anarchist (b. 1948)
● 1975 - Josiah Mwangi Kariuki, Kenyan politician (b.1929)
● 1979 - Christy Ring Irish hurler (b. 1920)
● 1982 - Philip K. Dick, American author (b. 1928)
● 1987 - Randolph Scott, American actor and director (b. 1898)
● 1991 - Serge Gainsbourg, French singer (b. 1928)
● 1992 - Sandy Dennis, American actress (b. 1937)
● 1994 - Anita Morris, American actress (b. 1943)
● 1997 - Bloodshed, American rapper (b. 1975)
● 1999 - David Ackles, American singer and songwriter (b. 1937)
● 1999 - Dusty Springfield, English singer (b. 1939)
● 2001 - John Diamond, British journalist (b. 1953)
● 2003 - Hank Ballard, American musician (b. 1927)
● 2003 - Malcolm Williamson, Australian composer (b. 1931)
● 2004 - Cormac McAnallen, Northern Irish Gaelic footballer (b. 1980)
● 2004 - Marge Schott, American baseball team owner {and well known racist} (b. 1928)
● 2004 - Mercedes McCambridge, American actress (b. 1916)
● 2005 - Martin Denny, American musician (b. 1911)
● 2005 - Rick Mahler, American baseball player (b. 1953)
● 2006 - Jack Wild, British actor (b. 1952)
● 2006 - Milton Katims, American violist and conductor (b. 1909)
● 2007 - Clem Labine, American baseball player (b. 1926)
● 2007 - Henri Troyat, French writer, dean of the Académie française (b. 1911)
● 2007 - Ivan Safronov, Russian journalist (b. 1956)
● 2007 - Thomas S. Kleppe, U.S. politician (b. 1919)
HOLIDAYS AND OBSERVANCES
● Roman Catholic:
● St. Abdalon
● St. Agnes of Boheinia
● Martyrs of Campania
● St. Chad
● St. Cynibild
● St. Fergna
● St. Gilstlian
● Sts. Jovinus & Basileus
● Sts. Paul, Heraclius, and Companions
● St. Willeic
● Bl. Charles the Good, Count of Flanders
● Russian Orthodox Christian Menaion Calendar for February 19 (Civil Date: March 2)
● Apostles Archippus and Philemon of the Seventy, and Martyr Apphia.
● St. Dositheus of Palestine, disciple of St. Abba Dorotheus.
● St. Rabulas of Samosata.
● Saints Eugene and Macarius, presbyters, confessors at Antioch.
● Martyrs Maximus, Theodotus, Hesychius, and Asclepiodota of Adrianopolis.
● St. Conon, abbot in Palestine.
● St. Philothea, nun of Athens.
● New Hieromartyr Nicetas of Epirus.
● Repose of Hieromonk Theodore of Sanaxar Monastery (1791).
● Anglican:
● St. Chad, Bishop of Lichfield
● Lutheran:
● Charles Wesley
● John Wesley
● Bahá'í Faith:
● Feast of 'Alá (Loftiness) - First day of the 19th month of the Bahá'í calendar.
● Beginning of the Fast (sunrise to sunset fast for 19 days).
● Burma - Peasant's Day
● Ethiopia - Battle of Aduwa Day (1896)
● Morocco - Independence Day (1956)
● Texas - Independence Day (1836)
THIS IS AN ABBREVIATED POST FOR THIS DATE USING ONLY THE FOLLOWING EIGHT SOURCES. A COMPLETE POST IS PLANNED AS SOON AS TIME ALLOWS.
This Previous Day in History Post With
This Original Wikipedia List form the core of this post.
Additional facts taken from:
Information on Geov Parrish's this Day in Radical History, things that happened on this day that you never had to memorize in school.
Roman Catholic Saint of the Day
Russian Orthodox Christian Menaion Calendar
Liberal Quotes of the Day taken from The Best Liberal Quotes Ever: Why the Left Is Right Compiled by William P. Martin ©2004
Quotes from the Right of the Day taken from Take Them at Their Words: Startling, Amusing and Baffling Quotations from the GOP and Their Friends, 1994-2004 Compiled by Bruce J. Miller with Diana Maio ©2004
Dumbest Thing Said for the Day taken from 1001 Dumbest Things Ever Said Edited by Steven D. Price ©2004
Permanent Backlink to Post
Day of the week in surrounding years:
1981,1987,1992,1998,. . . .—MON—2009
1982,. . . .,1993,1999,2004—TUE—2010
1983,1988,1994,. . . .,2005—WED—2011
. . . .,1989,1995,2000,2006—THU—. . . .
1984,1990,. . . .,2001,2007—FRI—2012
1985,1991,1996,2002,. . . .—SAT—2013
1986,. . . .,1997,2003,2008—SUN—2014
PASCAL DATE INFORMATION
Easter Sunday for the Western Christian Church is defined as the first Sunday following the first full moon after the Spring Equinox. Lent is defined as the forty days prior to Easter not including Sundays thus Lent begins on Ash Wednesday, which is 46 days prior to Easter. Calculations for Ash Wednesday and Easter Sunday were performed for the 3774 years from 326 to 4099. For the year range 326 to 1582, dates are based on the Julian calendar. For years 1583 to 4099, dates are based on the Gregorian calendar. Ash Wednesday falls in a range of 36 days from February 4 to March 10. Easter Sunday falls in a range of 35 days from March 22 to April 25. The extra day in the Ash Wednesday range is February 29, which only occurs in leap years. February 29 only effects when Ash Wednesday occurs since it is well before the Spring Equinox and has no effect on the date for Easter Sunday. March 10 to March 21 is a twelve-day range that must occur in Lent no matter the timing of Easter Sunday. The entire range of 82 dates from February 4 to April 25 represents all dates with Pascal ramifications.
March 2 is the 28th possible date for Ash Wednesday. Ash Wednesday occurs on this date 120 times during the 3774 years calculated and is ranked 18th of the 36 dates.
It occurred on this date previously in the years:
371, 382, 393, 404, 466, 477, 488, 561, 572, 651, 656, 735, 746, 819, 830, 841, 903, 914, 925, 936, 998, 1009, 1020, 1093, 1104, 1183, 1188, 1267, 1278, 1351, 1362, 1373, 1435, 1446, 1457, 1468, 1530, 1541, 1552, 1588, 1650, 1661, 1672, 1718, 1729, 1740, 1808, 1870, 1881, 1892, 1927, 1938, 1949, 1960
It will occur on this date in the future in the years:
2022, 2033, 2044, 2101, 2112, 2174, 2185, 2196, 2242, 2253, 2264, 2310, 2321, 2332, 2394, 2405, 2416, 2489, 2546, 2557, 2568, 2614, 2625, 2636, 2704, 2766, 2777, 2788, 2861, 2867, 2872, 2929, 2940, 3008, 3081, 3092, 3138, 3149, 3160, 3233, 3239, 3244, 3301, 3312, 3385, 3391, 3396, 3453, 3464, 3521, 3532, 3605, 3616, 3695, 3763, 3768, 3825, 3831, 3836, 3904, 3977, 3983, 3988, 4067, 4072, 4078
Best Liberal Quote of the Day: On Feminism "One distressing thing is the way men react to women who assert their equality: their ultimate weapon is to call them unfeminine. They think she is anti-male; they even whisper that she's probably a lesbian." — Shirley Chisholm {Far from being anti-male, feminists are pro-female and pro-human being. Some of the strongest feminists in the world just happen to be enlightened males.}
Stupidest and/or Scariest Quote from the Right for the Day: On All Hail King George ". . . I'm the commander—see, I don't need to explain—I do not need to explain why I say things. That's the interesting thing about being the president. Maybe somebody needs to explain to me why they say something, but I don't feel like I owe anybody an explanation." — George W. "War Criminal" Bush. Bob Woodward, "A Course of 'Confident Action'; Bush Says Other Countries Will Follow Assertive U.S. in Combating Terror," Washington Post, 11-19-02.
Dumbest Thing Said for the Day: From the world of Sports "That noise in my earphone knocked my nose off, and I had to pick it up and find it." — Jerry Coleman was an infielder for the Yankees (what is it about the Bronx Bombers that turned out such a raft of funny speakers?), and manager of the San Diego Padres. After playing, he made his mark as a radio and TV broadcaster, where his malapropisms, non sequiturs, and other goofs became legendary. Coleman is Hall of Shame member #8.
{Disclaimer: I have attempted to give credit to the many different sources that I get entries. Any failure to do so is unintentional. Any statement enclosed by brackets like these are the opinion of the blogger, A Proud Liberal.}
MOON PHASE
Berkeley, California—Times are Pacific Standard Time (PST)
Mar 2, 2008 2:00 AM Name: Waning Crescent Percent of Full: 28% Age: 82% Rise: 3:40 AM Set: 12:53 PM
Surprise, Arizona—Times are Mountain Standard Time (MST)
Mar 2, 2008 2:00 AM Name: Waning Crescent Percent of Full: 29% Age: 82% Rise: 3:44 AM Set: 1:26 PM
Iowa City, Iowa—Times are Central Standard Time (CST)
Mar 2, 2008 2:00 AM Name: Waning Crescent Percent of Full: 29% Age: 82% Rise: 3:49 AM Set: 12:30 PM
Cambridge, Massachusetts—Times are Eastern Standard Time (EST)
Mar 2, 2008 2:00 AM Name: Waning Crescent Percent of Full: 30% Age: 82% Rise: 3:28 AM Set: 12:02 PM
NASA ASTRONOMY PICTURE OF THE DAY
Comet Hale-Bopp Over Val Parola Pass
Credit & Copyright: A. Dimai, (Col Druscie Obs.), AAC
Click picture to go to NASA APOD site for full explanation
EVENTS
● 871 - Battle at Marton: Ethelred van Wessex beats Danish invasion army
● 986 - Louis V becomes King of the Franks.
● 1121 - Dirk VI becomes count of Holland
● 1127 - Assassination of Charles the Good, Count of Flanders.
● 1458 - Hussite George van Podiebrad chosen king of Bohemia
● 1498 - Vasco da Gama's fleet visits Mozambique Island
● 1629 - English King Charles I leaces house of commons
● 1675 - Prince William III installed as Governor of Overijssel
● 1776 - Americans begin shelling British troops in Boston
● 1789 - Pennsylvania ends prohibition of theatrical performances
● 1791 - Long-distance communication speeds up with the unveiling of a semaphore machine in Paris.
● 1793 - Sam Houston, the first president of the Republic of Texas, was born near Lexington, Va.
● 1795 - Africans revolt in Fedon’s Insurrection against British rule of Grenada.
● 1799 - Congress standardizes US weights & measures
● 1807 - U.S. Congress passes act prohibiting importation of slaves. The first American slave ship, named Desire, sailed from Marblehead, Massachussetts, in 1637. Since then, nearly 15 million blacks have been transported as slaves to the Americas. The African continent, meanwhile, has lost 50 million human beings to slavery and related deaths. But today's Congressional prohibition will go unenforced due to the huge profits it would curtail. Another 250,000 slaves will be imported illegally before the Civil War.
● 1808 - The inaugural meeting of the Wernerian Natural History Society, a former Scottish learned society, was held in Edinburgh.
● 1815 - Signing of Kandyan treaty by British invaders and Sri Lankan King.
● 1817 - 1st Evangelical church building dedicated, New Berlin PA
● 1819 - Territory of Arkansas organized
● 1819 - US passed its 1st immigration law
● 1820 - Birth of Eduard Douwes Dekker (1820-1887), best known under his pseudonym, Multatuli (Latin, "I have suffered much"). Great Dutch anarchist writer/novelist, a one-time civil servant who wrote the autobiographical novel "Max Havelaar," reflecting his disgust with Dutch colonialism and racism. Despised middle-class conformism, excoriating religion, the family, and prejudices of all kinds -- racist, sexist or sexual. Multatuli's ideas influenced the socialist and libertarian milieu of his time, and practising his libertarian ideals scandalized his contemporaries, living as he did with two women and their children.
● 1824 - Interstate commerce comes under federal control
● 1829 - New England Asylum for the Blind, 1st in US, incorporated, Boston
● 1831 - John Frazee becomes 1st US sculptor to receive a federal commission
● 1836 - Texas Revolution: Declaration of independence of the Republic of Texas from Mexico. If only it had stayed that way.
● 1853 - Territory of Washington organized after separating from Oregon Territory
● 1855 - Alexander II becomes Tsar of Russia.
● 1858 - Frederick Cook, New Orleans, patents a cotton-bale metallic tie
● 1861 - Emancipation reform of 1861 in Russia: Tsar Alexander II signed the emancipation reform into law, abolishing Russian serfdom.
● 1861 - Government Printing Office purchases 1st printing plant, Washington DC
● 1861 - US Congress creates Dakota & Nevada Territories out of the Nebraska & Utah territories
● 1863 - The United States Congress authorizes track width of 4 ft 8½ in (1,435 mm) for Union Pacific Railroad
● 1865 - Freedman's Bureau founded for Black Education, 1865
● 1865 - General Early's army is defeated at Waynesborough
● 1865 - Second Taranaki War: The Volkner Incident in New Zealand.
● 1866 - Excelsior Needle Company began making sewing machine needles.
● 1867 - Congress abolishes peonage {a Mexican form of serfdom} in New Mexico
● 1867 - Howard University established
● 1867 - Jesse James-gang robs bank in Savannah MO, 1 dead
● 1867 - The United States Congress passed the 1st Reconstruction Act
● 1867 - US Congress creates the Department of Education {there was no debate about this being a Liberal plot to brainwash children}
● 1868 - University of Illinois opens
● 1877 - Despite an apparent Democratic victory at the polls, the Electoral College, swayed by Republican bribery, selects Rutherford B. Hayes, a Republican, as President. Supporters of Democrat Samuel Tilden claim a stolen election. Sound familiar?
● 1888 - The Convention of Constantinople is signed, guaranteeing free maritime passage through the Suez Canal during war and peace.
● 1889 - Kansas passes 1st US antitrust laws
● 1893 - 1st federal railroad legislation passed; required safety features
● 1896 - Ethiopia defeats Italy in the Battle of Adwa, marking the first victory of an African nation over a colonial power.
● 1897 - U.S. President Cleveland vetoed legislation that would have required a literacy test for immigrants entering the country.
● 1899 - Congress allows railroad companies blanket approval for rights- of-way through Indian lands.
● 1899 - President McKinley signs bill creating Mount Rainier National Park (5th in US)
● 1899 - U.S. President McKinley signed a measure that created the rank of Admiral for the U.S. Navy. The first admiral was George Dewey.
● 1900 - The U.S. Congress voted to give $2 million in aid to Puerto Rico.
● 1901 - Hawaii's 1st telegraph company opens
● 1901 - The Platt Amendment is passed by Congress. The amendment informs Cuba that U.S. troops will not be withdrawn. Cuba unofficially becomes a protectorate of the U.S.
● 1903 - In New York City the Martha Washington Hotel opens, becoming the first hotel exclusively for women.
● 1904 - Greatest radical political organizer of all time, Dr. Seuss (Teodore Giesel), born, Springfield, Mass
● 1906 - A tornado in Missouri killed 33 and did $5 million in damage.
● 1907 - General Louis Botha named premier of Transvaal
● 1907 - In Hamburg, Germany, dock workers went on strike after the end of the night shift. British strike breakers were brought in. The issue was settled on April 22, 1907.
● 1908 - In New York, the Committee of the Russian Republican Administration was founded.
● 1908 - In Paris, Gabriel Lippmann introduced three-dimensional color photography at the Academy of Sciences.
● 1909 - Great Britain, France, Germany & Italy ask Serbia to set no territorial demands
● 1910 - 2 trains crash in snow storm in Wellington WA, 118 die
● 1915 - British Vice Admiral Carden begins bombing of Dardanelles forts
● 1915 - Vladmir Jabotinsky forms a Jewish military force to fight in Palestine
● 1917 - The enactment of the Jones-Shafroth Act grants Puerto Ricans, United States citizenship.
● 1917 - (Old Style) Tsar Nicholas II abdicates the throne in favor of his brother Michael II of Russia after a series of strikes and protests spread through Petrograd (St. Petersburg) and Moscow, Russia; the government lasts until October, when it is overthrown by the Bolsheviks.
● 1919 - The first Communist International meets in Moscow.
● 1921 - Kronstadt Provisional Revolutionary Committee forms, The Kronstadt Soviet was due to be renewed, and 16,000 showed up and the mass assembly adopted the Petropavlovsk resolution -- opposed only by two Bolsheviks.
● 1925 - Japan's House of Representatives recognizes male suffrage
● 1925 - SDAP-Second-Faction (Dutch Socialists) of parliament demands drastic disarmament
● 1925 - Secretary of Agriculture approves first list of United States Numbered Highways
● 1929 - Congress creates Court of Customs & Patent Appeals
● 1930 - 1st US indoor glider flight, St Louis Terminal Building
● 1930 - American missionary Gustav Schmidt, 39, opened the Danzig Instytut Biblijny in the Free City of Danzig (Gdansk), Poland. It was the first Pentecostal Bible institute established in Eastern Europe.
● 1933 - Most powerful earthquake in 180 years hit Japan
● 1934 - Birthday of Dottie Rambo, contemporary gospel singer and songwriter. She has authored such country gospel favorites as "In the Valley He Restoreth My Soul," "Build My Mansion Next Door to Jesus" and "I Just Came to Talk With You, Lord."
● 1934 - Union Pacific tests light-weight high-speed passenger train, Omaha
● 1937 - Mexico nationalizes oil
● 1937 - The Steel Workers Organizing Committee signs a surprise collective bargaining agreement with U.S. Steel, leading to unionization of the United States steel industry.
● 1938 - Landslides & floods cause over 200 deaths (Los Angeles CA)
● 1938 - Trials of Soviet leaders begins in the Soviet Union
● 1939 - Cardinal Eugenio Pacelli is elected Pope and takes the name Pius XII. {As cardinal he was instrumental in new treaties between the Vatican and the fascist states of Germany and Italy.}
● 1939 - The Massachusetts legislature voted to ratify the Bill of Rights to the U.S. Constitution. These first ten amendments had gone into effect 147 years before.
● 1940 - Soviet armies conquer Tuppura Island Finland
● 1941 - World War II: First German military units enter Bulgaria after it joined the Axis Pact.
● 1942 - Acting under Executive Order 9066, Lt. General John DeWitt proclaims all Japanese-Americans would be required to move away from the West Coast, and recommends, for their own good, they should do so voluntarily. (Any time a government uses the phrase "for their own good," big, big trouble is brewing.)
● 1942 - Admiral Helfrich departs Java for Ceylon
● 1943 - 1st transport from Westerbork Netherlands to Sobibor concentration camp
● 1943 - World War II: Battle of the Bismarck Sea - United States and Australian forces sink Japanese convoy ships.
● 1944 - Fumes from locomotive stalled in a tunnel suffocates 521 in Italy
● 1945 - 8th Air Force bombs Dresden
● 1945 - Anne Frank dies in Bergen-Belsen concentration camp.
● 1945 - King Michael of Romania gives in to Communist government
● 1946 - Dutch troops land on East Bali
● 1946 - Ho Chi Minh is elected the President of North Vietnam.
● 1946 - Kingman Douglass, becomes deputy director of CIA
● 1948 - U.S. Senate Chaplain Peter Marshall prayed: 'O God, forgive the poverty and the pettiness of our prayers. Listen not to our words but to the yearnings of our hearts. Hear beneath our petitions the crying of our need.'
● 1949 - Captain James Gallagher lands his B-50 Superfortress Lucky Lady II in Fort Worth, Texas after completing the first non-stop around-the-world airplane flight in 94 hours and one minute.
● 1949 - The first automatic street light was installed in New Milford, Conn..
● 1955 - King Norodom Sihanouk of Cambodia abdicates the throne in favor of his father, King Norodom Suramarit.
● 1955 - Months before Rosa Parks, teenager Claudette Colvin is arrested in Montgomery, Ala., for refusing to give up her bus seat to a white person.
● 1956 - King of Jordan sacks British general; King Hussein of Jordan sacks the British commander of the Arab Legion in an effort to strengthen his own position within the Arab world.
● 1956 - Morocco tears up the Treaty of Féz, declares independence from France
● 1958 - 1st surface crossing of Antarctic continent is completed in 99 days
● 1958 - Yemen announces it will join the United Arab Republic
● 1959 - American Presbyterian apologist Francis Schaeffer wrote in a letter: 'Christianity is the greatest intellectual system the mind of man has ever touched.'
● 1962 - Atmospheric nuclear weapons tests resumed by UK.
● 1962 - In Burma, the army led by General Ne Win seizes power in a coup.
● 1962 - JFK announces US will resume above ground nuclear testing
● 1964 - Marlon Brando and Bob Satiacum are arrested at a "fish-in" at Frank's Landing, Washington, in support of Native American fishing rights.
● 1965 - Montcalm Community College in Sidney MI, founded
● 1965 - The North Carolina legislature voted to bring Charlotte College into the UNC system, forming the University of North Carolina at Charlotte.
● 1966 - 215,000 US soldiers in Vietnam
● 1966 - A Canadian Pacific Airlines DC-8 crashes on landing at Tokyo's Haneda Airport in a thunderstorm one day before the crash of BOAC Flight 911 from the same location.
● 1967 - US performs nuclear test at Nevada Test Site
● 1968 - USAF displays Lockheed C-5A Galaxy, biggest plane in the world
● 1968 - USSR launches space probe Zond 4; fails to leave Earth orbit
● 1969 - Chinese-Russian borders fight (approximately 70 die)
● 1969 - In Toulouse, France the first test flight of the Anglo-French Concorde is conducted.
● 1969 - Soviet and Chinese forces clash at a border outpost on the Ussuri River.
● 1970 - American Airlines' 1st flight of a Boeing 747
● 1970 - Ian Smith declares Rhodesia a republic; Prime Minister of Rhodesia Ian Smith declares his country a republic, cutting its last link with the British Crown.
● 1970 - Supreme Court ruled draft evaders can not be penalized after 5 years
● 1971 - Oriental Student Union protesters occupy Seattle Central Community College.
● 1972 - Jean-Bédel Bokassa appoints himself President for life of Central African Republic
● 1972 - The Pioneer 10 space probe is launched from Cape Canaveral, Florida with a mission to explore the outer planets.
● 1973 - "Black September" terrorists occupy Saudi Embassy in Khartoum
● 1974 - 1st class postage raised from 8¢ to 10¢
● 1974 - Grand jury concludes President Nixon is involved in Watergate cover-up
● 1974 - Salvador Puig Antich, 24, dies, garrotted at Model de Barcelone despite international protests. Young anarchist militant in the guerilla MIL (Mouvement Iberique de Liberation) fighting the yoke of Francoism.
● 1977 - Libya amends constitution
● 1978 - Czech Vladimír Remek becomes the first non-Russian or non-American to go into space, when he is launched aboard Soyuz 28.
● 1979 - Over 1,100 Christian organizations combined to form the Evangelical Council for Financial Accountability (ECFA). This oversight agency was created to demonstrate to the public that religious groups wanted to make themselves accountable for the funds they raise and spend. {Some preachers today still refuse to open their books to ECFA; one might think they have something to hide.}
● 1981 - Aircraft hijacked by 3 Pakistani terrorists
● 1982 - Philip K. Dick dies, Santa Ana, California, American science fiction writer par excellence, known for creation of eerily prescient (so far) dystopias.
● 1982 - Terror group "The Illuminated Path" frees 260 prisoners in Peru
● 1983 - Compact Disc recordings developed by Phillips & Sony introduced {Cooperation between two companies avoid VHS/Betamax type of fight.}
● 1983 - USSR performs underground nuclear test
● 1984 - Iran offensive against Iraq fails
● 1985 - The U.S. government approved a screening test for AIDS that detected antibodies to the virus that allowed possibly contaminated blood to be kept out of the blood supply.
● 1986 - Corazon Aquino was sworn into office as president of the Philippines. Her first public declaration was to restore the civil rights of the citizens of her country.
● 1986 - Protesters try to stop Land Rover motor company being sold to US
● 1987 - Chrysler acquires American Motors.
● 1988 - Dutch Liberal Party merged with SDP
● 1989 - Exxon Houston runs aground in Hawaii, spills 117,000 gallons of oil
● 1989 - Twelve European Community nations agree to ban the production of all chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) by the end of the century.
● 1990 - Greyhound Bus goes on strike
● 1990 - Nelson Mandela elected deputy President of the African National Congress.
● 1990 - Univ. of California-Berkeley campus police attack poetry reading at Barrington Hall co-op.
● 1991 - Battle at Rumaila Oil Field brings end to the 1991 Gulf War.
● 1991 - Sri Lankan hardliner among 19 killed in blast; The Tamil Tigers are being blamed for the assassination of Sri Lanka's Deputy Defence Minister, Ranjan Wijeratne.
● 1991 - UN votes in favor of US resolutions for cease fire with Iraq
● 1992 - Moldova joins the United Nations.
● 1992 - Rally against ethnic barricades, Sarajevo, Bosnia.
● 1992 - Uzbekistan joins the United Nations.
● 1994 - Branch Davidian cult leader David Koresh promises to surrender if taped statement is broadcast; it is, but he doesn't
● 1994 - William Natcher, (Representative-Democrat-KY), casts his 18,401 & last consecutive vote
● 1995 - Ferry boat sinks off Sumbe Angola, 42+ killed
● 1995 - Last United Nations "peacekeepers" leave Somalia.
● 1995 - Nick Leeson is arrested for his role in the collapse of Barings Bank.
● 1995 - Proposal to reinstate death penalty loses in Iowa.
● 1995 - Russian anti-corruption journalist Vladislav Listyev was killed by a gunman in Moscow.
● 1995 - Space shuttle STS-67 (Endeavour 8), launches
● 1996 - All members of Brazilian rock band Mamonas Assassinas die in a plane crash near São Paulo.
● 1996 - Establishment of Ranabima Royal College, Kandy, Sri Lanka.
● 1996 - John Howard is appointed as Prime Minister of Australia.
● 1997 - It was revealed that Vice President Al Gore had made fund-raising calls for the 1996 election on phones installed in government buildings for that purpose.
● 1997 - Soyuz TM-24 returns to Earth (Russia)
● 1998 - Images from the American spacecraft Galileo indicated that the Jupiter moon Europa has a liquid ocean and a source of interior heat.
● 1998 - The U.N. Security Council endorses U.N. chief Kofi Annan's deal to open Iraq's presidential palaces to arms inspectors.
● 2000 - In Great Britain, Chile's former President Augusto Pinochet Ugarte was freed from house arrest and allowed to return to Chile. Britain's Home Secretary Jack Straw had concluded that Pinochet was mentally and physically unable to stand trial. Belgium, France, Spain and Switzerland had sought the former Chilean leader on human-rights violations.
● 2002 - Eleven Israelis were killed in a Palestinian suicide bombing in Jerusalem's ultra-Orthodox neighborhood.
● 2002 - U.S. invasion of Afghanistan: Operation Anaconda begins, (ending on March 19 after killing 500 Taliban and al Qaeda fighters, with 11 Western troop fatalities).
● 2003 - Over the Sea of Japan, there was a confrontation between four armed North Korean fighter jets and a U.S. RC-135S Cobra Ball. No shots were fired in the encounter in international airspace about 150 miles off North Korea's coast. The U.S. Air Force announced that it would resume reconnaissance flights on March 12. {I am always surprised that news sources have to note the other guy is "armed" and ignore the fact we always are.}
● 2003 - The first International Symposium on Taiwan Sign Language Linguistics is held at Chung Cheng University.
● 2004 - NASA announced that the Mars rover Opportunity had discovered evidence that water had existed on Mars in the past.
● 2004 - War in Iraq: A United Nations report from the weapons inspection teams states that Iraq had no weapons of mass destruction of any significance after 1994, despite US President George W. Bush's and Prime Minister Blair's objection to the contrary before the invasion.
● 2004 - War in Iraq: Al Qaeda carries out the Ashoura Massacre in Iraq, killing 170 and wounding over 500.
● 2005 - The number of U.S. military deaths in Iraq reached 1,500.
● 2006 - President George W. Bush and Indian Prime Minister Manmohan Singh announced a landmark civilian nuclear cooperation deal in New Delhi.
● 2006 - Sir Menzies Campbell is elected the new leader of the United Kingdom Liberal Democrats.
BIRTHS
● 1316 - Robert II of Scotland, (d. 1390)
● 1409 - John II of Alençon, French soldier (d. 1476)
● 1459 - Pope Adrian VI, Dutch - Elected Pope in 1522 (d. 1523)
● 1545 - Thomas Bodley, English diplomat and library founder (d. 1613)
● 1578 - George Sandys, English colonist and poet (d. 1644)
● 1705 - William Murray, 1st Earl of Mansfield, Scottish judge and politician (d. 1793)
● 1760 - Camille Desmoulins, French journalist and politician (d. 1794)
● 1769 - DeWitt Clinton, American who presided over construction of the Erie Canal (d. 1828)
● 1770 - Louis Gabriel Suchet, French marshal (d. 1826)
● 1779 - Joel Roberts Poinsett, American statesman and botanist (d. 1851)
● 1793 - Sam Houston, President of the Republic of Texas (d. 1863)
● 1800 - Evgeny Baratynsky, Russian poet (d. 1844)
● 1810 - Pope Leo XIII (d. 1903)
● 1816 - Alexander H. Bullock, 26th Governor of Massachusetts (d. 1882)
● 1820 - Multatuli, Dutch writer (d. 1887)
● 1824 - Bedřich Smetana, Czech composer (d. 1884)
● 1829 - Carl Schurz, German revolutionary and statesman (d. 1906)
● 1836 - Henry Billings Brown, U.S. Supreme Court Justice (d. 1913)
● 1842 - Carl Jacobsen, Danish brewer and patron of the arts after whom the Carlsberg brewery was named (d. 1914)
● 1843 - Princess Maria Clotilde of Savoy (d. 1911)
● 1849 - Robert Means Thompson, U.S. naval officer (d. 1930)
● 1859 - Sholom Aleichem, Russian novelist (d. 1916)
● 1860 - Susanna M. Salter, American politician (d. 1961)
● 1862 - Boris Borisovich Galitzine, Russian physicist (d. 1916)
● 1862 - John Jay Chapman, American poet, dramatist, and critic (d. 1933)
● 1876 - Pope Pius XII (d. 1958)
● 1878 - William Kissam Vanderbilt II, member of the Vanderbilt family (d. 1944)
● 1886 - Willis O'Brien, American animator (d. 1962)
● 1900 - Kurt Weill, German composer (d. 1950)
● 1902 - Edward Condon, American physicist (d. 1974)
● 1902 - Moe Berg, American baseball player and spy (d. 1972)
● 1904 - Dr. Seuss, American author (d. 1991)
● 1905 - Geoffrey Grigson, English poet, editor, and literary critic (d. 1985)
● 1908 - Fyodor Matveyevich Okhlopkov, Yakut-born Soviet sniper (d. 1968)
● 1908 - Walter Bruch, German engineer (d. 1990)
● 1909 - Mel Ott, American baseball player (d. 1958)
● 1913 - Celedonio Romero, Spanish guitarist (d. 1996)
● 1913 - Godfried Bomans, Dutch author and television personality (d. 1971)
● 1913 - Mort Cooper, American baseball player (d. 1958)
● 1914 - Martin Ritt, American director (d. 1990)
● 1917 - David Goodis, American writer (d. 1967)
● 1917 - Desi Arnaz, Cuban-born American actor and bandleader (d. 1986)
● 1917 - Jim Konstanty, American baseball player (d. 1976)
● 1918 - Peter O'Sullevan, Irish horse racing commentator
● 1919 - Jennifer Jones, American actress
● 1919 - Tamara Toumanova, Russian ballerina and actress (d. 1996)
● 1921 - Ernst Haas, Austrian-born photojournalist (d. 1986)
● 1923 - Orrin Keepnews, American writer and critic
● 1923 - Robert H. Michel, American politician
● 1926 - Murray Rothbard, American economist (d. 1995)
● 1927 - Roger Walkowiak, French cyclist
● 1928 - Father John Romanides, Greek priest and professor (d. 2001)
● 1930 - Emma Penella, Spanish actress (d. 2007)
● 1930 - John Cullum, American actor and singer (''Northern Exposure'')
● 1931 - Mikhail Gorbachev, President of the Soviet Union and recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize
● 1931(30? NYT) - Tom Wolfe, American author
● 1935 - Al Waxman, Canadian actor (d. 2001)
● 1937 - Abdelaziz Bouteflika, President of Algeria
● 1938 - Lawrence Payton, American singer and songwriter (The Four Tops) (d. 1997)
● 1938 - Ricardo Lagos, former President of Chile
● 1939 - Barbara Luna, Actress
● 1940 - Tony Croatto, Italian-born composer (d. 2005)
● 1941 - David Satcher, 16th United States Surgeon General
● 1941 - Jon Finch, Actor
● 1942 - John Irving, American author
● 1942 - Lou Reed, American singer and guitarist
● 1942 - Luc Plamondon, French Canadian lyricist
● 1942 - Peter Guber, American film producer
● 1943 - Peter Straub, American author
● 1943 - Tony Meehan, English drummer (The Shadows) (d. 2005)
● 1943 - Zygfryd Blaut, Polish footballer (d. 2005)
● 1944 - Uschi Glas, German actress
● 1947 - Harry Redknapp, English football manager
● 1948 - Jeff Kennett, Australian politician
● 1948 - Larry Carlton, American guitarist
● 1948 - Rory Gallagher, Irish guitarist (d. 1995)
● 1949 - Alain Chamfort, French singer
● 1949 - Eddie Money, American singer
● 1949 - Gates McFadden, American actress
● 1949 - J. P. R. Williams, Welsh rugby union footballer
● 1950 - Jeffrey Chodorow, American restaurateur and financier
● 1950 - Karen Carpenter, American singer (The Carpenters) (d. 1983)
● 1951 - Cassie Yates, Actress
● 1952 - Laraine Newman, American actress
● 1952 - Mark Evanier, American writer
● 1953 - Russ Feingold, American politician
● 1955 - Jay Osmond, American musician (The Osmonds)
● 1955 - Ken Salazar, American politician
● 1955 - Shoko Asahara, Japanese cult leader
● 1956 - John Cowsill, American musician (The Cowsills)
● 1956 - Mark Evans, Australian bassist (AC/DC)
● 1958 - Ian Woosnam, Welsh golfer
● 1958 - Peter Arnold, American architect
● 1959 - Larry Stewart, Country singer (Restless Heart)
● 1961 - Simone Young, Australian conductor
● 1962 - Al Del Greco, American football player
● 1962 - Jon Bon Jovi, American musician (Bon Jovi)
● 1962 - Michael Salinger, American Poet
● 1962 - Morioka Hiroyuki, Japanese writer
● 1962 - Raimo Summanen, Finnish ice hockey player and coach
● 1962 - Scott Sterling, American musician (Scott La Rock)
● 1963 - Tanyu Kiryakov, Bulgarian pistol shooter
● 1963 - Tuff Hedeman, American bull rider
● 1964 - Megan Leigh, American porn star (d. 1990)
● 1964 - Mike Von Erich, American professional wrestler (d. 1987)
● 1965 - Lembit Öpik, British politician
● 1965 - Ron Gant, American baseball player
● 1968 - Daniel Craig, English actor
● 1971 - Dave Gorman, English documentary comedian
● 1971 - Elizabeth Lackey, American actress
● 1972 - Amber Smith, American actress and model
● 1973 - Dejan Bodiroga, Serbian basketball player
● 1973 - Trevor Sinclair, English footballer
● 1974 - Hayley Lewis, Australian swimmer
● 1974 - Monika Niederstätter, Italian athlete
● 1976 - Casey, Rock musician (Jimmie's Chicken Shack)
● 1976 - Glenn Rubenstein, American writer and journalist
● 1977 - Andrew Strauss, English cricket player
● 1977 - Chris Martin, English musician (Coldplay)
● 1977 - Heather McComb, American actress (''Party of Five'')
● 1977 - Jay Gibbons, American baseball player
● 1978 - Claudio Sanchez, American musician (Coheed and Cambria)
● 1978 - Giannis Skopelitis, Greek footballer
● 1979 - Damien Duff, Irish footballer
● 1980 - Édson Nobre, Angolan footballer
● 1980 - Lance Cade, American professional wrestler
● 1981 - Bryce Dallas Howard, American actress
● 1982 - Ben Roethlisberger, American football player
● 1982 - Corey Webster, American football player
● 1982 - Henrik Lundqvist, Swedish ice hockey player
● 1982 - Kevin Kurányi, German footballer
● 1983 - Glen Perkins, American baseball player
● 1984 - Elizabeth Jagger, English Model and Actress
● 1985 - Luke Pritchard, British singer (The Kooks)
● 1985 - Reggie Bush, American football player
● 1985 - Robert Iler, American actor (''The Sopranos'')
● 1988 - Keith Jack, British singer and actor
● 1988 - Markéta Irglová, Czech songwriter and actress
● 1988 - Nadine Samonte, Filipino actress
● 1989 - Will Makar, American singer
DEATHS
● 855 - Lothair, King of the Franks and Holy Roman Emperor (b. 795)
● 1316 - Marjorie Bruce, daughter of Robert I of Scotland (b. 1296)
● 1572 - Mem de Sá, Portuguese Governor-General of Brazil
● 1589 - Alessandro Cardinal Farnese, Italian cardinal (b. 1520)
● 1729 - Francesco Bianchini, Italian philosopher and scientist (b. 1662)
● 1730 - Pope Benedict XIII (b. 1649)
● 1755 - Louis de Rouvroy, duc de Saint-Simon, French writer (b. 1675)
● 1758 - Pierre Guérin de Tencin, French cardinal (b. 1679)
● 1791 - John Wesley, English founder of Methodism (b. 1703)
● 1793 - Carl Gustaf Pilo, Swedish-born artist
● 1797 - Horace Walpole, English politician and writer (b. 1717)
● 1830 - Samuel Thomas von Sömmering, German physician (b. 1755)
● 1835 - Francis II, Holy Roman Emperor (b. 1768)
● 1840 - Heinrich Wilhelm Matthäus Olbers, German astronomer (b. 1758)
● 1865 - Carl Sylvius Völkner, German missionary to New Zealand (b. 1819)
● 1880 - Sir John MacNeill, Irish civil engineer (b. 1790)
● 1894 - William McMurdo, British army officer (b. 1819)
● 1895 - Berthe Morisot, French painter (b. 1841)
● 1895 - Isma'il Pasha, Governor of Egypt (b. 1830)
● 1921 - Champ Clark, American politician (b. 1850)
● 1921 - King Nicholas I of Montenegro (b. 1841)
● 1930 - D. H. Lawrence, English writer (b. 1885)
● 1938 - Ben Harney, American composer and pianist (b. 1871)
● 1939 - Howard Carter, British archaeologist (b. 1874)
● 1945 - Emily Carr, Canadian artist (b. 1871)
● 1946 - Fidél Pálffy, Hungarian Nazi (b. 1895)
● 1953 - Jim Lightbody, American runner (b. 1882)
● 1958 - Fred Merkle, American baseball figure (b. 1888)
● 1959 - Eric Blore, English actor (b. 1887)
● 1960 - Stanisław Taczak, Polish general, commander-in-chief of the Greater Poland Uprising (b. 1874)
● 1962 - Charles Jean de la Vallée-Poussin, Belgian mathematician (b. 1866)
● 1967 - José Martínez Ruiz, Spanish poet and writer (b. 1873)
● 1973 - Cleo A. Noel, Jr., US Chief of Mission to Sudan, assassinated (b. 1918)
● 1974 - Salvador Puig Antich, Spanish anarchist (b. 1948)
● 1975 - Josiah Mwangi Kariuki, Kenyan politician (b.1929)
● 1979 - Christy Ring Irish hurler (b. 1920)
● 1982 - Philip K. Dick, American author (b. 1928)
● 1987 - Randolph Scott, American actor and director (b. 1898)
● 1991 - Serge Gainsbourg, French singer (b. 1928)
● 1992 - Sandy Dennis, American actress (b. 1937)
● 1994 - Anita Morris, American actress (b. 1943)
● 1997 - Bloodshed, American rapper (b. 1975)
● 1999 - David Ackles, American singer and songwriter (b. 1937)
● 1999 - Dusty Springfield, English singer (b. 1939)
● 2001 - John Diamond, British journalist (b. 1953)
● 2003 - Hank Ballard, American musician (b. 1927)
● 2003 - Malcolm Williamson, Australian composer (b. 1931)
● 2004 - Cormac McAnallen, Northern Irish Gaelic footballer (b. 1980)
● 2004 - Marge Schott, American baseball team owner {and well known racist} (b. 1928)
● 2004 - Mercedes McCambridge, American actress (b. 1916)
● 2005 - Martin Denny, American musician (b. 1911)
● 2005 - Rick Mahler, American baseball player (b. 1953)
● 2006 - Jack Wild, British actor (b. 1952)
● 2006 - Milton Katims, American violist and conductor (b. 1909)
● 2007 - Clem Labine, American baseball player (b. 1926)
● 2007 - Henri Troyat, French writer, dean of the Académie française (b. 1911)
● 2007 - Ivan Safronov, Russian journalist (b. 1956)
● 2007 - Thomas S. Kleppe, U.S. politician (b. 1919)
HOLIDAYS AND OBSERVANCES
● Roman Catholic:
● St. Abdalon
● St. Agnes of Boheinia
● Martyrs of Campania
● St. Chad
● St. Cynibild
● St. Fergna
● St. Gilstlian
● Sts. Jovinus & Basileus
● Sts. Paul, Heraclius, and Companions
● St. Willeic
● Bl. Charles the Good, Count of Flanders
● Russian Orthodox Christian Menaion Calendar for February 19 (Civil Date: March 2)
● Apostles Archippus and Philemon of the Seventy, and Martyr Apphia.
● St. Dositheus of Palestine, disciple of St. Abba Dorotheus.
● St. Rabulas of Samosata.
● Saints Eugene and Macarius, presbyters, confessors at Antioch.
● Martyrs Maximus, Theodotus, Hesychius, and Asclepiodota of Adrianopolis.
● St. Conon, abbot in Palestine.
● St. Philothea, nun of Athens.
● New Hieromartyr Nicetas of Epirus.
● Repose of Hieromonk Theodore of Sanaxar Monastery (1791).
● Anglican:
● St. Chad, Bishop of Lichfield
● Lutheran:
● Charles Wesley
● John Wesley
● Bahá'í Faith:
● Feast of 'Alá (Loftiness) - First day of the 19th month of the Bahá'í calendar.
● Beginning of the Fast (sunrise to sunset fast for 19 days).
● Burma - Peasant's Day
● Ethiopia - Battle of Aduwa Day (1896)
● Morocco - Independence Day (1956)
● Texas - Independence Day (1836)
THIS IS AN ABBREVIATED POST FOR THIS DATE USING ONLY THE FOLLOWING EIGHT SOURCES. A COMPLETE POST IS PLANNED AS SOON AS TIME ALLOWS.
This Previous Day in History Post With
This Original Wikipedia List form the core of this post.
Additional facts taken from:
Information on Geov Parrish's this Day in Radical History, things that happened on this day that you never had to memorize in school.
Roman Catholic Saint of the Day
Russian Orthodox Christian Menaion Calendar
Liberal Quotes of the Day taken from The Best Liberal Quotes Ever: Why the Left Is Right Compiled by William P. Martin ©2004
Quotes from the Right of the Day taken from Take Them at Their Words: Startling, Amusing and Baffling Quotations from the GOP and Their Friends, 1994-2004 Compiled by Bruce J. Miller with Diana Maio ©2004
Dumbest Thing Said for the Day taken from 1001 Dumbest Things Ever Said Edited by Steven D. Price ©2004
Permanent Backlink to Post
Saturday, March 01, 2008
March 1......
March 1 is the 60th day of the year (61st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. There are 305 days remaining in the year on this date.
Day of the week in surrounding years:
1982,. . . .,1993,1999,2004—MON—2010
1983,1988,1994,. . . .,2005—TUE—2011
. . . .,1989,1995,2000,2006—WED—. . . .
1984,1990,. . . .,2001,2007—THU—2012
1985,1991,1996,2002,. . . .—FRI—2013
1986,. . . .,1997,2003,2008—SAT—2014
1987,1992,1998,. . . .,2009—SUN—2015
PASCAL DATE INFORMATION
Easter Sunday for the Western Christian Church is defined as the first Sunday following the first full moon after the Spring Equinox. Lent is defined as the forty days prior to Easter not including Sundays thus Lent begins on Ash Wednesday, which is 46 days prior to Easter. Calculations for Ash Wednesday and Easter Sunday were performed for the 3774 years from 326 to 4099. For the year range 326 to 1582, dates are based on the Julian calendar. For years 1583 to 4099, dates are based on the Gregorian calendar. Ash Wednesday falls in a range of 36 days from February 4 to March 10. Easter Sunday falls in a range of 35 days from March 22 to April 25. The extra day in the Ash Wednesday range is February 29, which only occurs in leap years. February 29 only effects when Ash Wednesday occurs since it is well before the Spring Equinox and has no effect on the date for Easter Sunday. March 10 to March 21 is a twelve-day range that must occur in Lent no matter the timing of Easter Sunday. The entire range of 82 dates from February 4 to April 25 represents all dates with Pascal ramifications.
March 1 is the 27th possible date for Ash Wednesday. Ash Wednesday occurs on this date 143 times during the 3774 years calculated and is ranked 1st of the 36 dates.
It occurred on this date previously in the years:
355, 366, 377, 439, 450, 461, 472, 523, 534, 545, 556, 618, 629, 640, 713, 719, 724, 803, 808, 814, 887, 898, 909, 971, 982, 993, 1004, 1055, 1066, 1077, 1088, 1150, 1161, 1172, 1245, 1251, 1256, 1335, 1340, 1346, 1419, 1430, 1441, 1503, 1514, 1525, 1536, 1623, 1634, 1645, 1656, 1702, 1713, 1724, 1775, 1786, 1797, 1843, 1854, 1865, 1876, 1911, 1922, 1933, 1995, 2006
It will occur on this date in the future in the years:
2017, 2028, 2090, 2147, 2158, 2169, 2180, 2215, 2226, 2237, 2248, 2299, 2305, 2316, 2367, 2378, 2389, 2400, 2451, 2462, 2473, 2484, 2519, 2530, 2541, 2552, 2609, 2620, 2682, 2693, 2739, 2750, 2761, 2772, 2834, 2845, 2856, 2902, 2913, 2924, 2986, 2997, 3043, 3054, 3065, 3076, 3111, 3122, 3133, 3144, 3206, 3217, 3228, 3358, 3369, 3380, 3426, 3437, 3448, 3505, 3516, 3578, 3589, 3600, 3673, 3684, 3730, 3741, 3752, 3809, 3820, 3893, 3950, 3961, 3972, 4045, 4056
Best Liberal Quote of the Day: On Fear "We fear that we are inadequate, but our deepest fear is that we are powerful beyond measure. It is our light, not our darkness, that most frightens us." — Marianne Williamson
Stupidest and/or Scariest Quote from the Right for the Day: On Coup D'etat 2000 "Cheaters! Let us in!" — A mob of GOP-organized demonstrators—many of them lawyers and staff assistants to Republican legislators and campaign people—screaming in the hall outside the Miami-Dade vote counting center while hand recounts were taking place inside. Ron Fournier, Charleston (WV) Gazette, 11-23-00. On national television, these demonstrators were seen forcing their way into the office building and banging on the locked doors of the counting center. Theodore Olson, former assistant to Ken Starr and now Solicitor General, later admitted that the demonstrations were organized by the GOP to pressure the local canvassing boards. Jonathan Alter, "Far from the Madding crowd," Newsweek, 12-4-00.
Dumbest Thing Said for the Day: From the world of Sports "The way he's swinging the bat, he won't get a hit until the twentieth century." — Jerry Coleman was an infielder for the Yankees (what is it about the Bronx Bombers that turned out such a raft of funny speakers?), and manager of the San Diego Padres. After playing, he made his mark as a radio and TV broadcaster, where his malapropisms, non sequiturs, and other goofs became legendary. Coleman is Hall of Shame member #8.
{Disclaimer: I have attempted to give credit to the many different sources that I get entries. Any failure to do so is unintentional. Any statement enclosed by brackets like these are the opinion of the blogger, A Proud Liberal.}
MOON PHASE
Berkeley, California—Times are Pacific Standard Time (PST)
Mar 1, 2008 2:00 AM Name: Waning Crescent Percent of Full: 38% Age: 79% Rise: 2:51 AM Set: 11:54 AM
Surprise, Arizona—Times are Mountain Standard Time (MST)
Mar 1, 2008 2:00 AM Name: Waning Crescent Percent of Full: 38% Age: 79% Rise: 2:55 AM Set: 12:28 PM
Iowa City, Iowa—Times are Central Standard Time (CST)
Mar 1, 2008 2:00 AM Name: Waning Crescent Percent of Full: 38% Age: 79% Rise: 3:00 AM Set: 11:31 AM
Cambridge, Massachusetts—Times are Eastern Standard Time (EST)
Mar 1, 2008 2:00 AM Name: Waning Crescent Percent of Full: 39% Age: 79% Rise: 2:38 AM Set: 11:02 AM
NASA ASTRONOMY PICTURE OF THE DAY
Mauna Kea Shadow Play
Credit & Copyright: Alex Mukensnable
Click picture to go to NASA APOD site for full explanation
EVENTS
● 86 B.C.E. - Lucius Cornelius Sulla, at the head of a Roman Republic army, enters in Athens, removing the tyrant Aristion who was supported by troops of Mithridates VI of Pontus.
● 1 B.C.E. - Start of revised Julian calendar in Rome
● 286 - Roman Emperor Diocletian raises Maximian to the rank of Caesar.
● 293 - Roman Emperors Diocletian and Maximian appoint Constantius Chlorus and Galerius as Caesares, thus beginning the Tetrarchy.
● 317 - Crispus and Constantine II, sons of Roman Emperor Constantine I, and Licinius iunior, son of Emperor Licinius, are made Caesares
● 492 - St. Felix III ends his reign as Catholic Pope
● 492 - St. Gelasius I begins his reign as Catholic Pope
● 589 - Saint David, patron saint of Wales, dies.
● 705 - John VII begins his reign as Catholic Pope
● 743 - Slave export by Christians to heathen areas prohibited
● 918 - Balderik becomes bishop of Utrecht
● 1260 - Hulagu Khan, grandson of Genghis, conquerors Damascus
● 1382 - French Maillotin uprises against taxes
● 1420 - Pope Martinus I calls for crusade against the hussieten
● 1457 - The Unitas Fratrum is established in the village of Kunvald, on the Bohemian-Moravian borderland. It is to date the second oldest Protestant denomination.
● 1498 - Vasco de Gama landed at what is now Mozambique on his way to India.
● 1562 - Over 1,000 Huguenots are massacred by Catholics in Wassy, France marking the start of the French Wars of Religion.
● 1565 - The city of Rio de Janeiro is founded by Spanish occupier Estacio de Sá.
● 1587 - English parliament leader Peter Wentworth confined in London Tower
● 1591 - Pope Gregory XIV threatens to excommunicate French King Henri IV
● 1593 - The Uppsala Synod is summoned to confirm the exact forms of the Lutheran Church of Sweden.
● 1628 - Writs are issued in February by Charles I of England that every county in England (not just seaport towns) pay ship tax by this date.
● 1633 - On his deathbed, English poet and clergyman George Herbert, 39, uttered these last words: 'I shall be free from sin and all the temptations and anxieties that attend it...I shall dwell... where these eyes shall see my Master and Savior.'
● 1633 - Samuel de Champlain reclaims his role as commander of New France on behalf of Cardinal Richelieu.
● 1634 - Battle at Smolensk; Polish King Wladyslaw IV beats Russians
● 1642 - Georgeana, Massachusetts (now known as York, Maine) becomes the first incorporated city in the USA.
● 1692 - The Salem Witch Trials in the Massachusetts colony officially began with the conviction of Rev. Samuel Parris' West Indian slave, Tituba, for witchcraft.
● 1700 - Sweden introduces its own Swedish calendar, in an attempt to gradually merge into the Gregorian calendar, reverts to the Julian calendar on this date in 1712, and introduces the Gregorian Calendar on this date in 1753.
● 1780 - Pennsylvania becomes 1st US state to abolish slavery (for newborns only) {Mothers and fathers remaining slaves leave little hope for true freedom for the newborn children.}
● 1781 - The Continental Congress adopts the Articles of Confederation.
● 1785 - Philadelphia Society for the Promotion of Agriculture organized
● 1790 - First U.S. Census count includes slave and free Negroes. Indians were not included. {Of course, slaves only count as three-fifths of a person as per the Constitution.}
● 1792 - US Presidential Succession Act passed
● 1796 - 1st National Meeting in the Hague
● 1803 - Ohio is admitted as the 17th U.S. state.
● 1805 - Justice Samuel Chase is acquitted at the end of his impeachment trial by the U.S. Senate.
● 1809 - Embargo Act of 1807 repealed & Non-Intercourse Act signed
● 1810 - Georgetown College was chartered in Washington, D.C., making it the first Roman Catholic institution of higher learning established in the United States.
● 1810 - Sweden became the first country to appoint an Ombudsman, Lars August Mannerheim.
● 1811 - French Civil Code of Criminal law accepted by Netherlands Mamelukes in Cairo's Citadel
● 1811 - Leaders of the Mameluke dynasty are killed by Egyptian ruler Muhammad Ali.
● 1815 - Napoleon returned to France from the island of Elba. He had been forced to abdicate in April of 1814.
● 1815 - Sunday observance in Netherlands regulated by law
● 1836 - A Convention of delegates from 57 Texas communities convenes in Washington-on-the-Brazos, Texas, to deliberate independence from Mexico.
● 1840 - Adolphe Thiers becomes prime minister of France.
● 1845 - President John Tyler signs a bill authorizing the United States to annex the Republic of Texas.
● 1847 - Michigan becomes 1st English-speaking jurisdiction to abolish the death penalty (except for treason against the state)
● 1852 - Archibald William Montgomerie, 13th Earl of Eglinton appointed Lord Lieutenant of Ireland.
● 1854 - German psychologist Friedrich Eduard Beneke disappears; two years later his remains are found in a canal near Charlottenburg.
● 1854 - SS City of Glasgow leaves Liverpool harbor & is never seen again
● 1859 - Present seal of San Francisco adopted (its 2nd)
● 1862 - Prussia formally recognized the Kingdom of Italy.
● 1864 - Bebecca Lee of Boston, MA, becomes first African-American woman to gain a medical degree.
● 1864 - Louis Ducos de Hauron patented a machine for taking and projecting motion pictures. The machine was never built.
● 1866 - Paraguayan canoes sink 2 Brazilian ironclads on Rio Parana
● 1867 - Howard University, Washington DC, chartered
● 1867 - Most of Nebraska becomes 37th US state (expanded later); Lancaster, Nebraska is renamed Lincoln and becomes the state capital.
● 1869 - Postage stamps showing scenes are issued for 1st time
● 1870 - Anarchists Costa and Bakunin issue first revolutionary bulletin in Italy.
● 1871 - J Milton Turner named minister to Liberia
● 1872 - Congress gives African Americans the right to serve on juries and occupy public places. In the wake of the Civil War, black men have been able to vote and hold elected office. But because African Americans remain dependent on whites for work, these rights often are denied by force. Southern whites are beginning to use their economic power and form terrorist groups such as the Ku Klux Klan, and many northern politicians say stabilizing the South requires a return to white supremacy. It is only a matter of time before they reduce blacks again to near slavery.
● 1872 - Yellowstone becomes world's first national park.
● 1873 - E. Remington and Sons in Ilion, New York start production of the first practical typewriter.
● 1873 - Henry Comstock discovers the Comstock Lode in Virginia City, Nevada.
● 1875 - Civil Rights Bill enacted by U.S. Congress gives blacks the rights to equal treatment in public places and transport. Declared unconstitutional by the Supreme Court in 1883 saying Congress overstepped its authority. {Current libertarians and "strict constitutionalists" make same argument about current civil rights laws; so far there are not enough NeoCons on the Supreme Court to make Jim Crow legal again.}
● 1876 - Guernsey Cattle Club forms (Farmington CT)
● 1877 - Birth of Milly Witkop Rocker (1877-1955), Ukraine. Exiled to London, she was an activist in the Jewish anarchist movement among the Lower Eastside sweatshop workers. In 1916 she was sentenced to two years in prison for antiwar activities, and in 1918 went to Germany, where Milly organized women workers. In 1933, with the Nazi burning of the Reichstag they were forced to the U.S., where they continued to fight and organize, and were prominent supporters of the revolution in Spain.
● 1879 - Library of Hawaii founded
● 1886 - Anglo-Chinese School, Singapore is founded by Bishop William Oldham.
● 1893 - Diplomatic Appropriation Act, authorizes the US rank of ambassador
● 1896 - Battle of Adowa: an Ethiopian army defeats an outnumbered Italian force, ending the First Italo–Ethiopian War.
● 1896 - Henri Becquerel discovers radioactivity.
● 1896 - Italy - On the island of Tremiti, confrontations take place with the police, who kill the anarchist Argante Salucci and wound 10 companions.
● 1900 - In South Africa, Ladysmith was relieved by British troops after being under siege by the Boers for more than four months.
● 1907 - In New York, the Salvation Army opened an anti-suicide bureau.
● 1907 - In Odessa, Russia, there were only about 15,000 Jews left due to evacuations.
● 1907 - In Spain, a royal decree abolished civil marriages.
● 1907 - Industrial Workers of the World (IWW) strike Portland, Oregon sawmills.
● 1909 - 1st US university school of nursing established, University of Minnesota
● 1910 - The first issue of "The Evening Light and Church of God Evangel" was published in Cleveland, Tennessee. A. J. Tomlinson, the publishing editor, was an instrumental figure in the history of the Church of God (also headquartered today in Cleveland, Tennessee).
● 1910 - Three passenger trains buried at Stevens Pass in Cascade Range, Washington; 118 die. Worst snowslide in U.S. history.
● 1911 - Jose Ordonez was elected President of Uraguay.
● 1912 - Albert Berry makes the first parachute jump from a moving airplane.
● 1912 - Coal strike that began days before in Derbyshire, England becomes a general, nationwide strike.
● 1912 - Isabella Goodwin, 1st US woman detective, appointed, New York NY
● 1913 - 1st state law requiring bonding of officers & state employees, North Dakota
● 1913 - Federal income tax takes effect (16th amendment)
● 1914 - Birth of Ralph Ellison, Oklahoma City, Okla. Best known and only published novel "Invisible Man" (1952) tells a story of a black man who retires in a basement to solve his relationship with American society. {Book remains on enlightened high school reading lists.}
● 1914 - The Republic of China joins the Universal Postal Union.
● 1916 - Germany begins attacking ships in the Atlantic
● 1917 - 1st federal land bank chartered
● 1917 - Birth of Robert Lowell, American poet, WWII conscientious objector, Boston, Massachusetts.
● 1917 - U.S. government releases the plaintext of the Zimmermann Telegram {Germans had offered old Mexican territories in the US if Mexico were to enter WWI on the German side.} to the public.
● 1918 - German submarine U-19 sinks HMS Calgarian off Rathlin Island.
● 1919 - March 1st Movement begins in Korea.
● 1920 - Austria becomes a kingdom again, under Admiral Horthy
● 1921 - Russia - From March 1-17, the old Bolshevik stronghold of Kronstadt rises demanding free election to the Soviets -- but is slandered and brutally suppressed upon the orders of Lenin and Trotsky. Today the Kronstadt naval base on Kotlin Island, some 25 miles off-shore from Petrograd, adopts a 15- point program of political and economic demands -- a program in open defiance of the Bolshevik Party's control of the Soviet state. Less than three weeks later, on March 17, Kronstadt was subdued in a bloody assault by select Red Army units.
● 1921 - Rwanda ceded to England
● 1922 - Yitzhak Rabin, the Israeli prime minister who worked for peace with Palestinian and Arab neighbors, was born.
● 1923 - Allies occupy Ruhrgebied; killing railroad striker
● 1924 - Germany's prohibition of Communist Party KPD lifted
● 1927 - Bank of Italy becomes a National Bank
● 1932 - Librado Rivera dies from complications following a car accident. Mexican anarchist, a school principal, then a professor, companion in the fight waged by the Magon brothers, Enrique and Flores. His libertarian ideals landed him in jail numerous times; in May 1905 Rivera went into exile in the U.S. Several times jailed and threatened with expulsion. Finally sentenced to 15 years of forced labor. Rivera was released in 1923 and extradited to Mexico.
● 1932 - The son of Charles Lindbergh, Charles Augustus Lindbergh III, is kidnapped.
● 1933 - Bank holidays declared in 6 states, to prevent run on banks
● 1934 - Henry Pu Yi crowned emperor Kang Teh of Manchuria
● 1936 - A strike occurs aboard the S.S. California, leading to the demise of the International Seamen's Union and the creation of the National Maritime Union.
● 1936 - Hoover Dam is completed.
● 1937 - 1st permanent automobile license plates issued (Connecticut)
● 1937 - US Steel raises workers' wages to $5 a day
● 1941 - Himmler inspects Auschwitz concentration camp
● 1941 - W47NV (now known as WSM-FM) begins operations in Nashville, Tennessee becoming the first FM radio station in the U.S..
● 1941 - World War II: Bulgaria signs the Tripartite Pact, allying itself with the Axis powers.
● 1942 - 3 day Battle of Java Sea ends, US suffers a major naval defeat
● 1942 - Japanese troops occupy Kalidjati airport in Java
● 1942 - Suriname camp for NSB people opens to save Jews
● 1942 - Tito establishes 2nd Proletarit Brigade in Bosnia
● 1943 - Huge rally calls on U.S. government to reconsider its refusal to offer sanctuary to Jewish refugees of Nazi Germany. Madison Square, New York City.
● 1943 - Jewish old age home for disabled in Amsterdam raided
● 1943 - World War II: Battle of Bismarck Sea begins.
● 1944 - Massive strikes in Northern Italian towns
● 1944 - U-358 sinks in Atlantic
● 1945 - British 43rd Division under General Essame occupies Xanten
● 1945 - Chinese 30th division occupies Hsenwi
● 1945 - FDR announces success of Yalta Conference
● 1945 - Fieldmarshal Kesselring succeeds von Rundstedt as commander
● 1945 - US infantry regiment captures Mönchengladbach
● 1946 - Panamá accepts its new constitution
● 1946 - The Bank of England is nationalised.
● 1947 - Chinese Premier T. V. Soong resigned.
● 1947 - The International Monetary Fund begins financial operations.
● 1949 - Indonesia seizes Yogyakarta from the Dutch.
● 1950 - Chiang Kai-shek resumed the Presidency of National China on Formosa
● 1950 - Cold War: Communist spy jailed for 14 years; Nuclear scientist Klaus Fuchs is sentenced to 14 years imprisonment for espionage.
● 1950 - USSR issues golden rubles
● 1951 - Spain - Public transport boycott, prelude to the first strike wave under Franco.
● 1952 - Egyptian government-Ali Maher Pasja resigns
● 1952 - Helgoland, in North Sea, returned to West Germany by Britain
● 1953 - Joseph Stalin collapses, having suffered a stroke. He dies four days later.
● 1954 - Five Congressmen shot on the floor of the House by four Puerto Rican Nationalists who fired at random from the spectator's gallery.
● 1954 - Nuclear testing: The Castle Bravo, a 15-megaton hydrogen bomb, is detonated on Bikini Atoll in the Pacific Ocean, resulting in the worst radioactive contamination ever caused by the United States with over 7,000 square miles contaminated as well as many local residents and Japanese fishermen.
● 1954 - Rebellion during visit of President Naguib in Khartoum Sudan, 30 die
● 1955 - Israeli assault on Gaza, kills 48
● 1956 - The International Air Transport Association finalizes a draft of the Radiotelephony spelling alphabet for the International Civil Aviation Organization.
● 1958 - Samuel Alphonsus Stritch, is appointed Pro-Prefect of the Propagation of Faith and thus becomes the first American member of the Roman Curia.
● 1959 - Archbishop Makarios returns to Cyprus after 3 years
● 1961 - President of the United States John F. Kennedy establishes the Peace Corps.
● 1961 - Uganda becomes self-governing and holds its first elections.
● 1962 - American Airlines 707 plunges nose 1st into Jamaica Bay NY killing 95
● 1962 - Pakistan announced that it had a new constitution that set up a presidential system of government.
● 1962 - US/British nuclear test experiment in Nevada
● 1963 - 200,000 French mine workers strike
● 1965 - Gas explosion kills 28 in apartment complex (La Salle Québec Canada)
● 1966 - Britain to go decimal in 1971; Chancellor of the Exchequer James Callaghan confirms the "historic and momentous" decision to change over to decimal coinage.
● 1966 - Ghana ordered all Soviet, East German and Chinese technicians to leave the country.
● 1966 - Swiss Reformed theologian Karl Barth wrote in a letter: If Jesus is and does what we read in 1 John 2:2, then He prays for all men: for those who already pray and for those who do not yet pray.'
● 1966 - The Ba'ath Party takes power in Syria.
● 1966 - Venera 3 Soviet space probe crashes on Venus becoming the first spacecraft to land on another planet's surface.
● 1967 - Dominica & St Lucia gain independence from Britain
● 1967 - House of Representatives expels Representative Adam Clayton Powell Jr. D-NY (307 to 116) after he is cited for contempt of court for refusing to pay damages in a lawsuit. He is re-elected without campaigning the following month.
● 1968 - Chicana Welfare Rights Organization is formed, with Alicia Escalante as director.
● 1968 - Political Party Radikalen (PPR) established in Netherlands
● 1968 - Vatican City's Apostolic Constitution of 1967 goes into effect
● 1970 - End of US commercial {admitted and sanctioned} whale hunting
● 1970 - Kreisky's social-democrats win Austrian parliamentary election
● 1970 - White government of Rhodesia declares independence from Britain
● 1971 - A bomb planted by the Weather Underground explodes in a U.S. Capitol restroom, "in retaliation for the Laos decision."
● 1971 - At Miami's Dinner Key Auditorium, Jim Morrison of the Doors is arrested for allegedly exposing his penis during the show. Morrison is officially charged with lewd and lascivious behavior, indecent behavior, open profanity and public drunkenness.
● 1971 - Pakistani President Yahya Khan indefinitely postpones the pending national assembly session, precipitating massive civil disobedience in East Pakistan.
● 1971 - Workers down tools over union rights; Hundreds of thousands of workers across Britain take part in an unofficial day of protest against the government's new industrial relations Bill.
● 1972 - The Thai province of Yasothon is created after being split off from the Ubon Ratchathani province.
● 1973 - Black September terrorists storm the Saudi embassy in Khartoum, Sudan resulting in the 1973 Khartoum diplomatic assassinations.
● 1974 - Watergate scandal: Seven are indicted for their role in the Watergate break-in and charged with conspiracy to obstruct justice. Among the seven were former Nixon White House aides H.R. Haldeman and John D. Ehrlichman and former Attorney General John Mitchell.
● 1975 - Colour television transmissions begin in Australia.
● 1976 - Bradford Bishop bludgeoned his mother, spouse and three children to death and is still at large.
● 1977 - Death of Haghard Jonassen, co-founder of AMK.
● 1977 - US extends territorial waters to 200 miles
● 1978 - Charlie Chaplin's coffin is stolen from a Swiss cemetery. {Charlie didn't see the need to comment.}
● 1980 - CTUC, Commonwealth Trade Union Council, established
● 1980 - Snow falls in Florida
● 1980 - Voyager 1 probe confirms that Janus (moon of Saturn) exists.
● 1981 - Bobby Sands, IRA member, begins 65-day hunger strike in Maze Prison (he dies)
● 1982 - 5 die as ski lift malfunctions a Lúz-Ardiden in Pyrenees
● 1982 - Russian spacecraft Venera 14 lands on Venus, sends back data
● 1983 - Tornado tears through Louisiana, injuring 33 people
● 1984 - NASA launches Landsat-D Prime (Landsat 5) to thematic map the Earth
● 1984 - USSR performs nuclear test at Eastern Kazakhstan/Semipalitinsk USSR
● 1985 - Pentagon accepts theory that atomic war would cause a nuclear winter {Some later think this could cure global warming.}
● 1986 - Start of Great Peace March for global nuclear disarmament, Los Angeles.
● 1988 - Iraq says it launched 16 missiles into Tehran
● 1988 - Soviet troops were sent into Azerbaijan after ethnic riots between Armenians and Azerbaijanis.
● 1989 - Comet du Toit at perihelion
● 1989 - In Washington, DC, Mayor Barry and the City council imposed a curfew on minors.
● 1989 - The United States becomes a member of the Berne Convention copyright treaty.
● 1990 - Benin nullifies its constitution
● 1990 - In Cairo, 16 people were killed in a fire at the Sheraton Hotel.
● 1990 - Luis Alberto Lacelle sworn in as President of Uruguay
● 1990 - Secrets act gags whistleblowers; Whistleblowers and journalists will, from today, risk criminal prosecution if they reveal information viewed as damaging to the defence of the UK.
● 1990 - Steve Jackson Games is raided by the United States Secret Service, prompting the later formation of the Electronic Frontier Foundation.
● 1990 - The Seabrook, NH, nuclear power plant won federal permission to go on line after two decades of protests and legal struggles.
● 1991 - US Embassy in Kuwait officially reopens
● 1991 - Women for Peace protest against militarism, Belgrade and Ljubljana, Yugoslavia.
● 1992 - Bosnia and Herzegovina declares its independence from Yugoslavia.
● 1992 - Bosnian Serb snipers fired upon civilians after a majority of the Moslem and Croatian communities voted in favor of Bosnia's independence.
● 1992 - King Fahd of Saudi Arabia announced major political reforms that ceded some powers after 10 years of disciplined rule.
● 1992 - Sen. Brock Adams, D-Wash., abandoned his re-election campaign after eight women accused him in a Seattle Times report of sexual abuse and harassment.
● 1993 - Authorities in Waco TX negotiate with Branch Davidians
● 1993 - The U.S. government announced that the number of food stamp recipients had reached a record number of 26.6 million.
● 1994 - Israel released about 500 Arab prisoners in an effort to placate Palestinians over the Hebron massacre.
● 1994 - Martti Ahtisaari inaugurated as President of Finland
● 1994 - Senate rejects a balanced budget amendment to the Constitution
● 1994 - West charged as death toll mounts; Fred West is charged with two further murders following the discovery of more human remains in the garden of his Gloucester home.
● 1995 - Belgium ends military conscription
● 1995 - Julio María Sanguinetti sworn in as President of Uruguay
● 1995 - Polish Prime Minister Waldemar Pawlak resigns from parliament and is replaced by ex-communist Józef Oleksy.
● 1995 - The European Parliament rejected legislation that would have allowed biotechnology companies to patent new life forms.
● 1995 - Ukraine premier Vitaly Massol, resigns
● 1997 - Fifteen thousand demonstrate in Lunesburg, Germany, against shipment of French nuclear waste to site in Gorleben. Over the next several days hundreds of thousands would participate in demonstrations and direct actions along the shipping route.
● 1999 - In Uganda, eight tourists were brutally murdered by Hutu rebels. {I've always wondered when murder isn't brutal.}
● 1999 - The Angolan Embassy in Lusaka, Zambia, exploded. Four other bombs went off in the capital.
● 2000 - Hans Blix assumes the position of Executive Chairman of UNMOVIC.
● 2000 - The Constitution of Finland is rewritten.
● 2002 - Operation Anaconda began in eastern Afghanistan. Allied forces were fighting against Taliban and Al Quaida fighters.
● 2002 - Space Shuttle Columbia lifts off for mission STS-109, its final successful mission.
● 2002 - The Envisat environmental satellite successfully reaches an orbit 800 kilometers (500 miles) above the Earth on its 11th launch, carrying the heaviest payload to date at 8500 kilograms (9.5 tons).
● 2002 - The Peseta is discontinued as official currency of Spain and is replaced with the euro (€).
● 2003 - In New York, a $250,000 Salvador Dali sketch was stolen from a display case in the lobby at Rikers Island jail. On June 17, 2003, it was announced that four corrections officers had surrendered and plead innocent in connection to the theft. The mixed-media composition was a sketch of the crucifixion. {What the hell is a valuable piece of art doing at a jail to begin with?}
● 2003 - In the U.S., approximately 180,000 personnel from 22 different organizations around the government became part of the Department of Homeland Security. This completed the largest government reorganization since the beginning of the Cold War.
● 2003 - Suspected Sept. 11 mastermind Khalid Shaikh Mohammed was captured by CIA and Pakistani agents near Islamabad.
● 2004 - Mohammed Bahr al-Uloum becomes President of Iraq.
● 2004 - Punycode adopted by the national registrars of Germany, Austria and Switzerland.
● 2004 - Terry Nichols is convicted of state murder charges and being an accomplice to Oklahoma City bomber Timothy McVeigh.
● 2005 - A closely divided Supreme Court outlawed the death penalty for juvenile criminals.
● 2005 - Dennis Rader, the churchgoing family man accused of leading a double life as the BTK serial killer, was charged in Wichita, Kan., with 10 counts of first-degree murder. (Rader later pleaded guilty and received multiple life sentences.).
● 2006 - English-language Wikipedia reaches its one millionth article, Jordanhill railway station.
● 2006 - Queen Elizabeth II officially opens the new debating chamber for the National Assembly for Wales in Cardiff, a milestone in devolution.
● 2006 - Tarja Halonen is inaugurated as president of Finland for the second and last time.
● 2006 - The first confirmed case of H5N1 bird flu virus in Switzerland, a dead swan on Lake Geneva, near the city of Geneva.
● 2007 - "Squatters" are evicted from Ungdomshuset in Copenhagen, Denmark, provoking the March 2007 Denmark Riots.
● 2007 - Tornadoes swarm across the southern United States, killing at least 20; eight of the deaths were at a high school in Enterprise, Alabama.
BIRTHS
● 40 - Martial, Latin poet (d. 102)
● 1389 - Antoninus, Italian Archbishop of Florence (d. 1459)
● 1432 - Isabel of Coimbra, queen of Portugal (d. 1455)
● 1445 - Sandro Botticelli, Italian painter (d. 1510)
● 1456 - King Ladislaus II of Bohemia and Hungary (d. 1516)
● 1474 - Angela Merici, Italian nun (d. 1540)
● 1547 - Rudolph Goclenius, German philosopher (d. 1628)
● 1597 - Jean-Charles de la Faille, Belgian mathematician (d. 1652)
● 1610 - John Pell, English mathematician (d. 1685)
● 1644 - Simon Foucher, French ecclesiastic philosopher (d. 1696)
● 1657 - Samuel Werenfels, Swiss theologian (d. 1740)
● 1683 - Caroline of Ansbach, wife of George II of Great Britain (d. 1737)
● 1732 - William Maxwell Cushing, 2nd (confirmed) Chief Justice of the United States. (d. 1810)
● 1760 - François Nicolas Leonard Buzot, French revolutionary (d. 1794)
● 1769 - François Séverin Marceau-Desgraviers, French general (d. 1796)
● 1807 - Wilford Woodruff, fourth president of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (d. 1898)
● 1810 - Frédéric Chopin, Polish-French composer and pianist (d. 1849)
● 1812 - Augustus Pugin, English-born architect (d. 1852)
● 1817 - Giovanni Duprè, Italian sculptor (d. 1882)
● 1821 - Joseph Hubert Reinkens, German Catholic bishop (d. 1896)
● 1837 - William Dean Howells, American writer, historian, and politician (d. 1920)
● 1842 - Nicholaos Gysis, Greek painter (d. 1901)
● 1848 - Augustus Saint-Gaudens, Irish-born American sculptor (d. 1907)
● 1852 - Théophile Delcassé, French statesman (d. 1923)
● 1858 - Georg Simmel, German sociologist and philosopher (d. 1918)
● 1863 - Alexander Golovin, Russian painter (d. 1930)
● 1865 - Abe Iso, Japanese politician (d. 1949)
● 1871 - Ben Harney, American composer and ragtime pianist (d. 1938)
● 1876 - Henri de Baillet-Latour, Belgian IOC president (d. 1942)
● 1880 - Giles Lytton Strachey British writer (d. 1932)
● 1886 - Oskar Kokoschka, Austrian painter and poet (d. 1980)
● 1888 - Ewart Astill, English cricketer (d. 1948)
● 1889 - Watsuji Tetsuro, Japanese philosopher (d. 1960)
● 1892 - Ryūnosuke Akutagawa, Japanese writer (d. 1927)
● 1893 - Mercedes de Acosta, American socialite (d. 1968)
● 1896 - Dimitris Mitropoulos, Greek conductor and composer (d. 1960)
● 1896 - Moriz Seeler, German writer and producer (d. 1942)
● 1899 - Erich von dem Bach, Nazi official (d. 1972)
● 1901 - Pietro Spiggia, Italian poet
● 1904 - Glenn Miller, American bandleader (d. 1944)
● 1904 - Paul Hartman, American actor (d. 1973)
● 1905 - Doris Hare, Welsh actress (d. 2000)
● 1910 - Archer John Porter Martin, English chemist, Nobel laureate (d. 2002)
● 1910 - David Niven, English actor (d. 1983)
● 1912 - Gerald Emmett Cardinal Carter, archbishop of Toronto (d. 2003)
● 1914 - Harry Caray, American sportscaster (d. 1998)
● 1914 - Ralph Ellison, American writer (d. 1994)
● 1917 - Robert Lowell, American poet (d. 1977)
● 1918 - Gladys Noon Spellman, American politician (d. 1988)
● 1918 - João Goulart, President of Brazil (d. 1976)
● 1918 - Roger Delgado, English actor (d. 1973)
● 1920 - Howard Nemerov, American poet (d. 1991)
● 1920 - Max Bentley, Canadian ice hockey player (d. 1984)
● 1921 - Richard Wilbur, American poet
● 1921 - Terence Cardinal Cooke, American Catholic archbishop (d. 1983)
● 1922 - William Gaines, American publisher ("Mad Magazine") (d. 1992)
● 1922 - Yitzhak Rabin, Prime Minister of Israel, recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize (d. 1995)
● 1923 - Kuczka Péter, Hungarian writer and editor (d. 1999)
● 1924 - Deke Slayton, American astronaut (d. 1993)
● 1926 - Alvin "Pete" Rozelle, commissioner of American football (d. 1996)
● 1926 - Cesare Danova, Italian-born American actor (d. 1992)
● 1926 - Robert Clary, French actor (''Hogan's Heroes'')
● 1927 - Harry Belafonte, American musician and activist
● 1927 - Robert H. Bork, Former U.S. solicitor general and rejected Supreme Court nominee {and general NeoCon idiot}
● 1928 - Dr. Seymour Papert, South African mathematician and artificial intelligence researcher
● 1928 - Jacques Rivette, French film director
● 1928 - Seymour Papert, South African mathematician
● 1929 - Georgi Markov, Bulgarian dissident (d. 1978)
● 1930 - Gastone Nencini, Italian cyclist (d. 1980)
● 1935 - Robert Conrad, American actor
● 1936 - Jean-Edern Hallier, French author (d. 1997)
● 1936 - Monique Bégin, French-Canadian politician
● 1937 - Jed Allan, American actor
● 1939 - Leo Brouwer, Cuban composer and guitarist
● 1940 - Robert Grossman, American illustrator
● 1942 - Richard Bowman Myers, Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff
● 1943 - Akinori Nakayama, Japanese gymnast
● 1943 - Gil Amelio, American venture capitalist
● 1943 - José Ángel Iribar, Spanish footballer
● 1943 - Rashid Sunyaev, Russian physicist
● 1943 - Richard H. Price, American physicist
● 1944 - John Breaux, U.S. Senator from Louisiana
● 1944 - Mike d'Abo, English singer (Manfred Mann)
● 1944 - Roger Daltrey, English musician (The Who)
● 1945 - Dirk Benedict, American actor
● 1946 - Elvin Bethea, American football player
● 1946 - Gerry Boulet, French-Canadian singer (d. 1990)
● 1946 - Lana Wood, American actress
● 1947 - Alan Thicke, Canadian actor and songwriter ("Growing Pains")
● 1948 - Burning Spear, Jamaican singer and musician
● 1952 - Leigh Matthews, Australian rules footballer
● 1952 - Martin O'Neill, Northern Irish footballer and manager
● 1952 - Steven Barnes, American writer
● 1953 - Richard Bruton, Irish politician and economist
● 1954 - Catherine Bach, American actress (''The Dukes of Hazzard'')
● 1954 - Ron Howard, American actor and director
● 1956 - Timothy Daly, American actor ("Wings")
● 1957 - Jon Carroll, Singer-musician
● 1958 - Bertrand Piccard, Swiss balloonist and psychiatrist
● 1958 - Chosei Komatsu, Japanese conductor
● 1960 - William Bennett, English musician (Whitehouse)
● 1962 - Bill Leen, Rock musician
● 1963 - Dan Michaels, American musician and record producer
● 1963 - Rob Affuso, American drummer
● 1963 - Ron Francis, Canadian ice hockey player
● 1963 - Russell Wong, Actor
● 1963 - Thomas Anders, German singer (Modern Talking)
● 1964 - Clinton Gregory, American musician
● 1964 - Paul Le Guen, French football manager
● 1965 - Booker Huffman, American professional wrestler
● 1965 - Mary Lou Lord, American singer/songwriter
● 1965 - Stewart Elliott, Canadian jockey
● 1966 - John David Cullum, Actor
● 1966 - Susan Auch, Canadian speed-skater
● 1967 - Aron Winter, Dutch footballer
● 1967 - George Eads, American actor ("CSI")
● 1967 - Yelena Afanasyeva, Russian athlete
● 1969 - Dafydd Ieuan, Welsh drummer (Super Furry Animals)
● 1969 - Doug Creek, American baseball player
● 1969 - Javier Bardem, Spanish actor
● 1969 - Litefoot, Native American rapper
● 1970 - Shaun Pollock, South African cricketer
● 1971 - Tyler Hamilton, American cyclist
● 1973 - Carlo Resoort, Dutch DJ
● 1973 - Chris Webber, American basketball player
● 1973 - Ryan Peake, Canadian guitarist (Nickelback)
● 1974 - Mark-Paul Gosselaar, American actor
● 1974 - Stephen Davis, American football player
● 1976 - Peter F. Bell, Australian rules footballer
● 1977 - Esther Cañadas, Spanish actress and supermodel
● 1977 - Rens Blom, Dutch athlete
● 1978 - Alicia Leigh Willis, American actress
● 1978 - Donovan Patton, Guamanian television star (''Blues Clues'')
● 1978 - Jensen Ackles, American actor
● 1980 - Abdur Rehman, Pakistani cricketer
● 1980 - Djimi Traoré, Malian footballer
● 1980 - Shahid Afridi, Pakistani cricketer
● 1981 - Adam LaVorgna, American actor
● 1981 - Ana Hickmann, Brazilian supermodel
● 1981 - Brad Winchester, American ice hockey player
● 1981 - Sean Woolstenhulme, Rock musician
● 1981 - Will Power, Australian racing driver
● 1983 - Blake Hawksworth, Canadian baseball player
● 1983 - Chris Hackett, English footballer
● 1983 - Daniel Carvalho, Brazilian footballer
● 1983 - Elan Sara DeFan, Mexican singer-songwriter
● 1984 - Alexander Steen, Canadian-born Swedish ice hockey player
● 1984 - Naima Mora, American model
● 1985 - Andreas Ottl, German footballer
● 1985 - J Leman, American Football Player
● 1986 - Jonathan Spector, American soccer player
● 1987 - Sammie, American singer
● 1988 - Katija Pevec, American actress
● 1989 - Carlos Vela, Mexican footballer
● 1989 - Sonya Kitchell, American singer
● 1990 - Harry Eden, English actor
● 1990 - Nikolas Tsattalios, Australian soccer player
DEATHS
● 589 - Saint David, Patron Saint of Wales (b. 500)
● 986 - King Lothair of France (b. 941)
● 1131 - King Stephen II of Hungary (b. 1101)
● 1233 - Count Thomas I of Savoy (b. 1178)
● 1244 - Gruffydd ap Llywelyn Fawr, son of Llywelyn the Great (b. 1200)
● 1383 - Amadeus VI of Savoy (b. 1334)
● 1510 - Francisco de Almeida, Portuguese soldier and explorer
● 1536 - Bernardo Accolti, Italian poet (b. 1465)
● 1546 - George Wishart, Scottish religious reformer (martyred) (b 1513)
● 1620 - Thomas Campion, English poet and composer (b. 1567)
● 1633 - George Herbert, English poet and orator (b. 1593)
● 1643 - Girolamo Frescobaldi, Italian composer (b. 1583)
● 1661 - Richard Zouch, English jurist (b. 1590)
● 1697 - Francesco Redi, Italian physician (b. 1626)
● 1706 - Heino Heinrich Graf von Flemming, German field marshal and Governor of Berlin (b. 1632)
● 1734 - Roger North, English biographer (b. 1653)
● 1757 - Edward Moore, English writer (b. 1712)
● 1768 - Hermann Samuel Reimarus, German philosopher and writer (b. 1694)
● 1773 - Luigi Vanvitelli, Italian architect (b. 1700)
● 1777 - Georg Christoph Wagenseil, Austrian composer (b. 1715)
● 1792 - Leopold II, Holy Roman Emperor (b. 1747)
● 1841 - Claude Victor-Perrin, duc de Belluno, French marshal (b. 1764)
● 1862 - Peter Barlow, English mathematician (b. 1776)
● 1875 - Tristan Corbière, French poet (b. 1845)
● 1879 - Joachim Heer, Swiss politician (b. 1825)
● 1884 - Isaac Todhunter, English mathematician (b. 1820)
● 1898 - George Bruce Malleson, English officer in India, author (b. 1825)
● 1906 - José María de Pereda, Spanish novelist (b. 1833)
● 1911 - Jacobus Henricus van 't Hoff, Dutch chemist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1852)
● 1912 - George Grossmith, English actor and comic writer (b. 1847)
● 1914 - Gilbert Elliot-Murray-Kynynmound, 4th Earl of Minto (b. 1845)
● 1920 - John H. Bankhead, U.S. Senator (b. 1842)
● 1920 - Joseph Trumpeldor, Russian Zionist (b. 1880)
● 1922 - Rafael Moreno Aranzadi, Spanish footballer (b. 1892)
● 1929 - Royal H. Weller, American politician (b. 1881)
● 1932 - Frank Teschemacher, American jazz clarinettist (b. 1906)
● 1933 - Uładzimir Zylka, Belarusian poet (b. 1900)
● 1936 - Mikhail Kuzmin, Russian writer (b. 1871)
● 1938 - Gabriele D'Annunzio, Italian writer, war hero, and politician (b. 1863)
● 1940 - Anton Hansen Tammsaare, Estonian author (b. 1878)
● 1943 - Alexandre Yersin, Swiss physician (b. 1863)
● 1952 - Mariano Azuela, Mexican novelist (b. 1873)
● 1963 - Irish Meusel, American baseball player (b. 1893)
● 1963 - Jorge Daponte, Argentine racing driver (b. 1923)
● 1966 - Fritz Houtermans, German physicist (b. 1903)
● 1970 - Lucille Hegamin, American singer and entertainer (b. 1894)
● 1974 - Bobby Timmons, American jazz pianist (b. 1935)
● 1979 - Mustafa Barzani, Kurdish politician (b. 1903)
● 1980 - Dixie Dean, English footballer (b. 1907)
● 1980 - Wilhelmina, high-fashion model and owner of model agency (b. 1940)
● 1984 - Jackie Coogan, American actor (b. 1914)
● 1988 - Joe Besser, American comedian and actor (b. 1907)
● 1991 - Edwin H. Land, American scientist and inventor (Polaroid Corporation) (b. 1909)
● 1995 - Georges J.F. Kohler, German biologist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (b. 1946)
● 1995 - Vladislav Listyev, Russian television journalist (b. 1956)
● 2000 - Dennis Danell, American guitarist (Social Distortion) (b. 1961)
● 2006 - Harry Browne, American politician and author (b. 1933)
● 2006 - Jack Wild, English actor (b. 1952)
● 2006 - Johnny Jackson, American musician (b. 1951)
● 2006 - Peter Osgood, English footballer (b. 1947)
● 2006 - Peter Snow, New Zealand doctor
● 2007 - Manuel Bento, Portuguese goalkeeper (b. 1948)
HOLIDAYS AND OBSERVANCES
● Roman Catholic:
● St. Abdalong of Marseilles - informal feast
● St. Abdecalas
● St. Adrianus
● St. Albin
● St. Aubin
● St. David (National Holiday of Wales)
● St. Eudocia
● St. Herculaflus
● Sts. Hermes and Adrian
● St. Leo Luke
● St. Leo of Rouen
● St. Lupercus
● St. Marnock
● St. Monan, largely legendary Scottish saint
● St. Rudesind
● St. Swidbert
● Russian Orthodox Christian Menaion Calendar for February 17 (Civil Date: March 1)
● Great-Martyr Theodore the Tyro.
● Opening of the Relics of Martyr Menas of Alexandria
● St. Mariamne, sister of Apostle Philip.
● St. Auxibius, Bishop of Soli in Cyprus.
● St. Theodosius the Bulgarian and his disciple St. Romanus, monks.
● St. Theodore the Silent of the Kiev Caves.
● St. Hermogenes, Patriarch of Moscow and All Russia.
● New-Martyr Theodore of Byzantium, at Mitylene.
● Greek Calendar:
● Emperor Marcian and Pulcheria his wife
● Commemoration of the dedication of the Great Church in Constantinople.
● Weeping "Tikhvin" Icon of the Most Holy Theotokos on Mt. Athos.
● Repose of Elder Agapitus of the Kiev Caves (1887), and Elder Barnabas of the Gethsemane Skete of St. Sergius' Lavra (1906).
● Russian Orthodox Christian Menaion Calendar for February 18 (Civil Date: March 1)
● St. Leo the Great, pope of Rome.
● St. Flavian the confessor, Patriarch of Constantinople.
● St. Agapitus, Bishop of Synnada in Phrygia, and Martyrs Victor, Dorotheus, Theodulus, and Agrippa, who suffered under Licinius.
● St. Cosmas, monk of Yakhromsk.
● New-Martyr Priest Alexander Medvedsky (1932) and Hieromonk Benjamin (1938).
● Commemoration of the New-Martyrs who suffered during the "Holy Night" in Petersburg (1932).
● Greek Calendar:
● Martyrs Leo and Parigorius of Patara in Lycia.
● Martyr Publius.
● Anglican:
● St. David, patron Wales
● Lutheran:
● George Herbert, priest
● Bhutan - Buddhist New Years
● Bahá'í Faith - Last Day (4 or 5) of Ayyám-i-Há (Intercalary Days) - days in the Bahá'í calendar devoted to service and gift giving.
● Roman Empire - Feriae Marti in honor of Mars
● Roman Empire - Matronalia in honor of Juno
● Roman Empire - New Year
● Roman Empire - The sacred fire of Rome was renewed
● Bayonna Spain - Pinzon Day
● Bosnia and Herzegovina - Independence Day
● Bulgaria - Baba Marta, a custom when the Martenitsa is worn for good health and luck symbolizing the beginning of the spring season in Bulgaria.
● Engadine, Switzerland : Chalanda Marz/Coming of spring
● Iceland - Beer day - This day in 1989 beer was allowed again
● Korea - Independence Movement Day (Samiljeol; 삼일절)
● Lanark, Lanarkshire Scotland - Whuppity Scoorie Day
● Martisor - a seasonal holiday in Romania.
● Panamá - Constitution Day (1946)
● Paraguay - Heroes' Day/National Defense Day/Memorial Day
● Romania - Martisor
● Self Injury Awareness Day
● Tasmania, Australia - Eight Hours Day
● United States Admission Day:
● Ohio, 17th state (1803)
● Nebraska, 37th state (1867)
● Wales - Saint David's Day
● Western Australia - Labour day
● World Civil Defense Day - This Day commemorates the entry into force in 1972 of the ICDO Constitution as an inter-governmental organisation.
● World Day of Prayer.
SEASONS AND YEARS BEGINNING ON MARCH FIRST
● In Denmark, spring begins on March 1, while in Australia autumn begins on March 1. Meteorological spring in the Northern Hemisphere also begins on March 1; meteorological autumn in the Southern Hemisphere also begins on March 1.
● Historically, March 1 was considered to be the beginning of the Roman 'work year'; The numerical Latin names of some months reflect this. (September = Seventh, October = Eighth, November = Ninth, December = Tenth). (see New Year).
● If one begins each year on March 1, till the next March 1, then each date will have the same day number in this year, regardless of whether it is a leap year or not (e.g. December 25 is always day 300), unlike counting from January 1. This is due to the fact that the Gregorian and Julian calendars are based on the old Roman Calendar, which had March 1 as the first day of the year. The addition of the leap day of February 29 (which is what causes the days of leap years to fall on different day numbers) is a continuation of the February placement of the old Roman calendar's Mensis Intercalaris (a shortened extra month inserted to bring the 355 day long calendar into rough alignment with the seasons).
● Also the months follow a regular 5-month cycle of 153 days, till the end of February. This can be seen by listing the number of days in the months thus:
● Mar 31, Apr 30, May 31, Jun 30, Jul31
● Aug 31, Sep 30, Oct 31, Nov 30, Dec 31
● Jan 31, Feb 28/29
● This regularity is sometimes used in calendar calculations.
THIS IS AN ABBREVIATED POST FOR THIS DATE USING ONLY THE FOLLOWING EIGHT SOURCES. A COMPLETE POST IS PLANNED AS SOON AS TIME ALLOWS.
This Previous Day in History Post With
This Original Wikipedia List form the core of this post.
Additional facts taken from:
Information on Geov Parrish's this Day in Radical History, things that happened on this day that you never had to memorize in school.
Roman Catholic Saint of the Day
Russian Orthodox Christian Menaion Calendar
Liberal Quotes of the Day taken from The Best Liberal Quotes Ever: Why the Left Is Right Compiled by William P. Martin ©2004
Quotes from the Right of the Day taken from Take Them at Their Words: Startling, Amusing and Baffling Quotations from the GOP and Their Friends, 1994-2004 Compiled by Bruce J. Miller with Diana Maio ©2004
Dumbest Thing Said for the Day taken from 1001 Dumbest Things Ever Said Edited by Steven D. Price ©2004
Permanent Backlink to Post
Day of the week in surrounding years:
1982,. . . .,1993,1999,2004—MON—2010
1983,1988,1994,. . . .,2005—TUE—2011
. . . .,1989,1995,2000,2006—WED—. . . .
1984,1990,. . . .,2001,2007—THU—2012
1985,1991,1996,2002,. . . .—FRI—2013
1986,. . . .,1997,2003,2008—SAT—2014
1987,1992,1998,. . . .,2009—SUN—2015
PASCAL DATE INFORMATION
Easter Sunday for the Western Christian Church is defined as the first Sunday following the first full moon after the Spring Equinox. Lent is defined as the forty days prior to Easter not including Sundays thus Lent begins on Ash Wednesday, which is 46 days prior to Easter. Calculations for Ash Wednesday and Easter Sunday were performed for the 3774 years from 326 to 4099. For the year range 326 to 1582, dates are based on the Julian calendar. For years 1583 to 4099, dates are based on the Gregorian calendar. Ash Wednesday falls in a range of 36 days from February 4 to March 10. Easter Sunday falls in a range of 35 days from March 22 to April 25. The extra day in the Ash Wednesday range is February 29, which only occurs in leap years. February 29 only effects when Ash Wednesday occurs since it is well before the Spring Equinox and has no effect on the date for Easter Sunday. March 10 to March 21 is a twelve-day range that must occur in Lent no matter the timing of Easter Sunday. The entire range of 82 dates from February 4 to April 25 represents all dates with Pascal ramifications.
March 1 is the 27th possible date for Ash Wednesday. Ash Wednesday occurs on this date 143 times during the 3774 years calculated and is ranked 1st of the 36 dates.
It occurred on this date previously in the years:
355, 366, 377, 439, 450, 461, 472, 523, 534, 545, 556, 618, 629, 640, 713, 719, 724, 803, 808, 814, 887, 898, 909, 971, 982, 993, 1004, 1055, 1066, 1077, 1088, 1150, 1161, 1172, 1245, 1251, 1256, 1335, 1340, 1346, 1419, 1430, 1441, 1503, 1514, 1525, 1536, 1623, 1634, 1645, 1656, 1702, 1713, 1724, 1775, 1786, 1797, 1843, 1854, 1865, 1876, 1911, 1922, 1933, 1995, 2006
It will occur on this date in the future in the years:
2017, 2028, 2090, 2147, 2158, 2169, 2180, 2215, 2226, 2237, 2248, 2299, 2305, 2316, 2367, 2378, 2389, 2400, 2451, 2462, 2473, 2484, 2519, 2530, 2541, 2552, 2609, 2620, 2682, 2693, 2739, 2750, 2761, 2772, 2834, 2845, 2856, 2902, 2913, 2924, 2986, 2997, 3043, 3054, 3065, 3076, 3111, 3122, 3133, 3144, 3206, 3217, 3228, 3358, 3369, 3380, 3426, 3437, 3448, 3505, 3516, 3578, 3589, 3600, 3673, 3684, 3730, 3741, 3752, 3809, 3820, 3893, 3950, 3961, 3972, 4045, 4056
Best Liberal Quote of the Day: On Fear "We fear that we are inadequate, but our deepest fear is that we are powerful beyond measure. It is our light, not our darkness, that most frightens us." — Marianne Williamson
Stupidest and/or Scariest Quote from the Right for the Day: On Coup D'etat 2000 "Cheaters! Let us in!" — A mob of GOP-organized demonstrators—many of them lawyers and staff assistants to Republican legislators and campaign people—screaming in the hall outside the Miami-Dade vote counting center while hand recounts were taking place inside. Ron Fournier, Charleston (WV) Gazette, 11-23-00. On national television, these demonstrators were seen forcing their way into the office building and banging on the locked doors of the counting center. Theodore Olson, former assistant to Ken Starr and now Solicitor General, later admitted that the demonstrations were organized by the GOP to pressure the local canvassing boards. Jonathan Alter, "Far from the Madding crowd," Newsweek, 12-4-00.
Dumbest Thing Said for the Day: From the world of Sports "The way he's swinging the bat, he won't get a hit until the twentieth century." — Jerry Coleman was an infielder for the Yankees (what is it about the Bronx Bombers that turned out such a raft of funny speakers?), and manager of the San Diego Padres. After playing, he made his mark as a radio and TV broadcaster, where his malapropisms, non sequiturs, and other goofs became legendary. Coleman is Hall of Shame member #8.
{Disclaimer: I have attempted to give credit to the many different sources that I get entries. Any failure to do so is unintentional. Any statement enclosed by brackets like these are the opinion of the blogger, A Proud Liberal.}
MOON PHASE
Berkeley, California—Times are Pacific Standard Time (PST)
Mar 1, 2008 2:00 AM Name: Waning Crescent Percent of Full: 38% Age: 79% Rise: 2:51 AM Set: 11:54 AM
Surprise, Arizona—Times are Mountain Standard Time (MST)
Mar 1, 2008 2:00 AM Name: Waning Crescent Percent of Full: 38% Age: 79% Rise: 2:55 AM Set: 12:28 PM
Iowa City, Iowa—Times are Central Standard Time (CST)
Mar 1, 2008 2:00 AM Name: Waning Crescent Percent of Full: 38% Age: 79% Rise: 3:00 AM Set: 11:31 AM
Cambridge, Massachusetts—Times are Eastern Standard Time (EST)
Mar 1, 2008 2:00 AM Name: Waning Crescent Percent of Full: 39% Age: 79% Rise: 2:38 AM Set: 11:02 AM
NASA ASTRONOMY PICTURE OF THE DAY
Mauna Kea Shadow Play
Credit & Copyright: Alex Mukensnable
Click picture to go to NASA APOD site for full explanation
EVENTS
● 86 B.C.E. - Lucius Cornelius Sulla, at the head of a Roman Republic army, enters in Athens, removing the tyrant Aristion who was supported by troops of Mithridates VI of Pontus.
● 1 B.C.E. - Start of revised Julian calendar in Rome
● 286 - Roman Emperor Diocletian raises Maximian to the rank of Caesar.
● 293 - Roman Emperors Diocletian and Maximian appoint Constantius Chlorus and Galerius as Caesares, thus beginning the Tetrarchy.
● 317 - Crispus and Constantine II, sons of Roman Emperor Constantine I, and Licinius iunior, son of Emperor Licinius, are made Caesares
● 492 - St. Felix III ends his reign as Catholic Pope
● 492 - St. Gelasius I begins his reign as Catholic Pope
● 589 - Saint David, patron saint of Wales, dies.
● 705 - John VII begins his reign as Catholic Pope
● 743 - Slave export by Christians to heathen areas prohibited
● 918 - Balderik becomes bishop of Utrecht
● 1260 - Hulagu Khan, grandson of Genghis, conquerors Damascus
● 1382 - French Maillotin uprises against taxes
● 1420 - Pope Martinus I calls for crusade against the hussieten
● 1457 - The Unitas Fratrum is established in the village of Kunvald, on the Bohemian-Moravian borderland. It is to date the second oldest Protestant denomination.
● 1498 - Vasco de Gama landed at what is now Mozambique on his way to India.
● 1562 - Over 1,000 Huguenots are massacred by Catholics in Wassy, France marking the start of the French Wars of Religion.
● 1565 - The city of Rio de Janeiro is founded by Spanish occupier Estacio de Sá.
● 1587 - English parliament leader Peter Wentworth confined in London Tower
● 1591 - Pope Gregory XIV threatens to excommunicate French King Henri IV
● 1593 - The Uppsala Synod is summoned to confirm the exact forms of the Lutheran Church of Sweden.
● 1628 - Writs are issued in February by Charles I of England that every county in England (not just seaport towns) pay ship tax by this date.
● 1633 - On his deathbed, English poet and clergyman George Herbert, 39, uttered these last words: 'I shall be free from sin and all the temptations and anxieties that attend it...I shall dwell... where these eyes shall see my Master and Savior.'
● 1633 - Samuel de Champlain reclaims his role as commander of New France on behalf of Cardinal Richelieu.
● 1634 - Battle at Smolensk; Polish King Wladyslaw IV beats Russians
● 1642 - Georgeana, Massachusetts (now known as York, Maine) becomes the first incorporated city in the USA.
● 1692 - The Salem Witch Trials in the Massachusetts colony officially began with the conviction of Rev. Samuel Parris' West Indian slave, Tituba, for witchcraft.
● 1700 - Sweden introduces its own Swedish calendar, in an attempt to gradually merge into the Gregorian calendar, reverts to the Julian calendar on this date in 1712, and introduces the Gregorian Calendar on this date in 1753.
● 1780 - Pennsylvania becomes 1st US state to abolish slavery (for newborns only) {Mothers and fathers remaining slaves leave little hope for true freedom for the newborn children.}
● 1781 - The Continental Congress adopts the Articles of Confederation.
● 1785 - Philadelphia Society for the Promotion of Agriculture organized
● 1790 - First U.S. Census count includes slave and free Negroes. Indians were not included. {Of course, slaves only count as three-fifths of a person as per the Constitution.}
● 1792 - US Presidential Succession Act passed
● 1796 - 1st National Meeting in the Hague
● 1803 - Ohio is admitted as the 17th U.S. state.
● 1805 - Justice Samuel Chase is acquitted at the end of his impeachment trial by the U.S. Senate.
● 1809 - Embargo Act of 1807 repealed & Non-Intercourse Act signed
● 1810 - Georgetown College was chartered in Washington, D.C., making it the first Roman Catholic institution of higher learning established in the United States.
● 1810 - Sweden became the first country to appoint an Ombudsman, Lars August Mannerheim.
● 1811 - French Civil Code of Criminal law accepted by Netherlands Mamelukes in Cairo's Citadel
● 1811 - Leaders of the Mameluke dynasty are killed by Egyptian ruler Muhammad Ali.
● 1815 - Napoleon returned to France from the island of Elba. He had been forced to abdicate in April of 1814.
● 1815 - Sunday observance in Netherlands regulated by law
● 1836 - A Convention of delegates from 57 Texas communities convenes in Washington-on-the-Brazos, Texas, to deliberate independence from Mexico.
● 1840 - Adolphe Thiers becomes prime minister of France.
● 1845 - President John Tyler signs a bill authorizing the United States to annex the Republic of Texas.
● 1847 - Michigan becomes 1st English-speaking jurisdiction to abolish the death penalty (except for treason against the state)
● 1852 - Archibald William Montgomerie, 13th Earl of Eglinton appointed Lord Lieutenant of Ireland.
● 1854 - German psychologist Friedrich Eduard Beneke disappears; two years later his remains are found in a canal near Charlottenburg.
● 1854 - SS City of Glasgow leaves Liverpool harbor & is never seen again
● 1859 - Present seal of San Francisco adopted (its 2nd)
● 1862 - Prussia formally recognized the Kingdom of Italy.
● 1864 - Bebecca Lee of Boston, MA, becomes first African-American woman to gain a medical degree.
● 1864 - Louis Ducos de Hauron patented a machine for taking and projecting motion pictures. The machine was never built.
● 1866 - Paraguayan canoes sink 2 Brazilian ironclads on Rio Parana
● 1867 - Howard University, Washington DC, chartered
● 1867 - Most of Nebraska becomes 37th US state (expanded later); Lancaster, Nebraska is renamed Lincoln and becomes the state capital.
● 1869 - Postage stamps showing scenes are issued for 1st time
● 1870 - Anarchists Costa and Bakunin issue first revolutionary bulletin in Italy.
● 1871 - J Milton Turner named minister to Liberia
● 1872 - Congress gives African Americans the right to serve on juries and occupy public places. In the wake of the Civil War, black men have been able to vote and hold elected office. But because African Americans remain dependent on whites for work, these rights often are denied by force. Southern whites are beginning to use their economic power and form terrorist groups such as the Ku Klux Klan, and many northern politicians say stabilizing the South requires a return to white supremacy. It is only a matter of time before they reduce blacks again to near slavery.
● 1872 - Yellowstone becomes world's first national park.
● 1873 - E. Remington and Sons in Ilion, New York start production of the first practical typewriter.
● 1873 - Henry Comstock discovers the Comstock Lode in Virginia City, Nevada.
● 1875 - Civil Rights Bill enacted by U.S. Congress gives blacks the rights to equal treatment in public places and transport. Declared unconstitutional by the Supreme Court in 1883 saying Congress overstepped its authority. {Current libertarians and "strict constitutionalists" make same argument about current civil rights laws; so far there are not enough NeoCons on the Supreme Court to make Jim Crow legal again.}
● 1876 - Guernsey Cattle Club forms (Farmington CT)
● 1877 - Birth of Milly Witkop Rocker (1877-1955), Ukraine. Exiled to London, she was an activist in the Jewish anarchist movement among the Lower Eastside sweatshop workers. In 1916 she was sentenced to two years in prison for antiwar activities, and in 1918 went to Germany, where Milly organized women workers. In 1933, with the Nazi burning of the Reichstag they were forced to the U.S., where they continued to fight and organize, and were prominent supporters of the revolution in Spain.
● 1879 - Library of Hawaii founded
● 1886 - Anglo-Chinese School, Singapore is founded by Bishop William Oldham.
● 1893 - Diplomatic Appropriation Act, authorizes the US rank of ambassador
● 1896 - Battle of Adowa: an Ethiopian army defeats an outnumbered Italian force, ending the First Italo–Ethiopian War.
● 1896 - Henri Becquerel discovers radioactivity.
● 1896 - Italy - On the island of Tremiti, confrontations take place with the police, who kill the anarchist Argante Salucci and wound 10 companions.
● 1900 - In South Africa, Ladysmith was relieved by British troops after being under siege by the Boers for more than four months.
● 1907 - In New York, the Salvation Army opened an anti-suicide bureau.
● 1907 - In Odessa, Russia, there were only about 15,000 Jews left due to evacuations.
● 1907 - In Spain, a royal decree abolished civil marriages.
● 1907 - Industrial Workers of the World (IWW) strike Portland, Oregon sawmills.
● 1909 - 1st US university school of nursing established, University of Minnesota
● 1910 - The first issue of "The Evening Light and Church of God Evangel" was published in Cleveland, Tennessee. A. J. Tomlinson, the publishing editor, was an instrumental figure in the history of the Church of God (also headquartered today in Cleveland, Tennessee).
● 1910 - Three passenger trains buried at Stevens Pass in Cascade Range, Washington; 118 die. Worst snowslide in U.S. history.
● 1911 - Jose Ordonez was elected President of Uraguay.
● 1912 - Albert Berry makes the first parachute jump from a moving airplane.
● 1912 - Coal strike that began days before in Derbyshire, England becomes a general, nationwide strike.
● 1912 - Isabella Goodwin, 1st US woman detective, appointed, New York NY
● 1913 - 1st state law requiring bonding of officers & state employees, North Dakota
● 1913 - Federal income tax takes effect (16th amendment)
● 1914 - Birth of Ralph Ellison, Oklahoma City, Okla. Best known and only published novel "Invisible Man" (1952) tells a story of a black man who retires in a basement to solve his relationship with American society. {Book remains on enlightened high school reading lists.}
● 1914 - The Republic of China joins the Universal Postal Union.
● 1916 - Germany begins attacking ships in the Atlantic
● 1917 - 1st federal land bank chartered
● 1917 - Birth of Robert Lowell, American poet, WWII conscientious objector, Boston, Massachusetts.
● 1917 - U.S. government releases the plaintext of the Zimmermann Telegram {Germans had offered old Mexican territories in the US if Mexico were to enter WWI on the German side.} to the public.
● 1918 - German submarine U-19 sinks HMS Calgarian off Rathlin Island.
● 1919 - March 1st Movement begins in Korea.
● 1920 - Austria becomes a kingdom again, under Admiral Horthy
● 1921 - Russia - From March 1-17, the old Bolshevik stronghold of Kronstadt rises demanding free election to the Soviets -- but is slandered and brutally suppressed upon the orders of Lenin and Trotsky. Today the Kronstadt naval base on Kotlin Island, some 25 miles off-shore from Petrograd, adopts a 15- point program of political and economic demands -- a program in open defiance of the Bolshevik Party's control of the Soviet state. Less than three weeks later, on March 17, Kronstadt was subdued in a bloody assault by select Red Army units.
● 1921 - Rwanda ceded to England
● 1922 - Yitzhak Rabin, the Israeli prime minister who worked for peace with Palestinian and Arab neighbors, was born.
● 1923 - Allies occupy Ruhrgebied; killing railroad striker
● 1924 - Germany's prohibition of Communist Party KPD lifted
● 1927 - Bank of Italy becomes a National Bank
● 1932 - Librado Rivera dies from complications following a car accident. Mexican anarchist, a school principal, then a professor, companion in the fight waged by the Magon brothers, Enrique and Flores. His libertarian ideals landed him in jail numerous times; in May 1905 Rivera went into exile in the U.S. Several times jailed and threatened with expulsion. Finally sentenced to 15 years of forced labor. Rivera was released in 1923 and extradited to Mexico.
● 1932 - The son of Charles Lindbergh, Charles Augustus Lindbergh III, is kidnapped.
● 1933 - Bank holidays declared in 6 states, to prevent run on banks
● 1934 - Henry Pu Yi crowned emperor Kang Teh of Manchuria
● 1936 - A strike occurs aboard the S.S. California, leading to the demise of the International Seamen's Union and the creation of the National Maritime Union.
● 1936 - Hoover Dam is completed.
● 1937 - 1st permanent automobile license plates issued (Connecticut)
● 1937 - US Steel raises workers' wages to $5 a day
● 1941 - Himmler inspects Auschwitz concentration camp
● 1941 - W47NV (now known as WSM-FM) begins operations in Nashville, Tennessee becoming the first FM radio station in the U.S..
● 1941 - World War II: Bulgaria signs the Tripartite Pact, allying itself with the Axis powers.
● 1942 - 3 day Battle of Java Sea ends, US suffers a major naval defeat
● 1942 - Japanese troops occupy Kalidjati airport in Java
● 1942 - Suriname camp for NSB people opens to save Jews
● 1942 - Tito establishes 2nd Proletarit Brigade in Bosnia
● 1943 - Huge rally calls on U.S. government to reconsider its refusal to offer sanctuary to Jewish refugees of Nazi Germany. Madison Square, New York City.
● 1943 - Jewish old age home for disabled in Amsterdam raided
● 1943 - World War II: Battle of Bismarck Sea begins.
● 1944 - Massive strikes in Northern Italian towns
● 1944 - U-358 sinks in Atlantic
● 1945 - British 43rd Division under General Essame occupies Xanten
● 1945 - Chinese 30th division occupies Hsenwi
● 1945 - FDR announces success of Yalta Conference
● 1945 - Fieldmarshal Kesselring succeeds von Rundstedt as commander
● 1945 - US infantry regiment captures Mönchengladbach
● 1946 - Panamá accepts its new constitution
● 1946 - The Bank of England is nationalised.
● 1947 - Chinese Premier T. V. Soong resigned.
● 1947 - The International Monetary Fund begins financial operations.
● 1949 - Indonesia seizes Yogyakarta from the Dutch.
● 1950 - Chiang Kai-shek resumed the Presidency of National China on Formosa
● 1950 - Cold War: Communist spy jailed for 14 years; Nuclear scientist Klaus Fuchs is sentenced to 14 years imprisonment for espionage.
● 1950 - USSR issues golden rubles
● 1951 - Spain - Public transport boycott, prelude to the first strike wave under Franco.
● 1952 - Egyptian government-Ali Maher Pasja resigns
● 1952 - Helgoland, in North Sea, returned to West Germany by Britain
● 1953 - Joseph Stalin collapses, having suffered a stroke. He dies four days later.
● 1954 - Five Congressmen shot on the floor of the House by four Puerto Rican Nationalists who fired at random from the spectator's gallery.
● 1954 - Nuclear testing: The Castle Bravo, a 15-megaton hydrogen bomb, is detonated on Bikini Atoll in the Pacific Ocean, resulting in the worst radioactive contamination ever caused by the United States with over 7,000 square miles contaminated as well as many local residents and Japanese fishermen.
● 1954 - Rebellion during visit of President Naguib in Khartoum Sudan, 30 die
● 1955 - Israeli assault on Gaza, kills 48
● 1956 - The International Air Transport Association finalizes a draft of the Radiotelephony spelling alphabet for the International Civil Aviation Organization.
● 1958 - Samuel Alphonsus Stritch, is appointed Pro-Prefect of the Propagation of Faith and thus becomes the first American member of the Roman Curia.
● 1959 - Archbishop Makarios returns to Cyprus after 3 years
● 1961 - President of the United States John F. Kennedy establishes the Peace Corps.
● 1961 - Uganda becomes self-governing and holds its first elections.
● 1962 - American Airlines 707 plunges nose 1st into Jamaica Bay NY killing 95
● 1962 - Pakistan announced that it had a new constitution that set up a presidential system of government.
● 1962 - US/British nuclear test experiment in Nevada
● 1963 - 200,000 French mine workers strike
● 1965 - Gas explosion kills 28 in apartment complex (La Salle Québec Canada)
● 1966 - Britain to go decimal in 1971; Chancellor of the Exchequer James Callaghan confirms the "historic and momentous" decision to change over to decimal coinage.
● 1966 - Ghana ordered all Soviet, East German and Chinese technicians to leave the country.
● 1966 - Swiss Reformed theologian Karl Barth wrote in a letter: If Jesus is and does what we read in 1 John 2:2, then He prays for all men: for those who already pray and for those who do not yet pray.'
● 1966 - The Ba'ath Party takes power in Syria.
● 1966 - Venera 3 Soviet space probe crashes on Venus becoming the first spacecraft to land on another planet's surface.
● 1967 - Dominica & St Lucia gain independence from Britain
● 1967 - House of Representatives expels Representative Adam Clayton Powell Jr. D-NY (307 to 116) after he is cited for contempt of court for refusing to pay damages in a lawsuit. He is re-elected without campaigning the following month.
● 1968 - Chicana Welfare Rights Organization is formed, with Alicia Escalante as director.
● 1968 - Political Party Radikalen (PPR) established in Netherlands
● 1968 - Vatican City's Apostolic Constitution of 1967 goes into effect
● 1970 - End of US commercial {admitted and sanctioned} whale hunting
● 1970 - Kreisky's social-democrats win Austrian parliamentary election
● 1970 - White government of Rhodesia declares independence from Britain
● 1971 - A bomb planted by the Weather Underground explodes in a U.S. Capitol restroom, "in retaliation for the Laos decision."
● 1971 - At Miami's Dinner Key Auditorium, Jim Morrison of the Doors is arrested for allegedly exposing his penis during the show. Morrison is officially charged with lewd and lascivious behavior, indecent behavior, open profanity and public drunkenness.
● 1971 - Pakistani President Yahya Khan indefinitely postpones the pending national assembly session, precipitating massive civil disobedience in East Pakistan.
● 1971 - Workers down tools over union rights; Hundreds of thousands of workers across Britain take part in an unofficial day of protest against the government's new industrial relations Bill.
● 1972 - The Thai province of Yasothon is created after being split off from the Ubon Ratchathani province.
● 1973 - Black September terrorists storm the Saudi embassy in Khartoum, Sudan resulting in the 1973 Khartoum diplomatic assassinations.
● 1974 - Watergate scandal: Seven are indicted for their role in the Watergate break-in and charged with conspiracy to obstruct justice. Among the seven were former Nixon White House aides H.R. Haldeman and John D. Ehrlichman and former Attorney General John Mitchell.
● 1975 - Colour television transmissions begin in Australia.
● 1976 - Bradford Bishop bludgeoned his mother, spouse and three children to death and is still at large.
● 1977 - Death of Haghard Jonassen, co-founder of AMK.
● 1977 - US extends territorial waters to 200 miles
● 1978 - Charlie Chaplin's coffin is stolen from a Swiss cemetery. {Charlie didn't see the need to comment.}
● 1980 - CTUC, Commonwealth Trade Union Council, established
● 1980 - Snow falls in Florida
● 1980 - Voyager 1 probe confirms that Janus (moon of Saturn) exists.
● 1981 - Bobby Sands, IRA member, begins 65-day hunger strike in Maze Prison (he dies)
● 1982 - 5 die as ski lift malfunctions a Lúz-Ardiden in Pyrenees
● 1982 - Russian spacecraft Venera 14 lands on Venus, sends back data
● 1983 - Tornado tears through Louisiana, injuring 33 people
● 1984 - NASA launches Landsat-D Prime (Landsat 5) to thematic map the Earth
● 1984 - USSR performs nuclear test at Eastern Kazakhstan/Semipalitinsk USSR
● 1985 - Pentagon accepts theory that atomic war would cause a nuclear winter {Some later think this could cure global warming.}
● 1986 - Start of Great Peace March for global nuclear disarmament, Los Angeles.
● 1988 - Iraq says it launched 16 missiles into Tehran
● 1988 - Soviet troops were sent into Azerbaijan after ethnic riots between Armenians and Azerbaijanis.
● 1989 - Comet du Toit at perihelion
● 1989 - In Washington, DC, Mayor Barry and the City council imposed a curfew on minors.
● 1989 - The United States becomes a member of the Berne Convention copyright treaty.
● 1990 - Benin nullifies its constitution
● 1990 - In Cairo, 16 people were killed in a fire at the Sheraton Hotel.
● 1990 - Luis Alberto Lacelle sworn in as President of Uruguay
● 1990 - Secrets act gags whistleblowers; Whistleblowers and journalists will, from today, risk criminal prosecution if they reveal information viewed as damaging to the defence of the UK.
● 1990 - Steve Jackson Games is raided by the United States Secret Service, prompting the later formation of the Electronic Frontier Foundation.
● 1990 - The Seabrook, NH, nuclear power plant won federal permission to go on line after two decades of protests and legal struggles.
● 1991 - US Embassy in Kuwait officially reopens
● 1991 - Women for Peace protest against militarism, Belgrade and Ljubljana, Yugoslavia.
● 1992 - Bosnia and Herzegovina declares its independence from Yugoslavia.
● 1992 - Bosnian Serb snipers fired upon civilians after a majority of the Moslem and Croatian communities voted in favor of Bosnia's independence.
● 1992 - King Fahd of Saudi Arabia announced major political reforms that ceded some powers after 10 years of disciplined rule.
● 1992 - Sen. Brock Adams, D-Wash., abandoned his re-election campaign after eight women accused him in a Seattle Times report of sexual abuse and harassment.
● 1993 - Authorities in Waco TX negotiate with Branch Davidians
● 1993 - The U.S. government announced that the number of food stamp recipients had reached a record number of 26.6 million.
● 1994 - Israel released about 500 Arab prisoners in an effort to placate Palestinians over the Hebron massacre.
● 1994 - Martti Ahtisaari inaugurated as President of Finland
● 1994 - Senate rejects a balanced budget amendment to the Constitution
● 1994 - West charged as death toll mounts; Fred West is charged with two further murders following the discovery of more human remains in the garden of his Gloucester home.
● 1995 - Belgium ends military conscription
● 1995 - Julio María Sanguinetti sworn in as President of Uruguay
● 1995 - Polish Prime Minister Waldemar Pawlak resigns from parliament and is replaced by ex-communist Józef Oleksy.
● 1995 - The European Parliament rejected legislation that would have allowed biotechnology companies to patent new life forms.
● 1995 - Ukraine premier Vitaly Massol, resigns
● 1997 - Fifteen thousand demonstrate in Lunesburg, Germany, against shipment of French nuclear waste to site in Gorleben. Over the next several days hundreds of thousands would participate in demonstrations and direct actions along the shipping route.
● 1999 - In Uganda, eight tourists were brutally murdered by Hutu rebels. {I've always wondered when murder isn't brutal.}
● 1999 - The Angolan Embassy in Lusaka, Zambia, exploded. Four other bombs went off in the capital.
● 2000 - Hans Blix assumes the position of Executive Chairman of UNMOVIC.
● 2000 - The Constitution of Finland is rewritten.
● 2002 - Operation Anaconda began in eastern Afghanistan. Allied forces were fighting against Taliban and Al Quaida fighters.
● 2002 - Space Shuttle Columbia lifts off for mission STS-109, its final successful mission.
● 2002 - The Envisat environmental satellite successfully reaches an orbit 800 kilometers (500 miles) above the Earth on its 11th launch, carrying the heaviest payload to date at 8500 kilograms (9.5 tons).
● 2002 - The Peseta is discontinued as official currency of Spain and is replaced with the euro (€).
● 2003 - In New York, a $250,000 Salvador Dali sketch was stolen from a display case in the lobby at Rikers Island jail. On June 17, 2003, it was announced that four corrections officers had surrendered and plead innocent in connection to the theft. The mixed-media composition was a sketch of the crucifixion. {What the hell is a valuable piece of art doing at a jail to begin with?}
● 2003 - In the U.S., approximately 180,000 personnel from 22 different organizations around the government became part of the Department of Homeland Security. This completed the largest government reorganization since the beginning of the Cold War.
● 2003 - Suspected Sept. 11 mastermind Khalid Shaikh Mohammed was captured by CIA and Pakistani agents near Islamabad.
● 2004 - Mohammed Bahr al-Uloum becomes President of Iraq.
● 2004 - Punycode adopted by the national registrars of Germany, Austria and Switzerland.
● 2004 - Terry Nichols is convicted of state murder charges and being an accomplice to Oklahoma City bomber Timothy McVeigh.
● 2005 - A closely divided Supreme Court outlawed the death penalty for juvenile criminals.
● 2005 - Dennis Rader, the churchgoing family man accused of leading a double life as the BTK serial killer, was charged in Wichita, Kan., with 10 counts of first-degree murder. (Rader later pleaded guilty and received multiple life sentences.).
● 2006 - English-language Wikipedia reaches its one millionth article, Jordanhill railway station.
● 2006 - Queen Elizabeth II officially opens the new debating chamber for the National Assembly for Wales in Cardiff, a milestone in devolution.
● 2006 - Tarja Halonen is inaugurated as president of Finland for the second and last time.
● 2006 - The first confirmed case of H5N1 bird flu virus in Switzerland, a dead swan on Lake Geneva, near the city of Geneva.
● 2007 - "Squatters" are evicted from Ungdomshuset in Copenhagen, Denmark, provoking the March 2007 Denmark Riots.
● 2007 - Tornadoes swarm across the southern United States, killing at least 20; eight of the deaths were at a high school in Enterprise, Alabama.
BIRTHS
● 40 - Martial, Latin poet (d. 102)
● 1389 - Antoninus, Italian Archbishop of Florence (d. 1459)
● 1432 - Isabel of Coimbra, queen of Portugal (d. 1455)
● 1445 - Sandro Botticelli, Italian painter (d. 1510)
● 1456 - King Ladislaus II of Bohemia and Hungary (d. 1516)
● 1474 - Angela Merici, Italian nun (d. 1540)
● 1547 - Rudolph Goclenius, German philosopher (d. 1628)
● 1597 - Jean-Charles de la Faille, Belgian mathematician (d. 1652)
● 1610 - John Pell, English mathematician (d. 1685)
● 1644 - Simon Foucher, French ecclesiastic philosopher (d. 1696)
● 1657 - Samuel Werenfels, Swiss theologian (d. 1740)
● 1683 - Caroline of Ansbach, wife of George II of Great Britain (d. 1737)
● 1732 - William Maxwell Cushing, 2nd (confirmed) Chief Justice of the United States. (d. 1810)
● 1760 - François Nicolas Leonard Buzot, French revolutionary (d. 1794)
● 1769 - François Séverin Marceau-Desgraviers, French general (d. 1796)
● 1807 - Wilford Woodruff, fourth president of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (d. 1898)
● 1810 - Frédéric Chopin, Polish-French composer and pianist (d. 1849)
● 1812 - Augustus Pugin, English-born architect (d. 1852)
● 1817 - Giovanni Duprè, Italian sculptor (d. 1882)
● 1821 - Joseph Hubert Reinkens, German Catholic bishop (d. 1896)
● 1837 - William Dean Howells, American writer, historian, and politician (d. 1920)
● 1842 - Nicholaos Gysis, Greek painter (d. 1901)
● 1848 - Augustus Saint-Gaudens, Irish-born American sculptor (d. 1907)
● 1852 - Théophile Delcassé, French statesman (d. 1923)
● 1858 - Georg Simmel, German sociologist and philosopher (d. 1918)
● 1863 - Alexander Golovin, Russian painter (d. 1930)
● 1865 - Abe Iso, Japanese politician (d. 1949)
● 1871 - Ben Harney, American composer and ragtime pianist (d. 1938)
● 1876 - Henri de Baillet-Latour, Belgian IOC president (d. 1942)
● 1880 - Giles Lytton Strachey British writer (d. 1932)
● 1886 - Oskar Kokoschka, Austrian painter and poet (d. 1980)
● 1888 - Ewart Astill, English cricketer (d. 1948)
● 1889 - Watsuji Tetsuro, Japanese philosopher (d. 1960)
● 1892 - Ryūnosuke Akutagawa, Japanese writer (d. 1927)
● 1893 - Mercedes de Acosta, American socialite (d. 1968)
● 1896 - Dimitris Mitropoulos, Greek conductor and composer (d. 1960)
● 1896 - Moriz Seeler, German writer and producer (d. 1942)
● 1899 - Erich von dem Bach, Nazi official (d. 1972)
● 1901 - Pietro Spiggia, Italian poet
● 1904 - Glenn Miller, American bandleader (d. 1944)
● 1904 - Paul Hartman, American actor (d. 1973)
● 1905 - Doris Hare, Welsh actress (d. 2000)
● 1910 - Archer John Porter Martin, English chemist, Nobel laureate (d. 2002)
● 1910 - David Niven, English actor (d. 1983)
● 1912 - Gerald Emmett Cardinal Carter, archbishop of Toronto (d. 2003)
● 1914 - Harry Caray, American sportscaster (d. 1998)
● 1914 - Ralph Ellison, American writer (d. 1994)
● 1917 - Robert Lowell, American poet (d. 1977)
● 1918 - Gladys Noon Spellman, American politician (d. 1988)
● 1918 - João Goulart, President of Brazil (d. 1976)
● 1918 - Roger Delgado, English actor (d. 1973)
● 1920 - Howard Nemerov, American poet (d. 1991)
● 1920 - Max Bentley, Canadian ice hockey player (d. 1984)
● 1921 - Richard Wilbur, American poet
● 1921 - Terence Cardinal Cooke, American Catholic archbishop (d. 1983)
● 1922 - William Gaines, American publisher ("Mad Magazine") (d. 1992)
● 1922 - Yitzhak Rabin, Prime Minister of Israel, recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize (d. 1995)
● 1923 - Kuczka Péter, Hungarian writer and editor (d. 1999)
● 1924 - Deke Slayton, American astronaut (d. 1993)
● 1926 - Alvin "Pete" Rozelle, commissioner of American football (d. 1996)
● 1926 - Cesare Danova, Italian-born American actor (d. 1992)
● 1926 - Robert Clary, French actor (''Hogan's Heroes'')
● 1927 - Harry Belafonte, American musician and activist
● 1927 - Robert H. Bork, Former U.S. solicitor general and rejected Supreme Court nominee {and general NeoCon idiot}
● 1928 - Dr. Seymour Papert, South African mathematician and artificial intelligence researcher
● 1928 - Jacques Rivette, French film director
● 1928 - Seymour Papert, South African mathematician
● 1929 - Georgi Markov, Bulgarian dissident (d. 1978)
● 1930 - Gastone Nencini, Italian cyclist (d. 1980)
● 1935 - Robert Conrad, American actor
● 1936 - Jean-Edern Hallier, French author (d. 1997)
● 1936 - Monique Bégin, French-Canadian politician
● 1937 - Jed Allan, American actor
● 1939 - Leo Brouwer, Cuban composer and guitarist
● 1940 - Robert Grossman, American illustrator
● 1942 - Richard Bowman Myers, Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff
● 1943 - Akinori Nakayama, Japanese gymnast
● 1943 - Gil Amelio, American venture capitalist
● 1943 - José Ángel Iribar, Spanish footballer
● 1943 - Rashid Sunyaev, Russian physicist
● 1943 - Richard H. Price, American physicist
● 1944 - John Breaux, U.S. Senator from Louisiana
● 1944 - Mike d'Abo, English singer (Manfred Mann)
● 1944 - Roger Daltrey, English musician (The Who)
● 1945 - Dirk Benedict, American actor
● 1946 - Elvin Bethea, American football player
● 1946 - Gerry Boulet, French-Canadian singer (d. 1990)
● 1946 - Lana Wood, American actress
● 1947 - Alan Thicke, Canadian actor and songwriter ("Growing Pains")
● 1948 - Burning Spear, Jamaican singer and musician
● 1952 - Leigh Matthews, Australian rules footballer
● 1952 - Martin O'Neill, Northern Irish footballer and manager
● 1952 - Steven Barnes, American writer
● 1953 - Richard Bruton, Irish politician and economist
● 1954 - Catherine Bach, American actress (''The Dukes of Hazzard'')
● 1954 - Ron Howard, American actor and director
● 1956 - Timothy Daly, American actor ("Wings")
● 1957 - Jon Carroll, Singer-musician
● 1958 - Bertrand Piccard, Swiss balloonist and psychiatrist
● 1958 - Chosei Komatsu, Japanese conductor
● 1960 - William Bennett, English musician (Whitehouse)
● 1962 - Bill Leen, Rock musician
● 1963 - Dan Michaels, American musician and record producer
● 1963 - Rob Affuso, American drummer
● 1963 - Ron Francis, Canadian ice hockey player
● 1963 - Russell Wong, Actor
● 1963 - Thomas Anders, German singer (Modern Talking)
● 1964 - Clinton Gregory, American musician
● 1964 - Paul Le Guen, French football manager
● 1965 - Booker Huffman, American professional wrestler
● 1965 - Mary Lou Lord, American singer/songwriter
● 1965 - Stewart Elliott, Canadian jockey
● 1966 - John David Cullum, Actor
● 1966 - Susan Auch, Canadian speed-skater
● 1967 - Aron Winter, Dutch footballer
● 1967 - George Eads, American actor ("CSI")
● 1967 - Yelena Afanasyeva, Russian athlete
● 1969 - Dafydd Ieuan, Welsh drummer (Super Furry Animals)
● 1969 - Doug Creek, American baseball player
● 1969 - Javier Bardem, Spanish actor
● 1969 - Litefoot, Native American rapper
● 1970 - Shaun Pollock, South African cricketer
● 1971 - Tyler Hamilton, American cyclist
● 1973 - Carlo Resoort, Dutch DJ
● 1973 - Chris Webber, American basketball player
● 1973 - Ryan Peake, Canadian guitarist (Nickelback)
● 1974 - Mark-Paul Gosselaar, American actor
● 1974 - Stephen Davis, American football player
● 1976 - Peter F. Bell, Australian rules footballer
● 1977 - Esther Cañadas, Spanish actress and supermodel
● 1977 - Rens Blom, Dutch athlete
● 1978 - Alicia Leigh Willis, American actress
● 1978 - Donovan Patton, Guamanian television star (''Blues Clues'')
● 1978 - Jensen Ackles, American actor
● 1980 - Abdur Rehman, Pakistani cricketer
● 1980 - Djimi Traoré, Malian footballer
● 1980 - Shahid Afridi, Pakistani cricketer
● 1981 - Adam LaVorgna, American actor
● 1981 - Ana Hickmann, Brazilian supermodel
● 1981 - Brad Winchester, American ice hockey player
● 1981 - Sean Woolstenhulme, Rock musician
● 1981 - Will Power, Australian racing driver
● 1983 - Blake Hawksworth, Canadian baseball player
● 1983 - Chris Hackett, English footballer
● 1983 - Daniel Carvalho, Brazilian footballer
● 1983 - Elan Sara DeFan, Mexican singer-songwriter
● 1984 - Alexander Steen, Canadian-born Swedish ice hockey player
● 1984 - Naima Mora, American model
● 1985 - Andreas Ottl, German footballer
● 1985 - J Leman, American Football Player
● 1986 - Jonathan Spector, American soccer player
● 1987 - Sammie, American singer
● 1988 - Katija Pevec, American actress
● 1989 - Carlos Vela, Mexican footballer
● 1989 - Sonya Kitchell, American singer
● 1990 - Harry Eden, English actor
● 1990 - Nikolas Tsattalios, Australian soccer player
DEATHS
● 589 - Saint David, Patron Saint of Wales (b. 500)
● 986 - King Lothair of France (b. 941)
● 1131 - King Stephen II of Hungary (b. 1101)
● 1233 - Count Thomas I of Savoy (b. 1178)
● 1244 - Gruffydd ap Llywelyn Fawr, son of Llywelyn the Great (b. 1200)
● 1383 - Amadeus VI of Savoy (b. 1334)
● 1510 - Francisco de Almeida, Portuguese soldier and explorer
● 1536 - Bernardo Accolti, Italian poet (b. 1465)
● 1546 - George Wishart, Scottish religious reformer (martyred) (b 1513)
● 1620 - Thomas Campion, English poet and composer (b. 1567)
● 1633 - George Herbert, English poet and orator (b. 1593)
● 1643 - Girolamo Frescobaldi, Italian composer (b. 1583)
● 1661 - Richard Zouch, English jurist (b. 1590)
● 1697 - Francesco Redi, Italian physician (b. 1626)
● 1706 - Heino Heinrich Graf von Flemming, German field marshal and Governor of Berlin (b. 1632)
● 1734 - Roger North, English biographer (b. 1653)
● 1757 - Edward Moore, English writer (b. 1712)
● 1768 - Hermann Samuel Reimarus, German philosopher and writer (b. 1694)
● 1773 - Luigi Vanvitelli, Italian architect (b. 1700)
● 1777 - Georg Christoph Wagenseil, Austrian composer (b. 1715)
● 1792 - Leopold II, Holy Roman Emperor (b. 1747)
● 1841 - Claude Victor-Perrin, duc de Belluno, French marshal (b. 1764)
● 1862 - Peter Barlow, English mathematician (b. 1776)
● 1875 - Tristan Corbière, French poet (b. 1845)
● 1879 - Joachim Heer, Swiss politician (b. 1825)
● 1884 - Isaac Todhunter, English mathematician (b. 1820)
● 1898 - George Bruce Malleson, English officer in India, author (b. 1825)
● 1906 - José María de Pereda, Spanish novelist (b. 1833)
● 1911 - Jacobus Henricus van 't Hoff, Dutch chemist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1852)
● 1912 - George Grossmith, English actor and comic writer (b. 1847)
● 1914 - Gilbert Elliot-Murray-Kynynmound, 4th Earl of Minto (b. 1845)
● 1920 - John H. Bankhead, U.S. Senator (b. 1842)
● 1920 - Joseph Trumpeldor, Russian Zionist (b. 1880)
● 1922 - Rafael Moreno Aranzadi, Spanish footballer (b. 1892)
● 1929 - Royal H. Weller, American politician (b. 1881)
● 1932 - Frank Teschemacher, American jazz clarinettist (b. 1906)
● 1933 - Uładzimir Zylka, Belarusian poet (b. 1900)
● 1936 - Mikhail Kuzmin, Russian writer (b. 1871)
● 1938 - Gabriele D'Annunzio, Italian writer, war hero, and politician (b. 1863)
● 1940 - Anton Hansen Tammsaare, Estonian author (b. 1878)
● 1943 - Alexandre Yersin, Swiss physician (b. 1863)
● 1952 - Mariano Azuela, Mexican novelist (b. 1873)
● 1963 - Irish Meusel, American baseball player (b. 1893)
● 1963 - Jorge Daponte, Argentine racing driver (b. 1923)
● 1966 - Fritz Houtermans, German physicist (b. 1903)
● 1970 - Lucille Hegamin, American singer and entertainer (b. 1894)
● 1974 - Bobby Timmons, American jazz pianist (b. 1935)
● 1979 - Mustafa Barzani, Kurdish politician (b. 1903)
● 1980 - Dixie Dean, English footballer (b. 1907)
● 1980 - Wilhelmina, high-fashion model and owner of model agency (b. 1940)
● 1984 - Jackie Coogan, American actor (b. 1914)
● 1988 - Joe Besser, American comedian and actor (b. 1907)
● 1991 - Edwin H. Land, American scientist and inventor (Polaroid Corporation) (b. 1909)
● 1995 - Georges J.F. Kohler, German biologist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (b. 1946)
● 1995 - Vladislav Listyev, Russian television journalist (b. 1956)
● 2000 - Dennis Danell, American guitarist (Social Distortion) (b. 1961)
● 2006 - Harry Browne, American politician and author (b. 1933)
● 2006 - Jack Wild, English actor (b. 1952)
● 2006 - Johnny Jackson, American musician (b. 1951)
● 2006 - Peter Osgood, English footballer (b. 1947)
● 2006 - Peter Snow, New Zealand doctor
● 2007 - Manuel Bento, Portuguese goalkeeper (b. 1948)
HOLIDAYS AND OBSERVANCES
● Roman Catholic:
● St. Abdalong of Marseilles - informal feast
● St. Abdecalas
● St. Adrianus
● St. Albin
● St. Aubin
● St. David (National Holiday of Wales)
● St. Eudocia
● St. Herculaflus
● Sts. Hermes and Adrian
● St. Leo Luke
● St. Leo of Rouen
● St. Lupercus
● St. Marnock
● St. Monan, largely legendary Scottish saint
● St. Rudesind
● St. Swidbert
● Russian Orthodox Christian Menaion Calendar for February 17 (Civil Date: March 1)
● Great-Martyr Theodore the Tyro.
● Opening of the Relics of Martyr Menas of Alexandria
● St. Mariamne, sister of Apostle Philip.
● St. Auxibius, Bishop of Soli in Cyprus.
● St. Theodosius the Bulgarian and his disciple St. Romanus, monks.
● St. Theodore the Silent of the Kiev Caves.
● St. Hermogenes, Patriarch of Moscow and All Russia.
● New-Martyr Theodore of Byzantium, at Mitylene.
● Greek Calendar:
● Emperor Marcian and Pulcheria his wife
● Commemoration of the dedication of the Great Church in Constantinople.
● Weeping "Tikhvin" Icon of the Most Holy Theotokos on Mt. Athos.
● Repose of Elder Agapitus of the Kiev Caves (1887), and Elder Barnabas of the Gethsemane Skete of St. Sergius' Lavra (1906).
● Russian Orthodox Christian Menaion Calendar for February 18 (Civil Date: March 1)
● St. Leo the Great, pope of Rome.
● St. Flavian the confessor, Patriarch of Constantinople.
● St. Agapitus, Bishop of Synnada in Phrygia, and Martyrs Victor, Dorotheus, Theodulus, and Agrippa, who suffered under Licinius.
● St. Cosmas, monk of Yakhromsk.
● New-Martyr Priest Alexander Medvedsky (1932) and Hieromonk Benjamin (1938).
● Commemoration of the New-Martyrs who suffered during the "Holy Night" in Petersburg (1932).
● Greek Calendar:
● Martyrs Leo and Parigorius of Patara in Lycia.
● Martyr Publius.
● Anglican:
● St. David, patron Wales
● Lutheran:
● George Herbert, priest
● Bhutan - Buddhist New Years
● Bahá'í Faith - Last Day (4 or 5) of Ayyám-i-Há (Intercalary Days) - days in the Bahá'í calendar devoted to service and gift giving.
● Roman Empire - Feriae Marti in honor of Mars
● Roman Empire - Matronalia in honor of Juno
● Roman Empire - New Year
● Roman Empire - The sacred fire of Rome was renewed
● Bayonna Spain - Pinzon Day
● Bosnia and Herzegovina - Independence Day
● Bulgaria - Baba Marta, a custom when the Martenitsa is worn for good health and luck symbolizing the beginning of the spring season in Bulgaria.
● Engadine, Switzerland : Chalanda Marz/Coming of spring
● Iceland - Beer day - This day in 1989 beer was allowed again
● Korea - Independence Movement Day (Samiljeol; 삼일절)
● Lanark, Lanarkshire Scotland - Whuppity Scoorie Day
● Martisor - a seasonal holiday in Romania.
● Panamá - Constitution Day (1946)
● Paraguay - Heroes' Day/National Defense Day/Memorial Day
● Romania - Martisor
● Self Injury Awareness Day
● Tasmania, Australia - Eight Hours Day
● United States Admission Day:
● Ohio, 17th state (1803)
● Nebraska, 37th state (1867)
● Wales - Saint David's Day
● Western Australia - Labour day
● World Civil Defense Day - This Day commemorates the entry into force in 1972 of the ICDO Constitution as an inter-governmental organisation.
● World Day of Prayer.
SEASONS AND YEARS BEGINNING ON MARCH FIRST
● In Denmark, spring begins on March 1, while in Australia autumn begins on March 1. Meteorological spring in the Northern Hemisphere also begins on March 1; meteorological autumn in the Southern Hemisphere also begins on March 1.
● Historically, March 1 was considered to be the beginning of the Roman 'work year'; The numerical Latin names of some months reflect this. (September = Seventh, October = Eighth, November = Ninth, December = Tenth). (see New Year).
● If one begins each year on March 1, till the next March 1, then each date will have the same day number in this year, regardless of whether it is a leap year or not (e.g. December 25 is always day 300), unlike counting from January 1. This is due to the fact that the Gregorian and Julian calendars are based on the old Roman Calendar, which had March 1 as the first day of the year. The addition of the leap day of February 29 (which is what causes the days of leap years to fall on different day numbers) is a continuation of the February placement of the old Roman calendar's Mensis Intercalaris (a shortened extra month inserted to bring the 355 day long calendar into rough alignment with the seasons).
● Also the months follow a regular 5-month cycle of 153 days, till the end of February. This can be seen by listing the number of days in the months thus:
● Mar 31, Apr 30, May 31, Jun 30, Jul31
● Aug 31, Sep 30, Oct 31, Nov 30, Dec 31
● Jan 31, Feb 28/29
● This regularity is sometimes used in calendar calculations.
THIS IS AN ABBREVIATED POST FOR THIS DATE USING ONLY THE FOLLOWING EIGHT SOURCES. A COMPLETE POST IS PLANNED AS SOON AS TIME ALLOWS.
This Previous Day in History Post With
This Original Wikipedia List form the core of this post.
Additional facts taken from:
Information on Geov Parrish's this Day in Radical History, things that happened on this day that you never had to memorize in school.
Roman Catholic Saint of the Day
Russian Orthodox Christian Menaion Calendar
Liberal Quotes of the Day taken from The Best Liberal Quotes Ever: Why the Left Is Right Compiled by William P. Martin ©2004
Quotes from the Right of the Day taken from Take Them at Their Words: Startling, Amusing and Baffling Quotations from the GOP and Their Friends, 1994-2004 Compiled by Bruce J. Miller with Diana Maio ©2004
Dumbest Thing Said for the Day taken from 1001 Dumbest Things Ever Said Edited by Steven D. Price ©2004
Permanent Backlink to Post
Announcement About Geov Parrish's this Day in Radical History
One of the mainstay references for this blog has been Geov Parrish's this Day in Radical History, things that happened on this day that you never had to memorize in school. The organization/website that had commissioned and archived his articles did two things. 1. They informed (laid-off) him his services were no longer required. 2. Despite assurances to the contrary, archives of his columns were removed and are no longer available.
This made references in This Day in History no longer valid. That's the bad news. The good news is that I had downloaded the entire year's worth of Geov's column. I have been in correspondence with Geov and have his blessings to continue to use these downloaded copies. He has told me he is updating the entries and is looking for somewhere to have them posted/archived. He has also promised me copies of any updated entries. For the time being, I will reference this announcement in my blog. Whenever there is a change in availability, I will update this single announcement.
I am grateful to Geov for his gracious permission to use his previous columns and look forward to the updated and expanded version of Geov Parrish's this Day in Radical History, things that happened on this day that you never had to memorize in school.
Permanent Backlink to Post
This made references in This Day in History no longer valid. That's the bad news. The good news is that I had downloaded the entire year's worth of Geov's column. I have been in correspondence with Geov and have his blessings to continue to use these downloaded copies. He has told me he is updating the entries and is looking for somewhere to have them posted/archived. He has also promised me copies of any updated entries. For the time being, I will reference this announcement in my blog. Whenever there is a change in availability, I will update this single announcement.
I am grateful to Geov for his gracious permission to use his previous columns and look forward to the updated and expanded version of Geov Parrish's this Day in Radical History, things that happened on this day that you never had to memorize in school.
Permanent Backlink to Post
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