From 1793 - 1933, March 4 was Inauguration Day for the President of the United States. Beginning in 1937, Inauguration Day has been January 20.
Day of the week in surrounding years:
. . . .,1985,1991,1996,2002—MON—. . . .
1980,1986,. . . .,1997,2003—TUE—2008
1981,1987,1992,1998,. . . .—WED—2009
1982,. . . .,1993,1999,2004—THU—2010
1983,1988,1994,. . . .,2005—FRI—2011
. . . .,1989,1995,2000,2006—SAT—. . . .
1984,1990,. . . .,2001,2007—SUN—2012
PASCAL DATE INFORMATION
Easter Sunday for the Western Christian Church is defined as the first Sunday following the first full moon after the Spring Equinox. Lent is defined as the forty days prior to Easter not including Sundays thus Lent begins on Ash Wednesday, which is 46 days prior to Easter. Calculations for Ash Wednesday and Easter Sunday were performed for the 3774 years from 326 to 4099. For the year range 326 to 1582, dates are based on the Julian calendar. For years 1583 to 4099, dates are based on the Gregorian calendar. Ash Wednesday falls in a range of 36 days from February 4 to March 10. Easter Sunday falls in a range of 35 days from March 22 to April 25. The extra day in the Ash Wednesday range is February 29, which only occurs in leap years. February 29 only effects when Ash Wednesday occurs since it is well before the Spring Equinox and has no effect on the date for Easter Sunday. March 10 to March 21 is a twelve-day range that must occur in Lent no matter the timing of Easter Sunday. The entire range of 82 dates from February 4 to April 25 represents all dates with Pascal ramifications.
March 4 is the 30th possible date for Ash Wednesday. Ash Wednesday occurs on this date 136 times during the 3774 years calculated and is ranked 3rd/4th of the 36 dates.
It occurred on this date previously in the years:
330, 341, 352, 425, 431, 436, 515, 520, 526, 599, 610, 621, 683, 694, 705, 716, 767, 778, 789, 800, 862, 873, 884, 957, 963, 968, 1047, 1052, 1058, 1131, 1142, 1153, 1215, 1226, 1237, 1248, 1299, 1310, 1321, 1332, 1394, 1405, 1416, 1489, 1495, 1500, 1579, 1609, 1615, 1620, 1699, 1767, 1772, 1778, 1829, 1835, 1840, 1908, 1981, 1987, 1992
It will occur on this date in the future in the years:
2071, 2076, 2082, 2133, 2139, 2144, 2201, 2207, 2212, 2291, 2296, 2359, 2364, 2370, 2443, 2448, 2454, 2511, 2516, 2522, 2595, 2663, 2668, 2674, 2725, 2731, 2736, 2815, 2820, 2826, 2899, 2967, 2978, 2989, 3035, 3040, 3046, 3103, 3108, 3114, 3187, 3192, 3198, 3209, 3271, 3282, 3293, 3339, 3344, 3350, 3361, 3407, 3412, 3418, 3491, 3559, 3570, 3581, 3643, 3654, 3665, 3711, 3722, 3733, 3795, 3863, 3874, 3885, 3931, 3936, 3942, 4015, 4026, 4037, 4099
Best Liberal Quote of the Day: On Foreign Policy "Shared risks, shared burdens, shared benefits—it's not only a good motto for NATO, it's also a good prescription for America's role in the world." — Wesley Clark {This man, a former general in the US Army, is living proof that all US military are right wing wackos is a lie.}
Stupidest and/or Scariest Quote from the Right for the Day: On Do As I Say, Not As I Do "Kurt Cobain died of a drug-induced suicide, I just—he was a worthless shred of human debris." — Rush "Drug-Addled Gas Bag" Limbaugh, 4-8-94. lumberjackonliune.com.
Dumbest Thing Said for the Day: From the world of Sports "A day without newspapers is like walking around without your pants on." — Jerry Coleman was an infielder for the Yankees (what is it about the Bronx Bombers that turned out such a raft of funny speakers?), and manager of the San Diego Padres. After playing, he made his mark as a radio and TV broadcaster, where his malapropisms, non sequiturs, and other goofs became legendary. Coleman is Hall of Shame member #8.
{Disclaimer: I have attempted to give credit to the many different sources that I get entries. Any failure to do so is unintentional. Any statement enclosed by brackets like these are the opinion of the blogger, A Proud Liberal.}
MOON PHASE
Berkeley, California—Times are Pacific Standard Time (PST)
Mar 4, 2008 2:00 AM Name: Waning Crescent Percent of Full: 12% Age: 89% Rise: 4:58 AM Set: 3:04 PM
Surprise, Arizona—Times are Mountain Standard Time (MST)
Mar 4, 2008 2:00 AM Name: Waning Crescent Percent of Full: 13% Age: 88% Rise: 5:07 AM Set: 3:33 PM
Iowa City, Iowa—Times are Central Standard Time (CST)
Mar 4, 2008 2:00 AM Name: Waning Crescent Percent of Full: 13% Age: 88% Rise: 5:04 AM Set: 2:45 PM
Cambridge, Massachusetts—Times are Eastern Standard Time (EST)
Mar 4, 2008 2:00 AM Name: Waning Crescent Percent of Full: 13% Age: 88% Rise: 4:42 AM Set: 2:17 PM
NASA ASTRONOMY PICTURE OF THE DAY
NGC 6334: The Cat's Paw Nebula
Credit & Copyright: T. A. Rector (U. Alaska), T. Abbott, NOAO, AURA, NSF
Click picture to go to NASA APOD site for full explanation
EVENTS
● 51 - Nero, later to become Roman Emperor, is given the title princeps iuventutis (head of the youth).
● 303 or 304 - Martyrdom of Saint Adrian of Nicomedia.
● 852 - Croatian Duke Trpimir I issued a statute, a document with the first known written mention of the Croats name in Croatian sources.
● 932 - Translation of the relics of martyr Wenceslaus I, Duke of Bohemia, Prince of the Czechs.
● 1152 - Frederick I Barbarossa is elected King of the Germans.
● 1215 - King John of England makes an oath to the Pope as a crusader to gain the support of Innocent III.
● 1238 - The Battle of the Sit River was fought in the northern part of the present-day Yaroslavl Oblast of Russia between the Mongol Hordes of Batu Khan and the Russians under Yuri II of Vladimir-Suzdal during the Mongol invasion of Russia.
● 1275 - Chinese astronomers observe a total eclipse of the sun.
● 1351 - Ramathibodi becomes King of Siam.
● 1386 - Władysław II Jagiełło (Jogaila) was crowned King of Poland.
● 1461 - Wars of the Roses in England: Lancastrian King Henry VI is deposed by his Yorkist cousin, who then becomes King Edward IV.
● 1492 - King James IV of Scotland concludes an alliance with France against England.
● 1493 - Explorer Christopher Columbus arrives back in Lisbon, Portugal aboard his ship Niña from his discovery voyage to America. He returned to Spain on March 15.
● 1519 - Hernan Cortes arrives in Mexico in search of the Aztec civilization and their wealth.
● 1570 - King Philip II of Spain bans foreign Dutch students.
● 1590 - Mauritius of Nassau's ship reaches Breda
● 1611 - George Abbot is appointed Archbishop of Canterbury.
● 1621 - Jakarta, Java is renamed Batavia.
● 1629 - Massachusetts Bay Colony, which had the role of colonizing the Americas, is granted a Royal charter.
● 1634 - Samuel Cole opens the first tavern in Boston, Massachusetts.
● 1665 - English King Charles II declares war on The Netherlands which marked the start of the Second Anglo-Dutch War.
● 1675 - John Flamsteed appointed first Astronomer Royal of England.
● 1681 - Charles II of England grants a land charter to William Penn for the area that will later become Pennsylvania.
● 1699 - Jews are expelled from Lubeck Germany
● 1712 - Jane Wenham ("A witch and a bitch") tried for talking to her cat and for flying. The last witchcraft trial in England.
● 1738 - Moravian missionary Peter Bohler, 26, advised future English founder of Methodism John Wesley, 34: 'Preach faith until you have it; and then, because you have it, you will preach faith.'
● 1741 - English fleet under Admiral Ogle reaches Cartagena
● 1766 - The British Parliament repealed the Stamp Act, which had caused bitter and violent opposition in the U.S. colonies.
● 1774 - First sighting of Orion Nebula by William Herschel.
● 1776 - The American War of Independence: The Americans capture "Dorchester Heights" dominating the port of Boston, Massachusetts.
● 1778 - The Continental Congress voted to ratify both the Treaty of Amity and Commerce and the Treaty of Alliance with France. The two treaties were the first entered into by the United States government.
● 1789 - In New York City, the first U.S. Congress meets and declares the new Constitution of the United States is in effect (9 senators, 13 representatives).
● 1790 - France is divided into 83 départements, which cut across the former provinces in an attempt to dislodge regional loyalties based on noble ownership of land.
● 1791 - 1st Jewish member of US Congress, Israel Jacobs (Pennsylvania), takes office
● 1791 - A Constitutional Act is introduced by the British House of Commons in London which envisages the separation of Canada into Lower Canada (Quebec) and Upper Canada (Ontario).
● 1791 - President Washington calls the US Senate into its 1st special session
● 1791 - Vermont is admitted as the 14th U.S. state.
● 1792 - Oranges were introduced into Hawaii.
● 1793 - French troops conquer Geertruidenberg, Netherlands.
● 1793 - President Washington's 2nd inauguration, shortest speech (133 words)
● 1794 - The 11th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution was passed by the U.S. Congress. The Amendment limited the jurisdiction of the federal courts to automatically hear cases brought against a state by the citizens of another state. Later interpretations expanded this to include citizens of the state being sued, as well.
● 1797 - In the first ever peaceful transfer of power between elected leaders in modern times, John Adams is sworn in as President of the United States, succeeding George Washington.
● 1798 - Catholic women force to do penance for kindling sabbath fire for Jews
● 1801 - 1st President inaugurated in Washington DC (Thomas Jefferson)
● 1804 - The Battle of Vinegar Hill, colony of New South Wales (Australia), when Irish convicts (some of whom had been involved in Ireland’s Battle of Vinegar Hill in 1798) led the colony’s only significant convict uprising.
● 1804 - The British and Foreign Bible Society (BFBS) was founded at a large interdenominational meeting in London. Its purpose was "to promote the circulation of the Holy Scriptures, without note or comment, both at home and in foreign lands."
● 1809 - Madison becomes 1st President inaugurated in American-made clothes
● 1813 - Russian troops fighting the army of Napoleon reach Berlin in Germany and the French garrison evacuate the city without a fight.
● 1814 - Americans defeat the British at the Battle of Longwoods between London and Thamesville near present-day Wardsville, Ontario.
● 1824 - The "National Institution for the Preservation of Life from Shipwreck" was founded in the United Kingdom, later to be renamed The Royal National Lifeboat Institution in 1858.
● 1825 - John Quincy Adams inaugrated as 6th President
● 1826 - 1st US RR chartered, Granite Railway in Quincy MA
● 1829 - Andrew Jackson inaugurated as 7th President
● 1829 - Unruly crowd mobs White House during President Jackson inaugural ball {Jackson joined mob in drinking.}
● 1835 - HMS Beagle moves into Bay of Concepción
● 1837 - Chicago is granted a city charter by Illinois.
● 1837 - Martin Van Buren inaugrated as 8th President
● 1841 - Pres. William Henry Harrison caught a fatal cold while standing hatless in the drizzle at his own Presidential inauguration. Longest inauguration speech (8,443 words). A month later, he is the first U.S. president to die in office. {That long speech was of little help.}
● 1845 - James K Polk inaugrated as 11th President
● 1848 - Carlo Alberto di Savoia signs the Statuto Albertino that will later represent the first constitution of the Regno d'Italia
● 1849 - Zachary Taylor refuses to be sworn in office as 12th President of the United States on a Sabbath (Sunday). Urban legend instead holds that the office of President of the United States is vacant for a single day and that David Rice Atchison, President pro tempore of the United States Senate was President de jure that day. However, Taylor was president despite not taking the oath.
● 1850 - Future statesman James A. Garfield, at age 18, was "buried with Christ in baptism." Thirty-one years, to the day! after his conversion, Garfield took the oath of office as 20th President of the United States.
● 1853 - An oncoming mail train shatters the rear car of a stalled Pennsylvania Railroad emigrant train in the Allegheny Mountains near Mount Union, Pennsylvania, killing seven. This was the highest single U.S. accident toll up to this time.
● 1853 - Pope Pius IX recovers Roman Catholic hierarchy in Netherlands.
● 1853 - William Rufus de Vane King (D) sworn in as 13th US Vice President
● 1859 - Charter of the French Opera House in New Orleans is granted, which opens on December 1 of the same year with a gala performance of Rossini's "William Tell".
● 1861 - Confederate States adopt "Stars and Bars" flag, on the same day that Abraham Lincoln is inaugurated as 16th President of the United States.
● 1861 - Lincoln inaugurated as 16th President; 1st time US has 5 former Presidents living
● 1861 - President Lincoln opens Government Printing Office.
● 1863 - Battle of Thompson's Station, Tennessee
● 1863 - Territory of Idaho established.
● 1865 - President Lincoln inaugurated for his 2nd term as President
● 1865 - Third (and last) national flag of the Confederate States of America adopted.
● 1869 - Ulysses Grant inaugurated as 18th President
● 1876 - US Congress decides to impeach Minister of War Belknap
● 1877 - Emile Berliner invents the microphone.
● 1880 - New York Daily Graphic publishes the first half-tone engraving.
● 1881 - California becomes 1st state to pass plant quarantine legislation
● 1881 - Eliza Ballou Garfield became the first mother of a U.S. President to live in the executive mansion.
● 1881 - James A Garfield inaugurated as 20th President
● 1881 - South African President Kruger accepts ceasefire
● 1882 - Birth of Joseph Spivak, Uman, Russia. Lifelong anarchist who emigrated to the U.S. and during WWI was actively involved around the country in anti-militarist campaigns with Emma Goldman and Alexander Berkman.
● 1882 - Britain's first electric trams run in East London.
● 1885 - Grover Cleveland inaugurated as 1st Democratic President since Civil War
● 1887 - 23-year-old William Randolph Hearst buys the San Francisco Examiner, and starts to build the Hearst newspaper empire.
● 1887 - Gottlieb Daimler unveils his first automobile which he test runs in Esslingen and Cannstatt, Germany.
● 1888 - Knute Rockne, who changed the strategy of football as coach at Notre Dame, was born.
● 1889 - Benjamin Harrison inaugurated as 23rd President, he is the grandson of William Henry Harrison, president for 30 days forty-eight years earlier.
● 1890 - The longest bridge in the United Kingdom, the Forth Bridge (railway) (1,710 ft) in Scotland is opened by the Prince of Wales, who later became King Edward VII.
● 1891 - The International Copyright Act, halting the piracy of British, Belgium, French, and Swiss books by U.S. publishers, is passed by Congress.
● 1893 - Congo Free State: The army of Francis, Baron Dhanis attacks the Lualaba, enabling him to transport his troops across the Upper Congo and, capture Nyangwe almost without an effort.
● 1893 - Grover Cleveland (D) inaugrated as 24th US President (2nd term). He is only man to serve non-consecutive terms as president.
● 1894 - Great fire in Shanghai. Over 1,000 buildings are destroyed.
● 1897 - William McKinley inaugurated as 25th President of US
● 1899 - Cyclone Mahina sweeps in north of Cooktown, Queensland, with a 12 m wave that reaches up to 5 km inland - over 300 dead.
● 1901 - 1st advanced copy of inaugural speech (Jefferson-National Intelligencer)
● 1901 - President William McKinley inaugurated for 2nd term as President
● 1901 - Term of George H White, last of post-Reconstruction congressmen, ends
● 1902 - In Chicago, the American Automobile Association is established.
● 1904 - Russo-Japanese War: Russian troops in Korea retreat toward Manchuria followed by 100,000 Japanese troops.
● 1905 - Theodore Roosevelt was sworn in for his second term (first full term, he became president after McKinley was assassinated shortly after inauguration in 1901) as president.
● 1906 - Rosa Luxemburg is arrested and imprisoned at the Warsaw Citadel for revolutionary activities in Warsaw.
● 1907 - Louis Botha is appointed Prime Minister of the Transvaal, South Africa.
● 1908 - France notified signatories of Algeciras that it would send troops to Chaouia, Morocco.
● 1908 - The Collinwood School Fire, Collinwood near Cleveland, Ohio, kills 174 people.
● 1908 - The New York board of education banned the act of whipping students in school.
● 1909 - President Taft inaugrated as 27th President during 10" snowstorm
● 1909 - President William Taft approves Congressional Gold Medals for the Wright brothers.
● 1909 - US prohibits interstate transportation of game birds
● 1910 - Industrial Workers of the World (IWW) begins Spokane, Wash. free speech fight (which they win).
● 1911 - Victor Berger (Wisconsin) becomes the first socialist congressman in U.S..
● 1912 - Suffragettes, walking single file in Knightsbridge, London, smash every window they pass to protest government inaction.
● 1913 - First U.S. law regulating the shooting of migratory birds passed.
● 1913 - The United States Department of Commerce and United States Department of Labor are established by splitting the duties of the 10-year-old Department of Commerce and Labor.
● 1913 - Woodrow Wilson inaugurated as 28th President
● 1914 - Doctor Fillatre successfully separated Siamese twins.
● 1917 - Grand Duke Michael Alexandrovich of Russia's renunciation of the throne is made public, and Tsar Nicholas II of Russia publicly issues his abdication manifesto. The victory of the February Revolution.
● 1917 - Jeannette Rankin of Montana, first U.S. Congresswoman, begins term. Rankin becomes the only Congressperson to vote against U.S. entry into both World Wars. Well into her advanced years, she also led protests against the war in Vietnam.
● 1918 - Terek Autonomous Republic established in RSFSR (until 1921)
● 1920 - Last day of Julian civil calendar in Greece
● 1921 - E. M. Forster sets out on a passage to India to assume his duties as secretary to the Maharaja of the state of Dewas Senior.
● 1921 - Hot Springs National Park created in Arkansas.
● 1922 - Tippeerary, Ireland gas workers seize their plant, hoist red flag.
● 1923 - Lenin's last article about Red bureaucracy was published in Pravda.
● 1925 - Calvin Coolidge becomes the first President of the United States to have his inauguration broadcast on radio.
● 1925 - Swain's Island (near American Samoa) annexed by US
● 1926 - The government of Dirk Jan de Geer takes office in The Netherlands.
● 1929 - Charles Curtis becomes the first native-American Vice President.
● 1929 - Herbert Hoover inaugurated as 31st President
● 1930 - Blaze levels hangar at Atlanta Airport, destroying twenty aircraft
● 1930 - Coolidge Dam in Arizona dedicated
● 1930 - Terrible floods ransack Languedoc and the surrounds in south-west France, resulting in twelve departments being submerged by water and causing the death of over 700 people.
● 1931 - The British Viceroy of India, Governor-General Edward Frederick Lindley Wood and Mohandas Gandhi (Mahatma Gandhi) meet to sign an agreement envisaging the release of political prisoners and allowing that salt is freely used by the poorest layers of the population.
● 1933 - Bertha Wilson is appointed as first woman to sit on the Supreme Court of Canada.
● 1933 - FDR inaugrated as 32nd President, pledges to pull US out of Depression & says "We have nothing to fear but fear itself"
● 1933 - Frances Perkins becomes United States Secretary of Labor, first female member of the United States Cabinet.
● 1933 - The Parliament of Austria is suspended because of a quibble over procedure - Chancellor Engelbert Dollfuss initiates authoritarian rule by decree.
● 1936 - First flight of airship Hindenburg, Germany.
● 1937 - UAW workers win sit-down strike victory in Flint, Michigan, forcing General Motors to recognize them. The 40-day action at Fisher Body Plant Number One had become the longest sit-down strike in history. Employees inside were protected by 5,000 armed workers circling the plant. After police tear-gassed attacks, workers fought back with firehoses. The gunfire wounded 13 workers, but the police were driven back. By the time the National Guard arrived, the strike had spread to GM plants across the nation.
● 1941 - 18 Geuzen resistance fighters sentenced to death in The Hague
● 1941 - Adolf Hitler applies pressure on Yugoslavia to join the Tripartite Pact during visit by Serbian Prince Paul.
● 1941 - The United Kingdom launches Operation Claymore on the Lofoten Islands, during World War II.
● 1942 - Birth of Gloria Gaither, wife of songwriter Bill Gaither, and female vocalist in the Bill Gaither Trio. Gloria is also co-author of the contemporary Christian songs, "Because He Lives," "Something Beautiful" and "The King is Coming."
● 1943 - Transport number 50 departs with French Jews to Maidanek/Sobibor
● 1944 - First U.S. daylight bombing of Berlin and Anti-Germany strikes in northern Italy.
● 1944 - In Ossining, New York, Louis Buchalter, the leader of 1930s crime syndicate Murder, Inc., is executed at Sing Sing.
● 1945 - In the United Kingdom, Princess Elizabeth, later to become Queen Elizabeth II, joins the British Army as a driver.
● 1945 - Lapland War: Finland declares war on Nazi Germany.
● 1946 - C.G.E. Mannerheim resigns from the post of President of Finland.
● 1946 - Canada reported that it had uncovered a spy ring that had been organized by the Soviet Embassy in Ottawa. All four people accused admitted to being involved.
● 1946 - The United States, France and the United Kingdom launch a call with the Spaniards in favour of the inversion of the pro-Franco mode.
● 1947 - France and Britain signed an alliance treaty.
● 1948 - The first American civilian (Herbert Henry Hoover) flies at supersonic speeds in Bell X-1 in Muroc, California.
● 1949 - Andrei Vishinsky succeeds Molotov as Soviet Foreign minister
● 1949 - Security Council of United Nations recommends membership for Israel.
● 1952 - U.S. President Harry Truman dedicated the "Courier," the first seagoing radio broadcasting station.
● 1954 - JE Wilkins, appointed 1st Black US sub-cabinet member
● 1954 - Peter Bent Brigham Hospital in Boston, Massachusetts, announces the first successful kidney transplant.
● 1954 - U.S. warns Latin America against international communism.
● 1955 - First radio facsimile transmission is sent across the continent of America.
● 1957 - The S&P 500 stock market index is introduced, replacing the S&P 90.
● 1959 - U.S. Pioneer 4 misses Moon and becomes the second (U.S. first) artificial planet.
● 1960 - French freighter 'La Coubre' explodes in Havana, Cuba killing 100. Fidel Castro blames the U.S. {Fidel also "Remember(s) the Maine"}
● 1960 - It is revealed, in connection with the current congressional investigation into payola, that FCC Chairman John Doerfer took a six-day trip to Florida courtesy of Storer Broadcasting.
● 1961 - Paul-Henri Spaak resigns as Secretary-General of NATO
● 1962 - United States Atomic Energy Commission announces that the first atomic power plant at McMurdo Station in Antarctica is in operation.
● 1963 - In Paris six people are sentenced to death for conspiring to assassinate President Charles de Gaulle.
● 1964 - Jimmy Hoffa, President of the Teamsters, is convicted by a Federal jury of tampering with a Federal jury.
● 1966 - Canadian Pacific Air Lines DC-8-43 explodes on landing at Tokyo International Airport, killing 64 people.
● 1966 - London's "Evening Standard" newspaper published an interview with Beatle John Lennon in which he remarked: 'Christianity will... vanish and shrink... We're more popular than Jesus Christ right now.' The quote touched off a storm of international protest, resulting in burnings and boycotts of the Beatles' records.
● 1967 - The first North Sea gas is pumped ashore at Easington, County Durham by BP (British Petroleum).
● 1968 - Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. announces he will lead a Poor People's March on Washington in April.
● 1968 - Orbiting Geophysical Observatory 5 launched
● 1969 - Kray twins guilty of McVitie murder; The Kray twins, Ronald and Reginald, face life sentences after being found guilty of murder at the Central Criminal Court.
● 1969 - S.S. Yukon, carrying 150,000 barrels of oil, hits a submerged object and spilled its cargo into Cook Inlet, Alaska.
● 1969 - Union of Concerned Scientists founded.
● 1970 - French submarine Eurydice explodes.
● 1970 - Puerto Rican student killed by police during a demonstration against the Vietnam War.
● 1971 - "City Command" kidnaps 4 US military men at Ankara, Turkey
● 1972 - A Libyan-Soviet accord is agreed for the development of Libyan oil reserves.
● 1972 - Last train run between Penrith to Keswick UK
● 1972 - Two killed, 136 injured by IRA bomb in restaurant, Belfast, Northern Ireland.
● 1974 - Harold Wilson becomes British Prime Minister following the resignation of his predecessor Edward Heath.
● 1974 - The Rio-Niterói Bridge connecting the cities of Rio de Janeiro and Niterói in Brazil is opened.
● 1975 - Comic genius Chaplin is knighted; Silent film legend Charlie Chaplin has become Sir Charles after a ceremony at Buckingham Palace.
● 1975 - The first television coverage of a Canadian parliamentary committee is broadcast.
● 1976 - The Maguire Seven are found guilty of the offence of possessing explosives and are subsequently jailed for 14 years. Their convictions are later quashed.
● 1976 - The Northern Ireland Constitutional Convention is formally dissolved in Northern Ireland resulting in direct rule of Northern Ireland from London via the British parliament.
● 1977 - First CRAY 1 supercomputer shipped, to Los Alamos Laboratories, New Mexico.
● 1977 - The 1977 Bucharest Earthquake in southern and eastern Europe kills more than 1,500.
● 1978 - Chicago Daily News, founded in 1875, publishes its last issue.
● 1978 - Forty thousand demonstrate against uranium enrichment plant, Almelo, Netherlands.
● 1979 - The first encyclical written by Pope John Paul II, Redemptor Hominis (Latin for "The Redeemer of Man") is promulgated less than five months after his installation as pope.
● 1979 - The Ugandan capital of Kampala is threatened by invading Tanzanian forces.
● 1979 - U.S. Voyager I photo reveals Jupiter's rings.
● 1980 - Nationalist leader Robert Mugabe wins a sweeping election victory to become Zimbabwe's first black prime minister.
● 1982 - NASA launches "Intelsat V".
● 1985 - STS 51-E vehicle rolls back to Vandenberg AFB; mission cancelled
● 1985 - The Food and Drug Administration approves a blood test for AIDS, used since then for screening all blood donations in the United States.
● 1985 - U.S. Supreme Court upholds right of Oneida nation of New York to sue for lands illegally taken in 1795.
● 1985 - Virtual ban on leaded gas ordered by EPA
● 1986 - Launch of the UK's Today tabloid newspaper (now defunct), pioneering the use of computer photosetting and full-colour offset printing at a time when British national newspapers are still using Linotype machines and letterpress.
● 1987 - U.S. President Ronald Reagan addresses the American nation on the Iran-Contra Affair, acknowledging his overtures to Iran had “deteriorated” into an arms-for-hostages deal.
● 1988 - Building of the Louvre Pyramid begins at the Napoleon court of the Louvre, in Paris, France.
● 1989 - Eastern Airlines machinists strike
● 1989 - Six people die and 80 are injured, some of them seriously, at the Purley Station rail crash in Surrey, England.
● 1990 - Space Shuttle program: STS-36 (Space Shuttle Atlantis) U.S. 65th manned space mission returns from space.
● 1991 - Bank of Credit and Commerce International divests itself of First American National Bank.
● 1991 - In Iraq, Saddam Hussein releases 6 U.S., 3 British and 1 Italian prisoners of war.
● 1991 - Most primitive form of World Wide Web is put online.
● 1991 - Sheik Saad Al-Abdallah Al-Salim Al-Sabah, the Prime Minister of Kuwait, returned to his country for the first time since Iraq's invasion. {All the government heads fled well ahead of Iraq's troops but those who stay and resist are branded the cowards and the fleers, heroes.}
● 1991 - The Soviet parliament in Moscow, Russia ratifies a six-nation treaty on German unification.
● 1993 - Authorities announced the arrest of Mohammad Salameh. He was later convicted for his role in the World Trade Center Bombing in New York City.
● 1994 - Bosnia's Croats and Moslems sign an agreement to form a federation in a loose economic union with Croatia.
● 1994 - Four terrorists are convicted for their roles in the World Trade Center bombing which killed six and injured more than a thousand. {This is four more than have been convicted of participation in the attacks on September 11, 2001.}
● 1994 - Space shuttle STS-62 (Columbia 16) launches into orbit.
● 1995 - Blind teenage boy receives a 'Bionic Eye' at a Washington Hospital
● 1996 - A train carrying propane and sodium hydroxide derails in Weyauwega, Wisconsin and catches fire. 2,200 homes near the accident site are evacuated for 16 days.
● 1996 - Comet Hyakutake was imaged by the USA Asteroid Orbiter NEAR, (Near Earth Asteroid Rendezvous).
● 1997 - Brazil Senate allows women to wear slacks
● 1997 - Comet Hale-Bopp flies directly above the Sun (1.04 AU).
● 1997 - US President Bill Clinton bans federally funded human cloning research.
● 1997 - Zeya Start-1 launched (Russia)
● 1998 - Ford sued for compensation for using 10,000 slave laborers supplied by Hitler's regime.
● 1998 - Gay rights: Oncale v. Sundowner Offshore Services: The Supreme Court of the United States rules that federal laws banning on-the-job sexual harassment also apply when both parties are the same sex.
● 1998 - Government, naval and university computers running Windows NT across the United States crash as a result of a hacker. The crash affects computers running at MIT, Northwestern University, the University of Minnesota, and the University of California campuses at Berkeley, Irvine, Los Angeles, and San Diego. Microsoft repaired the software that apparently allowed hackers to shut down computers in government and university offices nationwide.
● 1999 - In a military court, Captain Richard Ashby of the United States Marines is acquitted of the charge of reckless flying which resulted in the deaths of 20 skiers in the Italian Alps when his low-flying jet hit a gondola cable. {One might wonder why he wasn't tried in an Italian court!}
● 1999 - Monica Lewinsky's book about her affair with U.S. President Clinton went on sale in the U.S.
● 1999 - Retired Supreme Court Justice Harry A. Blackmun, who wrote the 1973 decision that legalized abortion, died in Arlington, Va., at age 90.
● 2001 - A massive car bomb explodes in front of the BBC Television Centre in London, seriously injuring 11 people. The attack was attributed to the Real IRA.
● 2001 - Hintze Ribeiro disaster, a bridge collapses in northern Portugal, killing up to 70 people.
● 2001 - Switzerland and the European Union: Swiss voters overwhelmingly reject a proposal for immediate membership talks with the European Union.
● 2002 - Canada bans human embryo cloning but permits government-funded scientists to use embryos left over from fertility treatment or abortions.
● 2002 - The moderate leader albanophone Ibrahim Rugova is elected President of Kosovo by the Parliament of the Serb province that had been under international control since 1999.
● 2002 - U.S. Attack on Afghanistan: Seven American Special Operations Forces soldiers are killed as they attempt to infiltrate the Shahi Kot Valley on a low-flying helicopter reconnaissance mission.
● 2003 - In the Indian-controlled portion of Kashmir, at least 9 people are killed and 52 are injured when a bus falls into a deep gorge.
● 2003 - In the southern Philippines, a bomb hidden in a backpack explodes and kills 21 people at an airport in Davao City.
● 2004 - The files of Supreme Court Justice Harry Blackmun are released to the public five years after his death.
● 2004 - The guilty verdict for Moroccan al-Qaeda suspect Mounir el Motassadeq's involvement in the September 11, 2001 attacks is overturned by the German appeals court, which orders a retrial.
● 2005 - Martha Stewart, imprisoned for five months for her role in a stock scandal, left federal prison to start five months of home confinement.
● 2005 - The car of released Italian hostage Giuliana Sgrena is fired on by US soldiers in Iraq, causing the death of an Italian Secret Service Agent and injuring two passengers including Sgrena herself.
● 2005 - United Nations warns that about 90 million Africans could be infected by the HIV virus in the future without further action against the spread of the disease. {This number is called into question because the standards for an AIDS diagnosis in Africa radically different than the rest of world, no screening for antibodies is performed and suffering from things like the flu will qualify one for an AIDS diagnosis.}
● 2006 - A new species of shark, Mustelus hacat, is discovered in Mexico's Sea of Cortez, bringing the number of Mustelus species found in the eastern North Pacific to 5.
● 2006 - Final contact attempt with Pioneer 10 by the Deep Space Network. No response was received.
● 2006 - Prince Sverre Magnus of Norway is christened by Bishop Ole Christian Kvarme at the chapel inside the Royal Palace, Oslo.
● 2006 - The central Papeete power station is damaged by a fire, resulting in limited power for some areas of Tahiti for a couple of weeks.
● 2007 - Estonian parliamentary election: Approximately 30,000 voters take advantage of electronic voting in Estonia, the world's first nationwide voting where part of the votecasting is allowed in the form of remote electronic voting via the Internet.
● 2007 - The first of two total lunar eclipses in 2007, observed during the early hours (penumbral eclipse ending 02:23:44 UT), was unique in that it was partly visible from every continent around the world.
BIRTHS
● 1188 - Blanche of Castile, wife of Louis VIII of France (d. 1252)
● 1394 - Henry the Navigator, Portuguese sponsor of voyages of exploration (d. 1460)
● 1492 - Francesco de Layolle, Italian composer (d. c.1540)
● 1525 - Giovanni Pierluigi da Palestrina, Italian composer of Renaissance music (d. 1594)
● 1610 - William Dobson, English portraitist and painter (d. 1646)
● 1651 - John Somers, 1st Baron Somers (d. 1716)
● 1665 - Philip Christoph von Königsmarck, Swedish soldier (d. 1694)
● 1678 - Antonio Vivaldi, Italian composer (d. 1741)
● 1702 - Jack Sheppard, English burglar and escapee (d. 1724)
● 1706 - Lauritz de Thurah, Danish architect and architectural writer (d. 1759)
● 1715 - James Waldegrave, 2nd Earl Waldegrave, British statesman (d. 1763)
● 1719 - George Pigot, Baron Pigot, British governor of Madras (d. 1777)
● 1745 - Charles Dibdin, English composer (d.1814)
● 1746 - Kazimierz Pułaski, American Revolutionary War general (d. 1779)
● 1756 - Sir Henry Raeburn, Scottish painter (d. 1823)
● 1781 - Rebecca Gratz, American educator and philanthropist (d. 1869)
● 1782 - Johann Rudolf Wyss, Swiss folklorist (d. 1830)
● 1792 - Samuel Slocum, American inventor (d. 1861)
● 1793 - Karl Lachmann, German philologist (d. 1851)
● 1817 - Edwards Pierrepont, American statesman, jurist and lawyer; 34th United States Attorney General (d. 1892)
● 1819 - Charles Oberthur, German-born harpist (d. 1895)
● 1822 - Jules Antoine Lissajous, French mathematician (d. 1880)
● 1826 - John Buford, American Civil War Union cavalry officer (d. 1863)
● 1826 - Theodore Judah, American railroad engineer (d. 1863)
● 1835 - John Hughlings Jackson, English neurologist (d. 1911)
● 1847 - Karl Bayer, Austrian chemist (d. 1904)
● 1854 - Sir Napier Shaw, British meteorologist (d. 1945)
● 1856 - Alfred William Rich, English painter (d. 1921)
● 1856 - Toru Dutt, English and French poet and author (d. 1877)
● 1859 - Alexander Stepanovich Popov, Russian physicist (d. 1905)
● 1862 - Jacob Robert Emden, Swiss astrophysicist and meteorologist (d. 1940)
● 1863 - Guilląme Furrét, Portuguese playwright and political activist (d. 1937)
● 1863 - John Henry Wigmore, American jurist and expert in the law of evidence (d. 1943)
● 1863 - Reginald Innes Pocock, British zoologist (d. 1947)
● 1864 - David Watson Taylor, U.S. Navy architect (d. 1940)
● 1870 - Thomas Sturge Moore, English poet (d. 1944)
● 1871 - Boris Galerkin, Russian mathematician (d. 1945)
● 1873 - Guy Wetmore Carryl, American humorist and poet (d. 1904)
● 1873 - John H. Trumbull, 54th Governor of the U.S. state of Connecticut (d. 1961)
● 1875 - Enrique Larreta, Argentine novelist (d. 1961)
● 1875 - Mihály Károlyi, former Prime Minister of Hungary and President of Hungary (d. 1955)
● 1876 - Léon-Paul Fargue, French poet (d. 1947)
● 1876 - Theodore Hardeen, Magician and stunt performer, founder of the Magician's Guild (d. 1945)
● 1877 - Alexander Fyodorovich Gedike, Russian composer (d. 1957)
● 1877 - Fritz Graebner, German ethnologist (d. 1934)
● 1877 - Garrett Morgan, American inventor (d. 1963)
● 1878 - Arishima Takeo, Japanese novelist, short-story writer and essayist (d. 1923)
● 1878 - Egbert Van Alstyne, American songwriter and pianist (d. 1951)
● 1878 - Peter D. Ouspensky, Russian philosopher (d. 1947)
● 1879 - Josip Murn Aleksandrov, Slovenian poet (d. 1901)
● 1880 - Channing Pollock, American playwright and critic (d. 1946)
● 1881 - Maude Fealy, American actor (d. 1971)
● 1881 - Richard C. Tolman, American mathematical physicist (d. 1948)
● 1881 - Thomas Sigismund Stribling, American writer (d. 1965)
● 1881 - Todor Aleksandrov, 19th century Bulgarian revolutionary (d. 1924)
● 1882 - Nicolae Titulescu, Romanian diplomat, government minister, and former President of the League of Nations (d. 1941)
● 1883 - Sam Langford, Canadian boxer (d. 1956)
● 1884 - Red Murray, American professional baseball player (d. 1958)
● 1886 - Paul Bazelaire, French cellist (d. 1958)
● 1887 - Violet MacMillan, American Broadway theatre actress (d. 1953)
● 1888 - Jeff Pfeffer, American professional baseball pitcher (d. 1972)
● 1888 - Knute Rockne, American football player and coach (d. 1931)
● 1889 - Oren E. Long, 10th Territorial Governor of Hawai'i (d. 1965)
● 1889 - Oscar Chisini, Italian mathematician (d. 1967)
● 1889 - Pearl Fay White, American actress (d. 1938)
● 1889 - Pearl White, American actress (d. 1938)
● 1891 - Dazzy Vance, American Major League Baseball pitcher (d. 1961)
● 1891 - Lois Wilson, founder of Al-Anon (d. 1988) {Wife of Bill Wilson co-founder of AA}
● 1895 - Bjarne Brustad, Norwegian violinist (d. 1978)
● 1895 - Milt Gross, American comic book illustrator (d. 1953)
● 1895 - Shemp Howard, American comedian (Three Stooges) (d. 1955)
● 1897 - Lefty O'Doul, American baseball player (d. 1969)
● 1898 - Georges Dumézil, French philologist (d. 1940)
● 1899 - Emilio Prados, Spanish poet and editor (d. 1962)
● 1900 - Herbert Biberman, American screenwriter (d. 1971)
● 1901 - Charles Goren, American bridge player and writer (d. 1991)
● 1901 - Jean Joseph Rabearivelo, Malagasy/French poet (d. 1937)
● 1903 - Dorothy Mackaill, British-born actress (d. 1990)
● 1903 - John Scarne, American magician (d. 1985)
● 1903 - Luis Carrero Blanco, Spanish statesman (d. 1973)
● 1903 - William C. Boyd, American immunochemist (d. 1983)
● 1904 - Chief Tahachee, American-born Old Settler Cherokee Indian stage and film actor (d. 1978)
● 1904 - George Gamow, Ukrainian-born physicist (d. 1968)
● 1904 - Joseph Schmidt Austrian-Hungarian tenor and actor (d. 1942)
● 1906 - Charles Rudolph Walgreen, Jr., American businessman (d. 2007)
● 1906 - Georges Ronsse, Belgian national cyclo-cross and world champion road bicycle racer (d. 1969)
● 1906 - Meindert DeJong American author (d. 1991)
● 1907 - Eleanor "Sis" Daley, wife of Chicago mayor Richard J. Daley (d. 2003)
● 1908 - T.R.M. Howard, American civil rights leader (d. 1976)
● 1909 - Harry Helmsley, American real estate entrepreneur (d. 1997)
● 1912 - Afro Basaldella, Italian painter (d. 1976)
● 1912 - Carl Marzani, American documentarian (d. 1994)
● 1912 - Judith Furse, British character actress (d. 1974)
● 1913 - John Garfield, American actor (d. 1952)
● 1913 - Taos Amrouche, Algerian writer and singer (d. 1976)
● 1913 - Willie Johnson, American guitarist (d. 1995)
● 1914 - Gino Colaussi (Luigi Colaussi), Italian footballer (d. 1991)
● 1914 - Robert R. Wilson, American physicist, sculptor and architect (d. 2000)
● 1914 - Ward Kimball, American cartoonist (d. 2002)
● 1915 - Carlos Surinach, Spanish composer (d. 1997)
● 1916 - Giorgio Bassani, Italian writer (d. 2000)
● 1916 - Hans Eysenck, German-born psychologist (d. 1997)
● 1916 - William Alland, American actor, producer, writer and director (d. 1997)
● 1917 - Clyde McCullough, American baseball player (d. 1982)
● 1918 - Margaret Osborne duPont, American tennis player
● 1919 - Buck Baker, American racecar driver (d. 2002)
● 1920 - Alan MacNaughtan, Scottish actor (d. 2002)
● 1920 - Jean Lecanuet, French politician (d. 1993)
● 1921 - Dinny Pails, Australian tennis player
● 1921 - Halim El-Dabh, Egyptian-born composer
● 1921 - Joan Greenwood, English actress (d. 1987)
● 1921 - Wilson Harris, Guyanese writer
● 1922 - Dina Pathak (Deena Pathak), Veteran Gujarati theatre and film actress (d. 2002)
● 1922 - Martha O'Driscoll, American film actress (d. 1998)
● 1922 - Richard E. Cunha, American cinematographer and film director (d. 2005)
● 1923 - Sir Patrick Moore, British astronomer
● 1924 - Kenneth O'Donnell, Aide to US President John F. Kennedy (d. 1977)
● 1925 - Paul Mauriat, French musician (d. 2006)
● 1926 - Don Rendell, English jazz musician and arranger
● 1926 - Fran Warren, American singer
● 1926 - James J. Eagan, Former Mayor of Florissant, Missouri (d. 2000)
● 1926 - Pascual Pérez, Argentine flyweight boxer (d. 1977)
● 1926 - Richard DeVos, American billionaire, co-founder of Amway
● 1927 - Cy Touff, American jazz musician (d. 2003)
● 1927 - Dick Savitt, American tennis player
● 1927 - Philip Batt, 29th Governor of the U.S. state of Idaho
● 1927 - Robert Orben, American magician
● 1927 - Thayer David, American actor (d. 1978)
● 1928 - Alan Sillitoe, English writer
● 1928 - Samuel Adler, American composer
● 1929 - Bernard Haitink, Dutch conductor
● 1929 - Josep Mestres Quadreny, Catalan composer
● 1931 - Alice Rivlin, American economist
● 1931 - Bob Johnson, American ice hockey coach (d. 1991)
● 1931 - Wally Bruner, American journalist and television host (d. 1997)
● 1931 - William Henry Keeler, American Roman Catholic Archbishop and Cardinal
● 1932 - Ed "Big Daddy" Roth, American car designer (d. 2001)
● 1932 - Frank Wells, American entertainment businessman (d. 1994)
● 1932 - Miriam Makeba, South African singer
● 1932 - Ryszard Kapuściński, Polish journalist (d. 2007)
● 1933 - Ann Burton, Dutch jazz singer (d. 1989)
● 1933 - John W Mills, British sculptor
● 1933 - Nino Vaccarella, former Italian sports car racing and Formula One driver
● 1934 - Anne Haney, American actress (d. 2001)
● 1934 - Barbara McNair, American singer and actress (d. 2007)
● 1934 - Gleb Yakunin, Russian priest and dissident
● 1934 - Janez Strnad, Slovenian physicist
● 1934 - John Duffey, American bluegrass musician (d. 1996)
● 1934 - Mario Davidovsky, Argentinian composer
● 1935 - Bent Larsen, Danish chess player
● 1935 - Nancy Whiskey, Scottish folk singer (d. 2003)
● 1936 - Aribert Reimann, German composer
● 1936 - Jim Clark, OBE, Scottish racing driver and two-time F1 world champion (d. 1968)
● 1937 - Barney Wilen, French jazz saxophonist (d. 1996)
● 1937 - Graham Dowling, New Zealand cricketer
● 1937 - Leslie Gelb, American foreign policy advisor
● 1937 - Yuri Senkevich, Russian cosmonaut (d. 2003)
● 1938 - Adam Daniel Rotfeld, Polish diplomat and researcher
● 1938 - Angus MacLise, American percussionist (d. 1979)
● 1938 - Don Perkins, American football player
● 1938 - Paula Prentiss, American actress
● 1939 - Carlos Vereza, Brazilian actor
● 1939 - Jack Fisher, American baseball player
● 1939 - Paula Prentiss, American actress
● 1940 - Volodymyr Morozov, Ukrainian flatwater canoer
● 1941 - Adrian Lyne, English film director
● 1941 - Bobby Shew, American jazz musician
● 1941 - John Aprea, American actor
● 1942 - Charles C. Krulak, 31st Commandant of the U.S. Marine Corps
● 1942 - David Matthews, American keyboardist, pianist, and arranger
● 1942 - Gloria Gaither, American gospel songwriter
● 1943 - Lucio Dalla, Italian singer and songwriter
● 1943 - Zoltan Jeney, Hungarian composer
● 1944 - Bobby Womack, American singer
● 1944 - Harvey Postlethwaite, English engineer and race car designer (d. 1999)
● 1944 - Ulrich Roski, German singer-songwriter (d. 2003)
● 1945 - Dieter Meier, Swiss singer
● 1945 - Gary Williams, American basketball coach
● 1945 - Tara Browne, British socialite (d. 1966)
● 1945 - Tommy Svensson, Swedish football manager
● 1946 - Haile Gerima, Ethiopian filmmaker
● 1946 - Harvey Goldsmith, British impresario
● 1946 - Michael Ashcroft, English entrepreneur
● 1947 - David Franzoni, American screenwriter
● 1947 - Gunnar Hansen, Icelandic actor
● 1947 - Gwen Welles, American actress (d. 1993)
● 1947 - Jan Garbarek, Norwegian musician
● 1948 - Chris Squire, English bassist (Yes)
● 1948 - James Ellroy, American writer
● 1948 - Jean O'Leary, American gay and lesbian rights activist and politician (d. 2005)
● 1948 - Leron Lee, American baseball player
● 1948 - Lindy Chamberlain, Australian author
● 1948 - Shakin' Stevens, Welsh singer
● 1948 - Tom Grieve, American baseball player
● 1949 - Carroll Baker, Canadian country singer and songwriter
● 1950 - Ofelia Medina, Mexican actress and screenwriter
● 1950 - Rick Perry, Governor of Texas
● 1951 - Chris Rea, English singer
● 1951 - Edelgard Bulmahn, German politician
● 1951 - Kenny Dalglish, Scottish footballer and manager
● 1951 - Linda Yamamoto, Japanese singer
● 1951 - Mike Quarry, American light heavyweight boxer (d. 2006)
● 1951 - Sam Perlozzo, American Major League Baseball manager (Baltimore Orioles)
● 1951 - Theresa Hak Kyung Cha, American novelist (d. 1982)
● 1952 - Ronn Moss, American actor (''The Bold and the Beautiful'')
● 1952 - Scott Hicks, Ugandan-born movie director
● 1952 - Umberto Tozzi, Italian singer
● 1953 - Chris Smith, American politician
● 1953 - Emilio Estefan, Cuban percussionist (Miami Sound Machine)
● 1953 - Kay Lenz, American actress
● 1953 - Paweł Janas, Polish football manager and former footballer
● 1953 - Scott Hicks, Ugandan-born film director
● 1954 - Adrian Zmed, American actor
● 1954 - Catherine O'Hara, Canadian actress
● 1954 - François Fillon, French politician, Prime Minister of France
● 1954 - Irina Ratushinskaya, Russian writer and dissident
● 1954 - Mark Chorvinsky, American author and editor (d. 2005)
● 1954 - Peter Jacobsen, American professional golfer
● 1954 - Willie Thorne, English snooker player
● 1955 - Dominique Pinon, French actor
● 1955 - James Weaver, English race car driver
● 1955 - Rowland Charles Gould (Boon Gould) English musician (Level 42)
● 1956 - Kermit Driscoll, American jazz bassist
● 1957 - Jim Dwyer, American journalist and Pulitzer Prize winner
● 1957 - Rick Mast, American NASCAR driver
● 1958 - Lennie Lee, British artist
● 1958 - Patricia Heaton, American actress (''Everybody Loves Raymond'')
● 1959 - Rick Ardon, Australian news presenter
● 1960 - Christina Sussiek, former German athlete
● 1960 - John Mugabi, Ugandan boxer
● 1960 - Mikko Kuustonen, Finnish singer and songwriter
● 1960 - Mykelti Williamson, American actor
● 1961 - Ray Mancini, American boxer
● 1961 - Roger Wessels, South African golfer
● 1961 - Sabine Everts, former German track athlete
● 1961 - Steven Weber, American actor ("Studio 60 on the Sunset Strip," "Wings")
● 1962 - David Sparrow, English actor
● 1962 - Greg Kragen, American footballer
● 1962 - Lolo Ferrari, French actress (d. 2000)
● 1962 - Simon Bisley, British comic book artist
● 1963 - Barbara Bubula, Polish politician
● 1963 - Daniel Roebuck, American actor
● 1963 - Janey Lee Grace, English singer, author, television presenter and radio disc jockey
● 1963 - Jason Newsted, American bassist (Metallica)
● 1964 - Tom Lampkin, American baseball player
● 1965 - Andrew Collins, English journalist, scriptwriter and broadcaster
● 1965 - Gary Helms, American country singer
● 1965 - Jonathan Shearer, Scottish castaway
● 1965 - Khaled Hosseini, Afghan author and physician
● 1965 - Paul W. S. Anderson, English filmmaker
● 1965 - Stacy Edwards, American actress (''Chicago Hope'')
● 1965 - WestBam (Maximillian Lenz), German rave techno DJ
● 1965 - Yuri Lonchakov, Russian cosmonaut
● 1966 - Daniela Amavia, Greek-American actress and international model
● 1966 - Dav Pilkey, American author
● 1966 - Emese Hunyady, Hungarian speed skater
● 1966 - Grand Puba, American rapper
● 1966 - Kevin Johnson, American basketball player
● 1966 - Patrick Hannan, Rock musician (The Sundays)
● 1966 - Sophia Ferrari, Italian actress
● 1966 - Steve Bastoni, Italian Australian actor
● 1966 - Wash West, English gay porn film director
● 1967 - Andrew Osmond, English writer
● 1967 - Daryll Cullinan, South African cricketer
● 1967 - Evan Dando, American musician (The Lemonheads)
● 1967 - Kubilay Türkyılmaz, former Turkish-Swiss footballer
● 1968 - Giovanni Carrara, Venezuelan baseball player
● 1968 - Kyriakos Mitsotakis, Greek politician
● 1968 - Patsy Kensit, English actress
● 1969 - Annie Shizuka Inoh, Taiwanese actress
● 1969 - Chastity Bono, American actress and gay rights activist
● 1969 - Jason Townsend, American artist and record producer
● 1969 - Patrick Roach, Canadian actor
● 1969 - Pierluigi Casiraghi, Italian football manager
● 1969 - Stina Nordenstam, Swedish experimental pop singer, songwriter and musician
● 1970 - Àlex Crivillé, Spanish Grand Prix motorcycle road racer
● 1970 - Andrea Bendewald, American actress
● 1971 - Fergal Lawler, Irish drummer (The Cranberries)
● 1971 - Iain Baird, Canadian soccer player
● 1971 - Jason Sellers, Country singer
● 1971 - Jovan Stanković, Serbian footballer
● 1971 - Satoshi Motoyama, Japanese racing driver
● 1971 - Shavar Ross, American actor-turned film director, writer, film producer and editor
● 1971(70? NYT) - Nick Stabile, American actor
● 1972 - Alison Wheeler, British singer (The Beautiful South)
● 1972 - Ivy Queen, American composer and singer
● 1972 - Jos Verstappen, Dutch Formula One driver
● 1972 - Pae Gil-Su, North Korean gymnast
● 1972 - Robert Smith, American footballer
● 1973 - Len Wiseman, American director
● 1973 - Phillip Daniels, American footballer
● 1973 - Summer Cummings, American actress
● 1974 - Ariel Ortega, Argentine footballer
● 1974 - Edward Hancock II, American author
● 1974 - ICS Vortex (Simen Hestnæs), Norwegian vocalist (Arcturus)
● 1974 - Karol Kučera, Slovak tennis player
● 1974 - Tommy Phelps, American baseball player
● 1975 - Antti Aalto, Finnish ice hockey player
● 1975 - Hawksley Workman, Canadian rock singer-songwriter
● 1975 - Kim Jung-Eun, South Korean actress
● 1975 - Kirsten Bolm, German hurdler
● 1975 - Myrna Veenstra, Dutch field hockey player
● 1975 - Patrick Femerling, German-born professional basketball player
● 1976 - Hiram Bocachica, Puerto Rican baseball player
● 1976 - Scott Sturgeon (Stza Crack), American musician (Choking Victim and Leftover Crack)
● 1976 - Sean Covel, American film producer
● 1976 - Thierry Renaer, Belgian field hockey player
● 1976 - Vic Wunderle, American archer
● 1977 - Ana Gabriela Guevara, Mexican athlete
● 1977 - Daniel Klewer, German footballer
● 1977 - Jason Marsalis, American musician
● 1977 - Juha Helppi, Finnish professional poker player
● 1977 - Sabrina Sabrok, Argentine-Mexican model, television actress and singer
● 1978 - Denis Dallan, Italian rugby union footballer
● 1978 - Nate Ackerman, British-American logician and wrestler
● 1978 - Pierre Dagenais, Canadian ice hockey player
● 1978 - Rachel Roberts, Canadian model and actress
● 1979 - Ben Fouhy, New Zealand flatwater canoeist
● 1979 - Geoff Huegill, Australian swimmer
● 1979 - John Lawler (John Fratelli), Scottish singer (The Fratellis)
● 1980 - Arash Markazi, American sportswriter
● 1980 - Jack Hannahan, American baseball player
● 1980 - Jung Da Bin, South Korean actress (d. 2007)
● 1980 - Omar Bravo, Mexican footballer
● 1981 - Carol Banawa, Filipina singer and celebrity
● 1981 - Donny Tourette, English punk rock singer (Towers of London)
● 1982 - Charity Rahmer, American actress
● 1982 - Landon Donovan, American soccer player
● 1982 - Mariano Altuna, Argentine racing driver
● 1983 - Matthew Krok, former Australian child actor
● 1983 - Max Vergara Poeti, Colombian writer
● 1984 - Ai Iwamura, Japanese actress
● 1984 - Zak Whitbread, American-born English soccer player
● 1985 - Chinedum Ndukwe, American football player
● 1986 - Bohdan Shust, Ukrainian footballer
● 1986 - Margo Harshman, American actress
● 1986 - Tom De Mul, Belgian footballer
● 1990 - Andrea Bowen, American actress (''Desperate Housewives'')
● 1991 - Diandra Newlin, American actress, singer, and fashion model
● 1992 - Jazmin Grace Grimaldi, daughter of Albert II, Prince of Monaco
● 1993 - Abigail Mavity, American actress
● 1993 - Alice Jones, British actress
● 1993 - Jenna Boyd, American actress
● 1993 - Yves Michel-Beneche, American actor
● 1998 - Prince Paul Louis of Nassau, son of Prince Guillaume of Luxembourg
DEATHS
● 251 - Pope Lucius I
● 480 - Saint Landry, bishop of Sées
● 561 - Pope Pelagius I
● 1172 - Stephen III of Hungary (b. 1147)
● 1193 - Saladin, Kurdish sultan (b. 1137)
● 1238 - Joan of England, Queen Consort of Scotland, wife of Alexander II (b. 1210)
● 1238 - Yuri II, Grand Prince of Vladimir (b. 1189)
● 1303 - Daniel of Moscow, Russian Saint, Grand Prince of Muscovy (b. 1261)
● 1484 - Saint Casimir, Prince of Poland (b. 1458)
● 1496 - Sigismund of Austria (b. 1427)
● 1583 - Bernard Gilpin, English clergyman, "Apostle of the North" (b. 1517)
● 1604 - Fausto Paolo Sozzini, Italian theologian (b. 1539)
● 1615 - Hans von Aachen, German painter (b. 1552)
● 1619 - Anne of Denmark, wife of James I (b. 1574)
● 1710 - Louis III, Prince of Condé (b. 1668)
● 1733 - Claude de Forbin, French naval commander (b. 1656)
● 1744 - John Anstis, Garter King of Arms (b. 1669)
● 1762 - Johannes Zick, German fresco painter (b. 1702)
● 1793 - Louis de Bourbon, French admiral (b. 1725)
● 1795 - John Collins, American politician (b. 1717)
● 1805 - Jean-Baptiste Greuze, French painter (b. 1725)
● 1807 - Abraham Baldwin, American politician (b. 1754)
● 1821 - Princess Elizabeth of Clarence, daughter of King William IV, granddaughter of King George III (b. 1820)
● 1832 - Jean-François Champollion, French scholar (b. 1790)
● 1851 - James Richardson, British explorer (b. 1809)
● 1852 - Nikolai Gogol, Russian writer (b. 1809)
● 1853 - Christian Leopold von Buch, German geologist (b. 1774)
● 1858 - Matthew Perry, U.S. naval officer (b. 1794)
● 1864 - Thomas Starr King, influential Californian Unitarian minister during the American Civil War (b. 1824)
● 1866 - Alexander Campbell, Irish founder of the Disciples of Christ (b. 1788)
● 1868 - Jesse Chisholm, American pioneer of the Chisholm Trail (b. 1805)
● 1872 - Johannes Carsten Hauch, Danish poet (b. 1790)
● 1883 - Alexander Hamilton Stephens, former Vice President of the Confederate States of America (b. 1812)
● 1888 - Amos Bronson Alcott, American philosopher (b. 1799)
● 1903 - Joseph Henry Shorthouse, English novelist (b. 1834)
● 1906 - John McAllister Schofield, former U.S. Secretary of War and Commanding General of the U.S. Army (b. 1831)
● 1910 - Knut Ångström, Swedish physicist (b. 1857)
● 1915 - William Willett, Inventor of Daylight Saving Time (b. 1856)
● 1916 - Franz Marc, German artist (b. 1880)
● 1922 - Bert Williams, American entertainer (b. 1874)
● 1925 - James Ward, English psychologist and philosopher (b. 1843)
● 1925 - John Montgomery "Monte" Ward, American baseball player (b. 1860)
● 1925 - Moritz Moszkowski, Polish/German composer (b. 1854)
● 1927 - Ira Remsen American chemist (b. 1846)
● 1938 - George Foster Peabody, American politician (b. 1852)
● 1938 - Jack Taylor, American baseball player (b. 1874)
● 1940 - Hamlin Garland, American novelist (b. 1860)
● 1941 - Ludwig Quidde, German pacifist, recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize (b. 1858)
● 1944 - Emanuel Weiss, American hitman (b. 1906) (executed)
● 1944 - Fannie Barrier Williams, American educator and political activist (b. 1855)
● 1944 - Louis Buchalter, Jewish American mobster (b.1897) (executed)
● 1944 - Louis Capone, New York organized crime figure (b. 1896) (executed)
● 1945 - Lucille La Verne, American actress (d. 1972)
● 1945 - Mark Sandrich, American film director, writer and producer (b. 1900)
● 1946 - Bror von Blixen-Finecke, Danish big-game hunter (b. 1886)
● 1948 - Antonin Artaud, French actor/director (b. 1896)
● 1950 - Adam Rainer, the only man in recorded human history ever to have been both a dwarf and a giant (b. 1899)
● 1952 - Charles Scott Sherrington, English scientist, Nobel laureate (b. 1857)
● 1954 - Noel Gay, English composer, (b. 1898)
● 1959 - Maxey Long, American athlete (b. 1878)
● 1960 - Herbert O'Conor, 51st Governor of the US State of Maryland (b. 1896)
● 1960 - Leonard Warren, American baritone (b. 1911)
● 1962 - George Mogridge, Major League Baseball pitcher (b. 1889)
● 1963 - William Carlos Williams, American poet (b. 1883)
● 1967 - José Martínez Ruiz, Spanish poet and writer (b. 1873)
● 1967 - Michel Plancherel, Swiss mathematician (b. 1885)
● 1967 - Vladan Desnica, Croatian and Serbian writer (b. 1905)
● 1969 - Nicholas Schenck, Russian-born film empresario (b. 1881)
● 1973 - Samuel Tolansky, British scientist and expert on spectroscopy (b. 1907)
● 1974 - Adolph Gottlieb, American painter (b. 1903)
● 1976 - Walter H. Schottky, German physicist (b. 1886)
● 1977 - Andrés Caicedo, Colombian writer (b. 1951)
● 1977 - Lutz Graf Schwerin von Krosigk, German politician and former Chancellor of Germany (b. 1887)
● 1977 - Toma Caragiu, Romanian actor (b. 1925)
● 1978 - Wesley Bolin, former Governor of the U.S. State of Arizona (b. 1909) {Bolin was a long time (over 30 years) Secretary of State for Arizona and a regular on the "rubber chicken" circuit (about 300 times a year), it is amazing on such a diet he lived as long as he did.}
● 1979 - Willi Unsoeld, American mountain climber (b. 1926)
● 1981 - Torin Thatcher, Indian actor (b. 1905)
● 1981 - Yip Harburg, American lyricist (b. 1896)
● 1984 - Ernest Buckler, Canadian novelist (b. 1908)
● 1984 - Geoffrey Lumsden, British actor (b. 1914)
● 1984 - Jewel Carmen, American actress (b. 1897)
● 1986 - Howard Greenfield, American songwriter (b. 1936)
● 1986 - Richard Manuel, Canadian musician (The Band) (b. 1943)
● 1989 - Tiny Grimes, American jazz and R&B guitarist (b. 1916)
● 1990 - Hank Gathers, American basketball player (b. 1967)
● 1992 - Art Babbitt, American animator (b. 1907)
● 1993 - Art Hodes, American jazz pianist (b. 1904)
● 1994 - John Candy, Canadian comedian (b. 1950)
● 1995 - Eden Ahbez, American composer (b. 1908)
● 1996 - Minnie Pearl, American comedian (b. 1912)
● 1997 - Carey Loftin, American actor/stuntman (b. 1914)
● 1997 - Robert H. Dicke, American physicist (b. 1916)
● 1999 - Del Close, American actor (b. 1934)
● 1999 - Harry Blackmun, Associate Justice of the U.S. Supreme Court (b. 1908)
● 1999 - Karel van het Reve, Dutch writer (b. 1921)
● 2001 - Fred Lasswell, American cartoonist (b. 1916)
● 2001 - Glenn Hughes, American singer (The Village People) (b. 1950)
● 2001 - Harold Stassen, American politician (b. 1907) {Perennial Republican candidate for President at first serious, 1948/1952, later to be figure of ridicule.}
● 2001 - Jim Rhodes, Governor of Ohio (b. 1909)
● 2002 - Claire Davenport, English actress (b. 1933)
● 2002 - Elyne Mitchell, Australian author (b. 1913)
● 2002 - Eric Flynn, British actor/singer (b. 1939)
● 2002 - Velibor Vasović, Yugoslavian footballer (b. 1939)
● 2003 - Jaba Ioseliani, Georgian bank robber (b. 1926)
● 2003 - Sébastien Japrisot, French author, screenwriter and film director (b. 1931)
● 2004 - Claude Nougaro, French singer (b. 1929)
● 2004 - George Pake, American physicist (b. 1924)
● 2004 - John McGeoch, Scottish musician (b. 1955)
● 2004 - Stephen Sprouse, American fashion designer (b. 1953)
● 2005 - Carlos Sherman, Uruguayan-born writer (b. 1934)
● 2005 - Nicola Calipari, Italian secret service agent (b. 1953)
● 2005 - Robert Consoli, American actor and musician (b. 1964)
● 2005 - Una Hale, Australian soprano (b. 1922)
● 2005 - Yuriy Kravchenko, Ukrainian statesman (b. 1951)
● 2006 - Dave Rose, American artist (b. 1910)
● 2006 - Edgar Valter, Estonian illustrator/cartoonist (b. 1929)
● 2006 - John Reynolds Gardiner, American engineer (b. 1944)
● 2006 - Roman Ogaza, Polish footballer (b. 1952)
● 2007 - Bob Hattoy, American activist (b. 1950)
● 2007 - Ian Wooldridge, British sports journalist (b. 1932)
● 2007 - Natalie Bodanya (Natalie Bodanskaya), American soprano (b. 1908)
● 2007 - Richard Joseph, British games soundtrack composer (b. 1954)
● 2007 - Sunil Kumar Mahato, Indian parliamentarian (b. 1966)
● 2007 - Tadeusz Nalepa, Polish composer, guitar player, vocalist and lyricist (b. 1934)
● 2007 - Thomas Eagleton, American politician (b. 1929)
HOLIDAYS AND OBSERVANCES
● Roman Catholic:
● St. Adrian of Nicomedia, bishop of St. Andrew's, and his Companions.
● St. Appian
● St. Basil and Companions
● St. Basinus
● St. Casimir of Poland, patron saint of Lithuania.
● St. Efrem
● St. Felix of Rhuys
● St. Humbert III of Savoy, Blessed
● St. Lucius I, pope, martyr.
● St. Owen
● St. Peter of Pappacarbone
● St. Pierre de Cluny
● St. Placide Viel
● Russian Orthodox Christian Menaion Calendar for February 21 (Civil Date: March 4)
● St. Timothy of Symbola in Bithynia.
● St. Eustathius (Eustace), Archbishop of Antioch.
● St. George, Bishop of Amastris on the Black Sea.
● Services combined with St. Eustathius
● St. John the Scholastic, Patriarch of Constantinople.
● St. Zachariah, Patriarch of Jerusalem.
● "Kozelshchanskaya" Icon of the Most Holy Theotokos.
● Repose of Blessed Simon Todorsky, Bishop of Pskov (1754), and Elder Macarius of Glinsk Hermitage (1864).
● Wales - Feast day of Rhiannon, Celtic Moon Goddess.
● Pennsylvania - Charter Day (1681).
● St. Thomas, Ontario, Canada - Charter Day (1881)
● Thailand - Magka Puja
● United States - Constitution Day (1789)
● United States - Inauguration Day (1789 - 1933)
● Admission Day to the United States
● Vermont - 14th state (1791)
IN FICTION
● 1881 - Holmes & Watson begin "A Study in Scarlet", 1st case together
THIS IS AN ABBREVIATED POST FOR THIS DATE USING ONLY THE FOLLOWING EIGHT SOURCES. A COMPLETE POST IS PLANNED AS SOON AS TIME ALLOWS.
This Previous Day in History Post With
This Original Wikipedia List form the core of this post.
Additional facts taken from:
Information on Geov Parrish's this Day in Radical History, things that happened on this day that you never had to memorize in school.
Roman Catholic Saint of the Day
Russian Orthodox Christian Menaion Calendar
Liberal Quotes of the Day taken from The Best Liberal Quotes Ever: Why the Left Is Right Compiled by William P. Martin ©2004
Quotes from the Right of the Day taken from Take Them at Their Words: Startling, Amusing and Baffling Quotations from the GOP and Their Friends, 1994-2004 Compiled by Bruce J. Miller with Diana Maio ©2004
Dumbest Thing Said for the Day taken from 1001 Dumbest Things Ever Said Edited by Steven D. Price ©2004
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