November 10......

November 10 is the 314th day of the year (315th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. There are 51 days remaining in the year on this date.

EVENTS

● 1444 - Battle of Varna: The crusading forces of King Vladislaus III of Varna (aka Ulaszlo I of Hungary and Wladyslaw III of Poland) are crushed by the Turks under Sultan Murad II and Vladislaus is killed.

● 1483 - Birth of Anti-Church-of-Rome reformer Martin Luther.

● 1619 - René Descartes has the dreams that inspire his Meditations on First Philosophy.

● 1674 - Anglo-Dutch War: As provided in the Treaty of Westminster, Netherlands cedes New Netherlands to England.

● 1766 - The last Colonial governor of New Jersey, William Franklin, signs the charter of Queen's College (later renamed Rutgers University).

● 1775 - American Revolutionary War: The Continental Congress passes a resolution creating two battalions of Continental Marines (later renamed the United States Marine Corps) to serve as landing troops for the recently created Continental Navy. The Marines went out of existence after the end of the Revolutionary War in April of 1783. The Marine Corps were formally re-established on July 11, 1798. This day is observed as the birth date of the United States Marine Corps.

● 1792 - The White House: Construction begins by placing of the cornerstone.

● 1794 - French national convention banishes emigrant nobles forever, confiscates their estates.

● 1801 - The U.S. state of Tennessee outlawed the practice of dueling.

● 1835 - Birth of Lakshmibai, born into a Brahmin family in Varanasi, India. At age eight, Lakshmibai marries the raja of Jhansi. When her husband dies in 1853, the English seize Jhansi and deny Lakshmibai the throne. During the Great Rebellion -- which the British call the Sepoy Mutiny of 1857, 22-year-old Lakshmibai joins the rebels and trains an army of women to defend her fortress. In 1858, she is forced to abandon Jhansi, but escapes with most of her troops. Male rebel leaders ignore her warnings of imminent British attack. Lakshmibai died in the ensuing battle while commanding 300 troops. She becomes a national heroine in India

● 1865 - Confederate Captain Harry Wirz, commander of Andersonville Prison, where crowded conditions and appalling lack of sanitary facilities led to deaths of 13,000 Union soldiers, hanged for murder, becoming the only American Civil War soldier executed for war crimes.

● 1871 - Stanley presumptuously finds Dr. Livingstone; Henry Morton Stanley locates missing explorer and missionary, Dr. David Livingstone in Ujiji, near Lake Tanganyika and delivered his famous greeting: "Dr. Livingstone, I presume?"

● 1879 - Western Union and the National Bell Telephone Company reached a settlement over various telephone patents.

● 1879 - Birth of Patrick Henry Pearse, Irish freedom fighter, Dublin.

● 1887 - Chicago Haymarket "martyr" Louis Lingg cheats the state the day before his scheduled execution, commits suicide in his prison cell. Lingg was one of eight men accused of the bombing in the notorious Haymarket Riot. He was found guilty (on very weak evidence) and, along with four others, sentenced to be hanged. Lingg however, had a dynamite cap smuggled into his cell and detonated it in his mouth, cheating the State of all its glory. (All the accused, including Lingg, were posthumously pardoned.)

● 1891 - Birth of Simon Radowitzky. Polish anarchist who killed police chief Ramon Falcon and his secretary with a bomb, in Buenos Aires, Argentina.

● 1893 - Birth of Gregori Maximoff, Russian anarcho-syndicalist, in Mitushino, Smolensk. Joined the revolutionary movement while a student, was an active propagandist and, after the 1917 revolution, joined the Red Army. When the Bolsheviks used the Army for police work and disarming the workers, he refused to obey orders and was sentenced to death. The solidarity of the steelworkers' union saved his life. A leading figure in N.A.B.A.T. (Anarchist Organizations of Ukraine, organized by Voline) and secretary of the Confederation of Russian Anarcho-Trade Unions. Imprisoned, along with other members of NABAT, on March 8, 1921, during the Kronstadt revolt, in the Taganka Prison, Moscow. Expelled, along with Voline and others, he went to Berlin, where he participated in founding the A.I.T. (umbrella organization of anarcho-trade unionists of 12 countries, which encompassed several million members. Moved to Paris, then to the U.S., where he settled in Chicago. Became a leading newspaper trade unionist of the I.W.W. Edited several anarchist publications until his death in 1950.

● 1898 - Four hundred Democratic Party activists in Wilmington, North Carolina storm through the black section of town, assassinating black political officeholders. Thirty (possibly as many as 100) blacks died in the massacre. They then depose the mayor, force all remaining black officials to resign, and institute new government by force.

● 1917 - 41 suffragists were arrested in front of the White House.

● 1919 - The first national convention of the American Legion is held in Minneapolis, Minnesota (convention ended on November 12).

● 1924 - Society for Human Rights, first gay rights organization in the U.S., founded in Chicago.

● 1924 - Llacer and Montejo, members of the Spanish anacho-syndicalist union C.N.T, executed for their role in the Spanish uprisings sparked by the revolt in Vera de Bidassoa.

● 1926 - In San Francisco, California, a necrophiliac serial killer named Earle Nelson (dubbed "Gorilla Man") kills and then rapes his 9th victim, Mrs. William Edmonds.

● 1928 - Michinomiya Hirohito is crowned the 124th Emperor of Japan

● 1938 - Kate Smith, on her weekly radio show, sings Irving Berlin's “God Bless America” for the first time.

● 1940 - Walt Disney begins serving as an informer for the Los Angeles office of the FBI; his job is to report back information on Hollywood "subversives".

● 1942 - British Prime Minister Winston Churchill, discussing the recent Allied victory over Rommel at El Alamein, Egypt, said ''Now this is not the end. It is not even the beginning of the end. But it is, perhaps, the end of the beginning.''

● 1942 - World War II: Germany invades Vichy France following French Admiral François Darlan agreement to an armistice with the Allies in North Africa.

● 1944 - Ammunition ship USS Mount Hood (AE-11) exploded at Seeadler Harbour, Manus, Admiralty Islands

● 1945 - the first Indonesian resistance against the returning colonialists after World War II, celebrated as Heroes' Day (Hari Pahlawan).[citation needed]

● 1949 - Louis Rimbault dies. French Libertarian militant and propagandist of vegetarianism. Lived in the libertarian communist Colony of Bascon (Aisne) (1910-1912). Convicted for "complicity" in Bonnot Gang activities, he feigned mental illness to gain his release. An active opponent of state communism.

● 1951 - Hosea Richardson becomes first black horse jockey to ride in Florida.

● 1951 - Direct-dial (without operator assistance), coast-to-coast telephone service began as Mayor M. Leslie Denning of Englewood, N.J., called his counterpart in Alameda, Calif.

● 1952 - Blacks lead one-day strike against curfew, Port Elizabeth, South Africa.

● 1954 - US President Dwight D. Eisenhower dedicates the USMC War Memorial (Iwo Jima memorial) in Arlington National Cemetery.

● 1957 - 102,368 people attended the San Francisco 49ers and Los Angeles Rams game. The crowd was the largest regular-season crowd in NFL history.

● 1960 - “Lady Chatterley's Lover” sold out; Penguin's first run of the DH Lawrence's sexually explicit novel banned for more than 30 years sells out.

● 1964 - Re-introduction of conscription, the military draft, announced for Vietnam War, Australia.

● 1969 - National Educational Television (the predecessor to the Public Broadcasting Service) in the United States debuts the children's television program “Sesame Street.”

● 1970 - Vietnam War: Vietnamization - For the first time in five years, an entire week ends with no reports of American combat fatalities in Southeast Asia.

● 1970 - The Great Wall of China opened for tourism.

● 1970 - Soviet Lunar probe Lunokhod 1 launched.

● 1971 - In Cambodia, Khmer Rouge forces attack the city Phnom Penh and its airport, killing 44, wounding at least 30 and damaging nine airplanes.

● 1972 - Southern Airways Flight 49 from Birmingham is hijacked and, at one point, is threatened with crashing into the nuclear installation at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory. After two days, the plane lands in Havana, Cuba, where the hijackers are jailed by Fidel Castro.

● 1973 - Kurt Vonnegut's "Slaughterhouse 5" burned as a "tool of the Devil" by school board, and the teacher who assigned it is fired in Drake, North Dakota.

● 1975 - The 729-foot-long ore-hauling freighter SS Edmund Fitzgerald sinks during a storm on Lake Superior, killing all 29 crew on board. Gordon Lightfoot will make incident famous with a song, “The Wreck of the Edmund Fitzgerald.”

● 1975 - United Nations Resolution 3379: United Nations General Assembly approves a resolution equating Zionism with racism (the resolution was repealed in December 1991).

● 1976 - The Utah Supreme Court gave approval for Gary Gilmore to be executed, according to his wishes. The convicted murderer was put to death the following January.

● 1977 - The Major Indoor Soccer League was officially organized in New York City.

● 1980 - CBS News anchor Dan Rather claimed he had been kidnapped in a cab. It turned out that Rather had refused to pay the cab fare.

● 1980 - Michael Foot is new Labour leader; Outspoken left-wing MP Michael Foot defeats Denis Healey in a shocking result to the Labour leadership contest.

● 1982 - Leonid Brezhnev, general secretary of the central committee of the Communist Party and the Soviet Union, dies of a heart attack at age 75, after several years of near-incapacitation by "minor colds." He had ruled the Soviet Union for the past two decades, he was succeeded by Yuri V. Andropov.

● 1982 - The newly finished Vietnam Veterans Memorial was opened to its first visitors in Washington, D.C.

● 1984 - The U.S. Postal Service issued a commemorative stamp of the Vietnam Veterans Memorial.

● 1986 - Camille Sontag and Marcel Coudari, two Frenchmen were released by the captors that held them in Lebanon.

● 1988 - The U.S. Department of Energy announced that Texas would be the home of the atom-smashing super-collider. The project was cancelled by a vote of the U.S. Congress in Oct. 1993.

● 1989 - After ruling for 33 years , Bulgarian Communist Party leader Todor Zhivkov is replaced by foreign minister Petar Mladenov, who in 1990 changes the party's name to Bulgarian Socialist Party.

● 1990 - Chandra Shekhar was sworn in as India's new prime minister.

● 1991 - Robert Maxwell was buried in Israel, five days after his body was recovered off the Canary Islands.

● 1993 - John Wayne Bobbitt was acquitted on the charge of marital sexual assault against his wife who sexually mutilated him. Lorena Bobbitt was later acquitted of malicious wounding her husband.

● 1993 - The U.S. House of Representatives passed the Brady Bill, which called for a five-day waiting period for handgun purchases.

● 1994 - U.S. officials announced that it planned to stop enforcing the arms embargo against the Bosnian government the following week. The U.N. Security Council was opposed to lifting the ban.

● 1994 - Iraq formally recognizes nation of Kuwait in the hope that the action would end trade sanctions.

● 1995 - In Nigeria, playwright and environmental activist Ken Saro-Wiwa along with eight others from the Movement for the Survival of the Ogoni People (Mosop) are hanged by the illegal military government of Nigeria despite worldwide pleas for clemency. Clinton administration refuses to pursue sanctions.

● 1995 - In Katmandu, Nepal, searchers rescued 549 hikers after a massive avalanche struck the Himalayan foothills. The disaster left 24 tourists and 32 Nepalese dead.

● 1996 - Dan Marino (Miami Dolphins) became the first quarterback in NFL history to pass for more than 50,000 yards.

● 1997 - WorldCom and MCI Communications announce a $37 billion merger (the largest merger in US history at the time).

● 1997 - A jury in Fairfax, Virginia finds Mir Aimal Kasi guilty of the murder of two CIA employees in 1993.

● 1997 - A judge in Cambridge, Mass., reduced Louise Woodward's second-degree murder to involuntary manslaughter and the sentence of the English au pair reduced from life in prison to the 279 days time served, in the baby-shaking death of 8-month-old Matthew Eappen. She had been found guilty less than two weeks earlier in the death.

● 1998 - At the White House, U.S. Vice President Al Gore unveiled "The Virtual Wall" website (www.thevirtualwall.org) that enables visitors to experience The Vietnam War Memorial Wall through the Internet.

● 1999 - Ted Danson received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame.

● 2001 - Despite an official ban on such demonstrations, tens of thousands of Germans participate in four days of protests and direct actions to block the shipment of high-level nuclear waste from France across the country to a storage site at Gorleben.

● 2001 - The World Trade Organization (WTO) approved China's membership.

● 2001 - The musical "Lady Diana - A Smile Charms the World" opened in Germany.

● 2002 - A tornado outbreak hits the Upper Ohio Valley leading to several deaths.

● 2004 - Yusuf Islam (formerly known as Cat Stevens) was awarded the "Man for Peace" prize in Rome at the opening of a meeting of Nobel Peace Prize laureates.

● 2004 - President George W. Bush nominated White House counsel Alberto “We Can Torture” Gonzales to be attorney general of the United States, succeeding John “No One Can Dance” Ashcroft.

● 2004 - Mozilla Firefox is released.

BIRTHS

● 745 - Musa al-Kazim, Shia Imam (d. 799)

● 1341 - Henry Percy, 1st Earl of Northumberland, English statesman (d. 1408)

● 1433 - Charles, Duke of Burgundy (d. 1477)

● 1483 - Martin Luther in Eisleben, Germany, German protestant reformer (d. 1546)

● 1565 - Laurentius Paulinus Gothus, Swedish theologian and astronomer (d. 1646)

● 1566(67? NYT) - Robert Devereux, 2nd Earl of Essex, English politician and soldier (d. 1601)

● 1577 - Jacob Cats, Dutch poet, jurist and politician (d. 1660)

● 1668 - Louis III, Prince of Condé (d. 1710)

● 1668 - François Couperin, French composer (d. 1733)

● 1683 - George II of Great Britain (d. 1760)

● 1695 - John Bevis, English physician and astronomer (d. 1771)

● 1697 - William Hogarth, English artist (d. 1764)

● 1710 - Adam Gottlob Moltke, Danish statesman (d. 1792)

● 1728(30? NYT) - Oliver Goldsmith, English playwright (d. 1774)

● 1735 - Granville Sharp, English campaigner for the abolition of slavery (d. 1813)

● 1759 - Friedrich von Schiller, German writer (d. 1805)

● 1801 - Samuel Gridley Howe, American social reformer and educator (d. 1876)

● 1801 - Vladimir Dal, Russian lexicographer (d. 1872)

● 1845 - Sir John Sparrow David Thompson, fourth Prime Minister of Canada (d. 1894)

● 1850 - Arthur Goring Thomas, English composer

● 1851 - Francis Maitland Balfour, British zoologist and embryologist (d. 1882)

● 1868 - Gichin Funakoshi, Father of Japanese Shotokan Karatedo (d. 1957)

● 1871 - Winston Churchill, American novelist (d. 1947)

● 1878 - Cy Morgan, baseball player (d. 1962)

● 1879 - Vachel Lindsay, American poet (d. 1931)

● 1880 - Jacob Epstein, American-born sculptor (d. 1959)

● 1887 - Arnold Zweig, German author (d. 1968)

● 1888 - Andrei Tupolev, Russian aircraft designer (d. 1972)

● 1889 - Claude Rains, English actor (d. 1967)

● 1890 - El Lissitzky, American artist (d. 1941)

● 1893 - John Phillips Marquand, American writer (d. 1960)

● 1895 - John Knudsen Northrop, American airplane designer and manufacturer (d. 1981)

● 1896 - Jimmie Dykes, baseball player and manager (d. 1976)

● 1907 - Jane Froman, American actor and singer (d. 1980)

● 1909 - Paweł Jasienica, Polish historian (d. 1970)

● 1912 - Birdie Tebbetts, baseball player and manager (d. 1999)

● 1918 - Ernst Otto Fischer, German chemist, Nobel Prize laureate

● 1919 - Mikhail Timofeevich Kalashnikov, Russian inventor

● 1919 - Moise Tshombe, Prime Minister of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (d. 1969)

● 1920 - Rafael del Pino, Spanish entrepreneur

● 1924 - Russell Johnson, Actor (''Gilligan's Island'')

● 1925 - Richard Burton, Welsh stage and film actor, one of the greatest speaking voices of all time (d. 1984)

● 1928 - Ennio Morricone, Italian film composer

● 1932 - Roy Scheider, American actor (''Jaws'')

● 1935 - Igor Dmitrievich Novikov, Russian astrophisicist

● 1937 - Albert Hall, Actor

● 1939 - Allan Moffat, Canadian-Australian race car driver

● 1940 - Bobby Rush, Blues singer

● 1940 - Russell Means, American activist

● 1940 - Screaming Lord Sutch, English musician and politician

● 1941 - Kyu Sakamoto, Japanese singer and actor (d. 1985)

● 1942 - Robert F. Engle, American economist, Nobel laureate

● 1942 - Hans-Rudolf Merz, Swiss Federal Councilor

● 1943 - Saxby Chambliss, U.S. senator, R-GA.

● 1944 - Silvestre Reyes, American politician

● 1944 - Sir Tim Rice, English lyricist (“Jesus Christ Superstar”)

● 1946 - Alaina Reed-Hall, Actress

● 1947 - Greg Lake, British rock singer-musician (Emerson, Lake and Palmer)

● 1947 - Glen Buxton, American musician (Alice Cooper) (d. 1997)

● 1948 - Hugh Moffatt, Country music songwriter

● 1949 - Ann Reinking, American actress-dancer

● 1951 - Jack Scalia, Actor

● 1952 - Gerry DiNardo, American football coach

● 1953 - Roland Emmerich, Director

● 1955 - Jack Clark, baseball player

● 1956 - Matt Craven, Actor

● 1956 - Sinbad, American actor

● 1958 - Massimo Morsello, Italian singer

● 1958 - Brooks Williams, American musician

● 1959 - Linda Cohn, American sports reporter

● 1959 - Mackenzie Phillips, American actress (''One Day at a Time'')

● 1960 - Neil Gaiman, English writer

● 1964 - Kenny Rogers, baseball player

● 1964 - Michael Jai White, Actor

● 1965 - Eddie Irvine, Northern Irish racecar driver

● 1968 - Chris Cagle, Country singer

● 1968 - Tracy Morgan, Actor (''30 Rock,'' ''Saturday Night Live'')

● 1969 - Ellen Pompeo, American actress (''Grey's Anatomy'')

● 1969 - Jens Lehmann, German footballer

● 1969 - Faustino Asprilla, Colombian footballer

● 1970 - Warren G, American rapper-producer

● 1972 - Shawn Green, American baseball player

● 1973 - Patrik Berger, Czech footballer

● 1975 - Jim Adkins, American rock singer-musician (Jimmy Eat World)

● 1976 - Steffen Iversen, Norwegian footballer

● 1976 - Shefki Kuqi, Finnish footballer

● 1977 - Brittany Murphy, American actress

● 1977 - Matt Cepicky, American baseball player

● 1978 - Eve, American rapper (Sunil)

● 1978 - Kyla Cole Slovak adult actress

● 1979 - Chris Joannou, Rock musician (Silverchair)

● 1980 - Troy Bell Basketball player

● 1981 - Tony Blanco, American baseball player

● 1982 - Heather Matarazzo, Actress

● 1983 - Miranda Lambert, American country singer

● 1983 - Craig Smith, American basketball player

● 1984 - Kendrick Perkins, American basketball player

● 1985 - Giovonnie Samuels, American television actress

● 1986 - Josh Peck American actor

● 1987 - Mason Aguirre, American snowboarder

DEATHS

● 627 - Justus, Archbishop of Canterbury

● 1444 - King Vladislaus III of Varna is killed in battle (b. 1424)

● 1549 - Pope Paul III (b. 1468)

● 1596 - Peter Wentworth, English Puritan politician (b. 1530)

● 1605 - Ulisse Aldrovandi, Italian naturalist (b. 1522)

● 1617 - Barnabe Rich, English soldier and writer

● 1624 - Henry Wriothesley, 3rd Earl of Southampton, English patron of the theater (b. 1573)

● 1644 - Luís Vélez de Guevara, Spanish writer (b. 1579)

● 1673 - Michał Wiśniowiecki, King of Poland (b. 1640)

● 1727 - Alphonse de Tonty, French explorer and American settler (b. 1659)

● 1728 - Fyodor Apraksin, Russian admirals (b. 1661)

● 1772 - Pedro Antonio Joaquim Correa da Serra Garção, Portuguese poet (b. 1724)

● 1777 - Cornstalk, Shawnee chief

● 1808 - Guy Carleton, 1st Baron Dorchester, British soldier and Governor of Quebec (b. 1724)

● 1891 - Arthur Rimbaud, French poet, (b. 1854)

● 1909 - Renee Vivien, American poet (b. 1877)

● 1912 - Louis Cyr, Canadian strongman (b. 1863)

● 1938 - Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, founder and the first President of Turkey (b. 1881)

● 1975 - Ernest M. McSorley, Great Lakes Shipping Captain (b. 1912)

● 1982 - Leonid Brezhnev, ruler of the Soviet Union (b. 1906)

● 1985 - Pelle Lindbergh, Swedish hockey player (b. 1959)

● 1990 - Aurelio Monteagudo, baseball player (b. 1943)

● 1990 - Mário Schenberg, Brazilian physicist (b. 1914)

● 1991 - William Afflis, wrestler (b. 1929)

● 1994 - Carmen McRae, American singer (b. 1920)

● 1995 - Ken Saro-Wiwa, Nigerian writer and activist (b. 1941)

● 2001 - Ken Kesey, American author (''One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest'') (b. 1935)

● 2003 - Canaan Banana, first President of Zimbabwe (b. 1936)

● 2003 - Irv "Kup" Kupcinet, American columnist and television personality (b. 1912)

HOLIDAYS AND OBSERVANCES

● Roman Catholic Saints:
● - Pope Leo I the Great, Pope and Doctor of the Church
● - St. Andrew Avellino, confessor

● Ancient Latvia - Martini

● Turkey - Day of Remembrance of Ataturk

● Russia - Day of Militsiya (analogue of police in Russia)

● United States Marine Corps Birthday

● Argentina - Tradition Day


Click on this LINK to see original Wikipedia list with many having links with details.

Additional facts taken from:

On this day in the New York Times

The BBC’s Take on the day

On This Day Website

Geov Parrish's this Day in Radical History, things that happened on this day that you never had to memorize in school.

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