Day of the week in surrounding years:
1980,1986,. . . .,1997,2003—MON—2008
1981,1987,1992,1998,. . . .—TUE—2009
1982,. . . .,1993,1999,2004—WED—2010
1983,1988,1994,. . . .,2005—THU—2011
. . . .,1989,1995,2000,2006—FRI—. . . .
1984,1990,. . . .,2001,2007—SAT—2012
1985,1991,1996,2002,. . . .—SUN—2013
PASCAL DATE INFORMATION
Easter Sunday for the Western Christian Church is defined as the first Sunday following the first full moon after the Spring Equinox. Lent is defined as the forty days prior to Easter not including Sundays thus Lent begins on Ash Wednesday, which is 46 days prior to Easter. Calculations for Ash Wednesday and Easter Sunday were performed for the 3774 years from 326 to 4099. For the year range 326 to 1582, dates are based on the Julian calendar. For years 1583 to 4099, dates are based on the Gregorian calendar. Ash Wednesday falls in a range of 36 days from February 4 to March 10. Easter Sunday falls in a range of 35 days from March 22 to April 25. The extra day in the Ash Wednesday range is February 29, which only occurs in leap years. February 29 only effects when Ash Wednesday occurs since it is well before the Spring Equinox and has no effect on the date for Easter Sunday. March 10 to March 21 is a twelve-day range that must occur in Lent no matter the timing of Easter Sunday. The entire range of 82 dates from February 4 to April 25 represents all dates with Pascal ramifications.
March 3 is the 29th possible date for Ash Wednesday. Ash Wednesday occurs on this date 117 times during the 3774 years calculated and is ranked 21st of the 36 dates.
It occurred on this date previously in the years:
336, 398, 409, 420, 493, 504, 583, 588, 667, 678, 751, 762, 773, 835, 846, 857, 868, 930, 941, 952, 1025, 1036, 1115, 1120, 1199, 1210, 1283, 1294, 1305, 1367, 1378, 1389, 1400, 1462, 1473, 1484, 1557, 1568, 1593, 1604, 1677, 1683, 1688, 1745, 1756, 1802, 1813, 1824, 1897, 1954, 1965, 1976
It will occur on this date in the future in the years:
2049, 2055, 2060, 2106, 2117, 2128, 2269, 2275, 2280, 2337, 2348, 2421, 2427, 2432, 2500, 2579, 2584, 2641, 2647, 2652, 2709, 2720, 2793, 2799, 2804, 2883, 2888, 2894, 2951, 2956, 2962, 3013, 3019, 3024, 3165, 3171, 3176, 3255, 3260, 3266, 3317, 3323, 3328, 3475, 3480, 3486, 3543, 3548, 3627, 3632, 3638, 3700, 3779, 3790, 3847, 3852, 3858, 3909, 3915, 3920, 3999, 4004, 4010, 4083, 4094
Best Liberal Quote of the Day: On Fools & Fanatics "What is objectionable, what is dangerous, about extremists is not that they are extreme, but that they are intolerant. The evil is not what they say about their cause, but what they say about their opponents." — Robert F. Kennedy
Stupidest and/or Scariest Quote from the Right for the Day: On Beat the Press "[Seymour Hersh is] the closest thing American journalism has to a terrorist." — Richard Perle to Wolf Blitzer on CNN. Stanley I. Kutler, "There Will Absolutely Be No Dissension," Chicago Tribune, 3-18-03. Perle disliked Hersh's article about him: "Lunch With the Chairman," The New Yorker, 3-17-03.
Dumbest Thing Said for the Day: From the world of Sports "I've made a couple of mistakes I'd Like to do over." — Jerry Coleman was an infielder for the Yankees (what is it about the Bronx Bombers that turned out such a raft of funny speakers?), and manager of the San Diego Padres. After playing, he made his mark as a radio and TV broadcaster, where his malapropisms, non sequiturs, and other goofs became legendary. Coleman is Hall of Shame member #8.
{Disclaimer: I have attempted to give credit to the many different sources that I get entries. Any failure to do so is unintentional. Any statement enclosed by brackets like these are the opinion of the blogger, A Proud Liberal.}
MOON PHASE
Berkeley, California—Times are Pacific Standard Time (PST)
Mar 3, 2008 2:00 AM Name: Waning Crescent Percent of Full: 20% Age: 85% Rise: 4:22 AM Set: 1:57 PM
Surprise, Arizona—Times are Mountain Standard Time (MST)
Mar 3, 2008 2:00 AM Name: Waning Crescent Percent of Full: 20% Age: 85% Rise: 4:28 AM Set: 2:28 PM
Iowa City, Iowa—Times are Central Standard Time (CST)
Mar 3, 2008 2:00 AM Name: Waning Crescent Percent of Full: 21% Age: 85% Rise: 4:29 AM Set: 1:36 PM
Cambridge, Massachusetts—Times are Eastern Standard Time (EST)
Mar 3, 2008 2:00 AM Name: Waning Crescent Percent of Full: 21% Age: 85% Rise: 4:08 AM Set: 1:08 PM
NASA ASTRONOMY PICTURE OF THE DAY
Sand Dunes Thawing on Mars
Credit: HiRISE, MRO, LPL (U. Arizona), NASA
Click picture to go to NASA APOD site for full explanation
EVENTS
● 78 - Origin of Saka Era (India)
● 468 - St. Simplicius elected to succeed Catholic Pope Hilarius
● 493 - Ostrogoten King Theodorik the Great beats Odoaker
● 561 - Pelagius I ends his reign as Catholic Pope
● 1409 - Austrian civil war ends
● 1431 - Bishop Gabriele Condulmer elected as Pope Eugene IV
● 1547 - The Seventh Session of the Council of Trent declared: 'If anyone says that one baptized cannot, even if he wishes, lose grace, however much he may sin, unless he is unwilling to believe, let him be anathema.'
● 1575 - Indian Mughal Emperor Akbar defeats Bengali army at the Battle of Tukaroi
● 1585 - The Olympic Theatre, designed by Andrea Palladio, is inaugurated in Vicenza
● 1627 - Piet Heyn conquerors 22 ships in Bay of Salvador Brazil
● 1638 - Duke Bernard van Saksen-Weimar occupies Rheinfelden
● 1639 - The early settlement of Taunton, Massachusetts is incorporated as a town.
● 1657 - Blacks and Native Americans rebel in Massachusetts.
● 1744 - Colonial missionary to the American Indians, David Brainerd wrote in his journal: 'In the morning, spent an hour in prayer. Prayer was so sweet an exercise to me that I knew not how to cease, lest I lose the spirit of prayer.'
● 1746 - Bonnie Prince Charlie occupies Castle of Inverness
● 1776 - US commodore Esek Hopkins occupies Nassau Bahamas
● 1791 - 1st Internal Revenue Act (taxing distilled spirits & carriages)
● 1791 - The United States Mint is created by the U.S. Congress.
● 1794 - Richard Allen founded AME Church
● 1801 - 1st US Jewish Governor, David Emanuel, takes office in Georgia
● 1803 - 1st impeachment trial of a federal judge, John Pickering, begins
● 1803 - Colégio Militar is founded in Portugal by Colonel Teixeira Rebello.
● 1805 - Louisiana-Missouri Territory forms
● 1812 - US Congress passes 1st foreign aid bill (aids Venezuela earthquake victims)
● 1813 - Office of Surgeon General of the US army is established
● 1815 - US declares war on Algiers for taking US prisoners & demanding tribute
● 1817 - Mississippi Territory is divided into Alabama Territory & Mississippi
● 1817 - The first commercial steamboat route from Louisville to New Orleans was opened.
● 1820 - Missouri Compromise passes, allowing slavery in Missouri
● 1833 - According to Akilattirattu Ammanai, Ayya Vaikundar arises from the sea as avatar of Narayana at Thiruchendur.
● 1835 - Congress authorizes a US mint at New Orleans LA
● 1837 - Congress increases Supreme Court membership from 7 to 9 {Later attempts to enlarge the Court have failed, most notably FDR's attempt in the 1930s.}
● 1837 - US President Andrew Jackson & Congress recognizes Republic of Texas
● 1838 - Rebellion at Pelee Island, Ontario Canada
● 1842 - 1st US child labor law regulating working hours passed (Massachusetts)
● 1843 - Congress appropriates $30,000 "to test the practicability of establishing a system of electro-magnetic telegraphs" by the US
● 1845 - 1st US law overriding a Presidential veto (John Tyler's)
● 1845 - Congress authorizes ocean mail contracts for foreign mail delivery
● 1845 - Florida is admitted as the 27th U.S. state.
● 1847 - Alexander Graham Bell, the Scottish-born American inventor of the telephone, was born.
● 1847 - Post Office Department authorized to issue postage stamps
● 1849 - Minnesota Territory organizes as a political division of the United States.
● 1849 - The Home Department, forerunner of the Interior Department, was established.
● 1849 - The U.S. Congress passes the Gold Coinage Act authorizing $20 Double Eagle gold coin.
● 1851 - Congress authorizes smallest US silver coin (3¢ piece)
● 1853 - Transcontinental railroad survey is authorized by Congress
● 1853 - US Assay Office in New York NY authorized
● 1855 - Congress approves $30,000 to test camels for military use
● 1855 - Registration of letters authorized by Congress
● 1857 - France and the United Kingdom declare war on China.
● 1861 - Alexander II of Russia signs the Emancipation Manifesto, freeing serfs.
● 1862 - General Pope lays siege in front of New Madrid MO
● 1863 - Abraham Lincoln approves charter for National Academy of Sciences
● 1863 - Congress authorizes a US mint at Carson City NV
● 1863 - Federal ironclad ships bomb Fort McAllister Georgia
● 1863 - First U.S. draft law passes. Contains a clause providing draft exemption in exchange for $300 -- a sum that only the rich could afford to pay.
● 1863 - Free city delivery replaces zone postage; 449 letter carriers hired
● 1863 - Gold certificates (currency) authorized by Congress
● 1863 - Idaho Territory organizes as a political division of the United States.
● 1865 - Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen, & Abandoned Lands established to help destitute free blacks
● 1865 - Opening of the Hong Kong and Shanghai Banking Corporation, the founding member of the HSBC Group.
● 1869 - University of South Carolina opens to all races
● 1870 - Paraguay - The forces of Francisco Solano Lopez are annihilated at Cora Hill.
● 1871 - Reacting strongly to charges of corruption, US Congress establishes a Commission on Civil Service Reform. In four years, however, it fails to appropriate a single penny for the Commission, which as a result, is forced to disband.
● 1871 - U.S. Congress calls all Native Americans wards of state, nullifying all treaties.
● 1873 - "Salary Grab" Act passes, raising the salaries of U.S. congressmen and government officials retroactively.
● 1873 - Censorship: The U.S. Congress enacts the Comstock Law, making it illegal to send any "obscene, lewd, or lascivious" books through the mail.
● 1873 - Congress authorizes federal departmental postage stamps
● 1875 - Congress authorizes 20¢ coin, lasts only 3 years
● 1875 - Illegal act of Congress removes lands from Oregon Coast Reservation, despite opposition by Coos and other tribes. Alsea Reservation, Oregon, is returned to public domain.
● 1877 - Rutherford B. Hayes is privately inaugurated as the 19th President of the United States (his public inauguration coming on March 5).
● 1878 - Bulgaria liberated from Turkey (Peace of San Stefano)
● 1878 - Russia and the Ottomans signed the treaty of San Stefano. The treaty granted independence to Serbia.
● 1879 - 1st female lawyer heard by Supreme Court (Belva Ann Bennett Lockwood)
● 1879 - The United States Geological Survey is created.
● 1882 - New York Steam Corp begins distributing steam to Manhattan buildings
● 1883 - Congress authorizes the 1st steel vessels in US navy
● 1885 - 1st US state (California) establishes a permanent forest commission
● 1885 - The American Telephone and Telegraph Company is incorporated in New York State.
● 1885 - US Post Office offers special delivery for 1st-class mail
● 1887 - American Protective Association forms (anti-Catholic) in Clinton IA
● 1891 - Congress creates Office of Superintendent of Immigration (Treasury Department)
● 1891 - Congress creates US Courts of Appeal
● 1892 - 1st cattle tuberculosis test in US made, Villa Nova PA
● 1893 - Columbian Isabella silver quarter authorized
● 1893 - Congress authorizes 1st federal road agency, in Department of Agriculture
● 1894 - 4th & last British government of Gladstone resigns
● 1899 - Congress authorizes Lafayette silver dollar
● 1899 - George Dewey becomes 1st in US with rank of Admiral of the Navy
● 1900 - Striking miners in Germany returned to work.
● 1901 - Congress creates National Bureau of Standards, in Department of Commerce
● 1903 - Colorado City (Colo.) free-speech fight.
● 1903 - In St. Louis, MO, Barney Gilmore was arrested for spitting.
● 1903 - North Carolina becomes 1st state requiring registration of nurses
● 1903 - The U.S. imposed a $2 head tax on immigrants.
● 1904 - Kaiser Wilhelm II of Germany becomes the first person to make a sound recording of a political document, using Thomas Edison's cylinder.
● 1905 - Tsar Nicholas II of Russia agrees to create an elected assembly (the Duma).
● 1905 - US Forest Service forms
● 1906 - Vuia I aircraft built by Romanian Traja Vuia tested in France. It was the first airplane with tires to attempt flight.
● 1908 - The U.S. government declared open war on U.S. anarchists.
● 1909 - Aviators Herring, Curtiss and Bishop announced that airplanes would be made commercially in the U.S.
● 1910 - In New York, Robert Forest founded the National Housing Association to fight deteriorating urban living conditions.
● 1910 - J.D. Rockefeller Jr. announced his withdrawal from business to administer his father's fortune for an "uplift in humanity". He also appealed to the U.S. Congress for the creation of the Rockefeller Foundation.
● 1910 - Nicaraguan rebels admitted defeat in open war and resorted to guerrilla tactics in the hope of U.S. intervention.
● 1911 - 1st US federal cemetery with Union & Rebel graves opens, Missouri
● 1913 - Over 5,000 women march on Washington to demand right to vote. In early guerrilla theatre - women and children stage "Suffrage Tableau" on U.S. Capitol steps.
● 1915 - National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics (NASA forerunner) created
● 1917 - Congress passes 1st excess profits tax on corporations
● 1917 - Great monarch Michael resigns after 1 day as czar
● 1918 - Germany, Austria and Russia sign the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk ending Russia's involvement in World War I, and leading to the independence of Finland, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania and Poland.
● 1919 - 1st international air mail service from US, Seattle WA-Victoria BC
● 1919 - Communist Party in Germany announces a general strike
● 1919 - Ruling on the conviction of anarchists Emma Goldman and Alexander Berkman, the Supreme Court upholds the Espionage Act. Goldman and Berkman were arrested during World War I for so-called conspiracy against the draft. Today's court ruling thus puts draft resistance outside First Amendment protection. Emma Goldman's last act before entering prison was organizing the Political Prisoners' Amnesty League. During the war, thousands of dissenters have been sentenced to long prison terms. At Angel Island, a concentration camp for dissidents, many have been systematically tortured. At the federal prison in Leavenworth, Kansas, prisoners have hung by their wrists for weeks at a time.
● 1921 - Toronto's Dr Banting & Dr Best announce discovery of insulin
● 1922 - Italian fascists occupy Fiume & Rijeka
● 1923 - US Senate rejects membership in International Court of Justice, The Hague
● 1924 - German & Turkish friendship/trade treaty signed
● 1924 - The 1400-year-old Islamic caliphate is abolished when Caliph Abdul Mejid II of the Ottoman Empire is deposed. The last remnant of the old regime gives way to the reformed Turkey of President Kemal Atatürk.
● 1931 - American linguistic pioneer Frank Laubach wrote in a letter: 'If we only let God have his full chance he will break our hearts with the glory of his revelation. That is the privilege which the preacher can have. It is his business to look into the very face of God until he aches with bliss.'
● 1931 - The "Star Spangled Banner," written by Francis Scott Key, was adopted as the American national anthem. The song was originally a poem known as "Defense of Fort McHenry."
● 1933 - German Presidential candidate Earnest Thälmann (KPD) arrested
● 1933 - Mount Rushmore National Memorial is dedicated.
● 1933 - US President Herbert Hoover signs the Norris-LaGuardia Act into law and opening the doors to increased unionization. {This is literally in the last days as president, FDR is already president-elect awaiting inauguration.}
● 1934 - John Dillinger breaks out of jail using a wooden pistol
● 1935 - Dutch Revolutionary Socialist Worker's party (RSAP), forms
● 1938 - Oil is discovered in Saudi Arabia.
● 1938 - Samuel Schwartzbard, Jewish watchmaker, anarchist, and poet, dies, Capetown, South Africa. Escaped the Russian pogroms in 1905, settled in Paris. In 1926 he gunned down Simon Petliura, who had directed the pogroms in which some of his family were murdered. He fired three times, announcing - "This, for the pogroms; this for the massacres, this for the victims." Schwartzbard was acquitted by a jury and freed.
● 1939 - In Mumbai, Mohandas Gandhi begins to fast in protest of the autocratic rule in India.
● 1940 - Five people are killed in an arson attack on the offices of the communist newspaper Norrskensflamman in Luleå, Sweden.
● 1941 - Moscow denounced the Axis rule in Bulgaria.
● 1941 - Netherlands NSB-leader Mussert visits Göring in Berlin
● 1942 - 1st combat flight for Canada's Avro Lancaster military plane
● 1942 - World War II: Ten Japanese warplanes raid the town of Broome, Western Australia killing more than 100 people.
● 1943 - US defeats Japan & wins Battle of Bismark Sea
● 1943 - World War II: In London, 173 people are killed in a crush while trying to enter an air-raid shelter at Bethnal Green tube station.
● 1944 - The Order of Nakhimov and Order of Ushakov were instituted in USSR as the highest naval awards.
● 1945 - Churchill visits Montgomery's headquarter
● 1945 - RAF bombing error hits The Hague killing 511
● 1945 - Roermond/Venlo Netherlands, freed
● 1945 - US & Philippine forces recaptures Corregidor
● 1945 - US 7th Army occupies last part of Westwall
● 1945 - World War II: Previously neutral Finland declares war on the Axis powers.
● 1949 - The Tucker Automobile Corporation folds.
● 1950 - Trappist monk Thomas Merton wrote in "Sign of Jonas": 'The Christian life...is a continual discovery of Christ in new and unexpected places. And these discoveries are sometimes most profitable when you find him in something you had tended to overlook or even despise.'
● 1952 - Puerto Rico approves their 1st self written constitution
● 1952 - The U.S. Supreme Court upheld New York's Feinberg Law that banned Communist teachers in the U.S.
● 1953 - A Canadian Pacific Airlines De Havilland Comet crashes in Karachi, Pakistan killing 11.
● 1953 - Guatemala - Jacobo Arbenz declares the nationalization of idle lands held by the United Fruit Company. U.S. backed terrorism and genocide follow for the next 30 years.
● 1956 - Indonesian government of Harahap resigns
● 1956 - Morocco gains independence from France (Anniversary of throne)
● 1957 - Cypriot liberation fighter Gregoris Afxentiou is killed, while fighting against British troops, burnt alive in a cave near the Machera Monastery, refusing to surrender.
● 1957 - The head of the Catholic archdiocese of Chicago (the largest in the world), Samuel Cardinal Strich, bans rock and roll from Catholic schools and "recreations" in his district. He cites the "tribal rhythms" and "encouragement to behave in a hedonistic manner." Chicago record sellers report no drop in sales of hedonism-encouraging records.
● 1958 - Nuri as-Said becomes the prime minister of Iraq for the 14th time.
● 1959 - 1st US probe to enter solar orbit, Pioneer 4, is launched
● 1959 - British government arrests Hastings Banda of Nyasaland, ends emergency crisis
● 1959 - By a vote taken in both bodies, the Unitarian Church and the Universalist Church, along with their fellowships -- the American Unitarian Association and the Universalist Church of America merged into a single denomination.
● 1959 - Lou Costello comedian, dies at 52.
● 1960 - 9th largest snowfall in NYC history (14.5")
● 1961 - King Hassan II ascends to throne of Morocco
● 1961 - Village Council in Inuit town of Point Hope, in far northwestern Alaska, objects in letter to Pres. Kennedy to chain explosion of five atomic bombs in nearby above-ground "Project Chariot" tests.
● 1961 - Waterborne Polaris Action Group "welcomes" first submarines, Holy Loch, Scotland.
● 1962 - British Antarctic Territory is formed
● 1962 - One hundred twenty participate in 24-hour Quaker vigil for peace, Macclesfield, Britain.
● 1963 - Senegal adopts constitution
● 1965 - Owsley starts making LSD - large quantities of acid available for the first time.
● 1965 - US performs nuclear test at Nevada Test Site
● 1965 - USSR performs nuclear test at Eastern Kazakhstan/Semipalitinsk USSR
● 1966 - A British Overseas Airways Boeing 707 flies into a mountain after the captain decides to give the passengers a close-up view of Mt. Fuji. All 124 people aboard are killed.
● 1966 - BBC tunes in to colour; The BBC announces plans to begin broadcasting television programmes in colour from next year.
● 1966 - Kwame Nkrumah flees Ghana to Guinée
● 1966 - Twister hits Jackson MS; 3 minutes after 1st sighting, 57 die
● 1967 - Grenada gains partial independence from Britain
● 1967 - US performs nuclear test at Nevada Test Site
● 1968 - Chicano students stage walkout of Los Angeles high schools, calling for an end to racist policies.
● 1968 - FBI director J. Edgar Hoover issues a memo to FBI offices concerning the goals of a "Counter-intelligence Program" against "Black Nationalist-Hate Groups."
● 1968 - Greece, Portugal & Spain's embassies bombed in the Hague
● 1969 - Apollo program: NASA launches Apollo 9 to test the lunar module for 151 Earth orbits (10 days).
● 1969 - In a Los Angeles, California court, Sirhan Sirhan admits that he killed presidential candidate Robert F. Kennedy.
● 1971 - Beginning of Indo-Pakistani War of 1971 and India's official entry to the Bangladesh Liberation War in support of Mukti Bahini
● 1971 - Winnie Mandela sentenced to 1 year in jail in South Africa
● 1972 - Mohawk Airlines Flight 405 crashes in unexplained circumstances.
● 1972 - Sculpted figures of Jefferson Davis, Robert E Lee, & Stonewall Jackson are completed at Stone Mountain GA
● 1973 - Japan disclosed its first defense plan since World War II.
● 1973 - Presidents Rule introduced in the Indian state of Orissa.
● 1974 - Reported that a famine in the Sahel, western Africa, has resulted in the deaths of 100,000, and millions more are starving.
● 1974 - Roman Catholic and Lutheran officials reach an agreement for eventual reconciliation into one communion, marking the first agreement between the two churches since the Reformation.
● 1974 - Turkish jet crashes killing 345; A Turkish Airlines DC10 crashes near Paris, en route to London, killing all 345 people on board.
● 1976 - 5 workers are killed by the police in a demonstration in Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain.
● 1976 - Mozambique closes border with Rhodesia
● 1977 - Libyan Socialist Arabs People's Republic forms
● 1978 - The remains of Charles Chaplin were stolen from his grave in Cosier-sur-Vevey, Switzerland. The body was recovered 11 weeks later near Lake Geneva.
● 1980 - France performs nuclear test at Muruora Island
● 1980 - The submarine Nautilus was decommissioned. The vessel's final voyage had ended on May 26, 1979.
● 1981 - Navajo and Hopi religious leaders request halt in construction of ski resort in the San Francisco Peaks, northern Arizona.
● 1982 - Queen opens Barbican Centre; The Queen opens the new £153m Barbican Arts Centre in the City of London.
● 1982 - Senate begins debate on expulsion of Senator Harrison Williams (D-NJ)
● 1983 - Author/activist Arthur Koestler, 77, and wife found dead of suicidal drug overdoses, London, England. Best known for his novel "Darkness at Noon," which reflects his break with the Communist Party. Hungarian born British novelist/journalist/critic, Koestler worked as a correspondent in the 1920s and 1930s, and was imprisoned by the fascists during Spanish Revolution of 1936. A lifelong advocate of euthanasia.
● 1985 - Arthur Scargill declares that the National Union of Mineworkers national executive voted to end the longest-running industrial dispute in Britain without any peace deal over pit closures.
● 1985 - Censorship: Women Against Pornography award their "Pig Award" to Huggies Diapers, claiming that the television ads had "crossed the line between eye-catching and porn."
● 1989 - Machinists strike Eastern Airlines; pilots honor picket lines
● 1989 - Robert McFarlane gets $20,000 fine, two years probation for his role in Iran-Contra.
● 1991 - African-American Rodney King is videotaped being severely beaten by Los Angeles police officers.
● 1991 - In two concurring referendums: 74 % of the population of Latvia vote for independence from the Soviet Union, in Estonia - 83 %.
● 1991 - Iraqi generals & General Schwarzkopf meet to discuss cease fire
● 1991 - Miguel Trovoada installed as President of Sao Tomé e Principal
● 1991 - Switzerland votes on lowering voting age from 20 to 18
● 1991 - United Airlines crashes near Colorado Springs, kills 25
● 1992 - Gas explodes in coal mine at Zonguldak Turkey, 100s die
● 1992 - President Bush apologizes for raising taxes after pledging not to {He still loses re-election.}
● 1992 - The nation of Bosnia was established.
● 1994 - The Mexican government reached a peace agreement with the Chiapas rebels.
● 1995 - A U.N. peacekeeping mission in Somalia ended. Several gunmen were killed by U.S. Marines in Mogadishu while overseeing the pull out of peacekeepers.
● 1995 - MPs move to outlaw hunting; A bill which would ban hunting with hounds in England and Wales has become the first such proposal to get a second reading in parliament.
● 1996 - San Francisco police illegally arrest 130 for walking on a street during a march against police brutality.
● 1997 - The tallest free-standing structure in the Southern Hemisphere, Sky Tower in downtown Auckland, New Zealand, opens after two-and-a-half years of construction.
● 1998 - Bill Gates testifies at Senate Judiciary Committee
● 1999 - Bertrand Piccard and Brian Jones began their attempt to circumnavigate the Earth in a hot air balloon non-stop. They succeeded on March 20, 1999.
● 1999 - In Egypt, 19 people were killed when a bus plunged into a Nile canal.
● 1999 - LaGrand case: The State of Arizona executes Walter LaGrand, a German despite German legal action in the International Court of Justice.
● 2001 - A U.S. Air Force Materiel Command C-23 Sherpa transport crashes during stormy weather in the U.S. state of Georgia, killing 21.
● 2002 - Citizens of Switzerland narrowly vote in favour of their country becoming a member of the United Nations, abandoning almost 200 years of formal neutrality.
● 2004 - Belgian brewer Interbrew and Brazilian rival AmBev agreed to merge in a $11.2 billion deal that formed InBev, the world's largest brewer.
● 2005 - Mayerthorpe Incident: James Roszko murders four Royal Canadian Mounted Police constables during a drug bust at his property in Rochfort Bridge, Alberta, then commits suicide. It is the deadliest peace-time incident for the RCMP since 1885 and the North-West Rebellion.
● 2005 - Steve Fossett becomes the first person to fly an airplane around the world solo without any stops without refueling - a journey of 40,234 km/25,000 mi completed in 67 hours and 2 minutes. {He will later be declared dead when after flying a small plane he is assumed lost and killed in an accident where no wreckage is found.}
● 2005 - The freighter M/V Karen Danielsen, crashes into part of the Great Belt Bridge of Denmark, 800 m from Funen. All traffic across the bridge stops, effectively separating Denmark in two.
● 2006 - Former Congressman Randy "Duke" Cunningham was sentenced by a federal judge in San Diego to more than eight years in prison for corruption.
● 2007 - The first of two total lunar eclipses in 2007, observed during the late hours (penumbral eclipse beginning 20:18:11 UT and reaching totality at 23:20:56 UT), will be unique in that it was partly visible from every continent around the world.
BIRTHS
● 1455 - King John II of Portugal (d. 1495)
● 1520 - Matthias Flacius, Croatian Protestant reformer (d. 1575)
● 1583 - Edward Herbert, 1st Baron Herbert of Cherbury, English diplomat, poet, and philosopher (d. 1648)
● 1589 - Gisbertus Voetius, Dutch theologian (d. 1676)
● 1606 - Edmund Waller, British poet (d. 1687)
● 1652 - Thomas Otway, British dramatist (d. 1685)
● 1678 - Madeleine de Verchères, French Canadian heroine (d. 1747)
● 1778 - Frederica of Mecklenburg-Strelitz, Queen of Hannover (d. 1841)
● 1793 - William Charles Macready, English actor (d. 1873)
● 1800 - Heinrich Georg Bronn, German geologist (d. 1862)
● 1805 - Jonas Furrer, first President of the Swiss Confederation (d. 1861)
● 1831 - George Pullman, American inventor and industrialist (d. 1897)
● 1839 - Jamsetji Tata, Indian industrialist (d. 1904)
● 1841 - Sir John Murray, Scottish naturalist (d. 1914)
● 1845 - Georg Cantor, German mathematician (d. 1918)
● 1847 - Alexander Graham Bell, Scottish inventor (d. 1922)
● 1851 - Alexandros Papadiamantis, Greek author (d. 1911)
● 1860 - John Montgomery Ward, American baseball player (d. 1925)
● 1860 - Monte Ward, Baseball player (d. 1925)
● 1863 - Arthur Machen, Welsh-born author (d. 1947)
● 1866 - Fred A. Busse, Mayor of Chicago (d. 1914)
● 1871 - Maurice Garin, French cyclist (d. 1957)
● 1873 - William Green, American labor union leader (d. 1952)
● 1878 - Leopold Jessner, German Expressionist theatrical producer and director (d. 1945)
● 1880 - Florence Auer, American actress (d. 1962)
● 1880 - Yōsuke Matsuoka, Minister for Foreign Affairs of Japan (d. 1946)
● 1883 - Cyril Burt, educational psychologist (d. 1971)
● 1886 - Tore Ørjasæter, Norwegian poet (d. 1968)
● 1890 - Norman Bethune, Canadian doctor and humanitarian (d. 1939)
● 1891 - Damaskinos, Greek archbishop of Athens (d. 1949)
● 1893 - Beatrice Wood, American artist and ceramicist (d. 1998)
● 1895 - Matthew Ridgway, Supreme Allied Commander of NATO, U.S. Army Chief of Staff (d. 1993)
● 1895 - Ragnar Anton Kittil Frisch, Norwegian economist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1973)
● 1910 - Kittens Reichert, American silent screen child actor (d. 1990)
● 1911 - Hugues Lapointe, Canadian politician and Lieutenant governor of Quebec (d. 1982)
● 1911 - Jean Harlow, American actress (d. 1937)
● 1918 - Dr. Arthur Kornberg, American Nobel Prize laureate in 1959 for the discovery of DNA polymerase (d. 2007)
● 1918 - Fritz Thiedemann, German equestrian (d. 2000)
● 1920 - James Doohan, Canadian-born actor (d. 2005)
● 1920 - Julius Boros, American golfer (d. 1994)
● 1920 - Ronald Searle, British illustrator
● 1922 - Nándor Hidegkuti, Hungarian footballer (d. 2002)
● 1923 - Barney Martin, American actor (d. 2005)
● 1923 - Doc Watson, American musician
● 1924 - Ali Faik Zaghloul, Egyptian radio presenter
● 1924 - Tomiichi Murayama, former Prime Minister of Japan
● 1926 - James Merrill, American poet (d. 1995)
● 1926 - Joseph Anthony Ferrario, American Catholic prelate (d. 2003)
● 1926 - Lys Assia, Swiss singer
● 1927 - Pierre Aubert, member of the Swiss Federal Council
● 1930 - Heiner Geißler, German politician
● 1930 - Ion Iliescu, President of Romania
● 1933 - Alfredo Landa, Spanish actor
● 1933 - Lee Radziwill, American fashion executive
● 1933 - Marco Antonio Muñiz, Mexican singer (Los Tres Aces)
● 1937 - Bobby Driscoll, American actor (d. 1968)
● 1940 - Germán Castro Caycedo, Colombian writer and journalist
● 1940 - Owen Spencer-Thomas, English broadcaster, journalist and Anglican clergyman
● 1940 - Perry Ellis, fashion designer (d. 1986)
● 1942 - Mike Pender, English singer and guitarist (The Searchers)
● 1945 - George Miller, Australian film director
● 1945 - Hattie Winston, Actress
● 1946 - John Virgo, English snooker player
● 1947 - Jennifer Warnes, American singer and songwriter
● 1947 - Otto Stuppacher, Austrian racing driver (d. 2001)
● 1948 - Snowy White, British guitarist (Thin Lizzy, Pink Floyd)
● 1949 - Gloria Hendry, American actress
● 1949 - Jesse Jefferson, American baseball player
● 1949 - Jüri Allik, Estonian psychologist
● 1950 - Tim Kazurinsky, American actor and comedian
● 1951 - Lindsay Cooper, English musician and composer (Henry Cow, News from Babel)
● 1952 - Dermot Morgan, Irish actor and comedian (d. 1998)
● 1953 - Robyn Hitchcock, British musician
● 1953 - Zico, Brazilian footballer
● 1954 - Édouard Lock, Canadian dance choreographer (La La La Human Steps)
● 1955 - Andy Breckman, American comedian and radio personality
● 1956 - Zbigniew Boniek, Polish footballer
● 1958 - Marc Silvestri, American comic book artist and publisher (Top Cow Productions)
● 1958 - Miranda Richardson, British actress
● 1959 - Ira Glass, American radio host
● 1960 - Colin Wells, English cricketer
● 1960 - Neal Heaton, American baseball player
● 1961 - Fatima Whitbread, English javelin thrower
● 1961 - Knut Nærum, Norwegian comedian
● 1961 - Mary Page Keller, Actress
● 1961 - Perry McCarthy, English racing driver
● 1962 - Glen E. Friedman, American photographer and artist
● 1962 - Herschel Walker, American football player
● 1962 - Jackie Joyner-Kersee, American athlete
● 1963 - Sophia Aliberti, Greek actress and TV presenter
● 1964 - Duncan Phillips, Australian drummer (Newsboys)
● 1964 - Laura Harring, Mexican-born American actress
● 1964 - Raúl Alcalá, Mexican cyclist
● 1966 - Fernando Colunga, Mexican actor
● 1966 - Timo Tolkki, Finnish musician (Stratovarius)
● 1966 - Tone Lōc, American rapper and actor
● 1968 - Brian Leetch, American ice hockey player
● 1969 - John Bigham, Rock musician
● 1969 - Simon Whitlock, Australian Darts Player
● 1970 - Inzamam-ul-Haq, Pakistani cricketer
● 1970 - Julie Bowen, American actress
● 1971 - Brett Warren, Country singer (The Warren Brothers)
● 1971 - Tyler Florence, chef, Food Network personality, & cookbook author
● 1972 - Darren Anderton, English footballer
● 1973 - Romāns Vainšteins, Latvian cyclist
● 1973 - Victoria Zdrok, Ukrainian model
● 1974 - David Faustino, American actor (''Married... With Children'')
● 1976 - Fraser Gehrig, Australian rules footballer
● 1977 - Ronan Keating, Irish singer (Boyzones)
● 1977 - Stéphane Robidas, Canadian ice hockey player
● 1978 - Matt Diaz, American baseball player
● 1978 - Seomoon Tak, Korean singer
● 1979 - Alex Zane, English comedian
● 1979 - Patrick Renna, American actor
● 1980 - Mason Unck, American football player
● 1981 - Dusty Dvoracek, American football player
● 1981 - Emmanuel Pappoe, Ghanaian footballer
● 1981 - Kim Yoo-Jin (Eugene), South Korean singer and actress
● 1981 - Lil' Flip, American rapper
● 1981 - Sung Yu Ri, South Korean singer and actress
● 1982 - Jessica Biel, American actress (''7th Heaven'')
● 1983 - Maite Perroni, singer in the Latin Pop group RBD
● 1985 - Sam Morrow, Northern Irish footballer
● 1986 - Stacie Orrico, American singer
● 1992 - Madison Cross, American singer and actress
● 1997 - Maria Francisca Isabel de Bragança, Infanta, daughter of Duarte Pio, Duke of Braganza
DEATHS
● 1111 - Bohemund I, Prince of Antioch
● 1239 - Vladimir III Rurikovich, Grand Prince of Kiev (b. 1187)
● 1459 - Ausiàs March, Catalan poet (b. 1397)
● 1554 - John Frederick, Elector of Saxony (b. 1503)
● 1703 - Robert Hooke, English scientist (b. 1635)
● 1706 - Johann Pachelbel, German composer (b. 1653)
● 1707 - Aurangzeb, Mughal Emperor of India (b. 1618)
● 1717 - Pierre Allix, French Protestant pastor (b. 1641)
● 1744 - Jean Barbeyrac, French jurist
● 1765 - William Stukeley, English archaeologist (b. 1687)
● 1768 - Nicola Porpora, Italian composer (b. 1686)
● 1792 - Robert Adam, Scottish architect (b. 1728)
● 1850 - Oliver Cowdery, American religious leader (b. 1806)
● 1894 - Ned Williamson, American baseball player (b. 1857)
● 1899 - William P. Sprague, American politician from Ohio (b. 1827)
● 1927 - J.G. Parry-Thomas, Welsh motor-racing driver (b. 1884)
● 1927 - Mikhail Artsybashev, Russian writer (b. 1878)
● 1932 - Eugen d'Albert, German composer (b. 1864)
● 1943 - George Thompson, English cricketer (b. 1877)
● 1953 - James J. Jeffries, American heavyweight boxer (b. 1875)
● 1959 - Lou Costello, American actor and comedian (b. 1906)
● 1961 - Paul Wittgenstein, Austrian-born pianist (b. 1887)
● 1966 - Alice Pearce, American actress (b. 1917)
● 1966 - William Frawley, American actor (b. 1887)
● 1982 - Georges Perec, French writer (b. 1936)
● 1983 - Arthur Koestler, Austrian writer (b. 1905)
● 1983 - Hergé, Belgian comics creator (b. 1907)
● 1987 - Danny Kaye, American actor, singer, and comedian (b. 1913)
● 1988 - Sewall Wright, American biologist (b. 1889)
● 1990 - Gérard Blitz, Belgian waterpoloist and entrepreneur (b. 1912)
● 1991 - Arthur Murray, American dancer and dance instructor (b. 1895)
● 1993 - Albert Sabin, Polish-born medical researcher (b. 1906)
● 1993 - Carlos Marcello, Tunisian-born gangster (b. 1910)
● 1993 - Carlos Montoya, flamenco guitarist (b. 1903)
● 1995 - Howard W. Hunter, president of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (b. 1907)
● 1996 - John Cardinal Krol, American Catholic clergyman (b. 1910)
● 1996 - Marguerite Duras, French writer (b. 1914)
● 1998 - Fred Friendly, American broadcast executive (b. 1915)
● 1999 - Gerhard Herzberg, German-born chemist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1904)
● 2000 - Toni Ortelli, Italian composer and alpinist (b. 1904)
● 2001 - Louis Edmonds, American actor (b. 1923)
● 2002 - Harlan Howard, American musician (b. 1927)
● 2003 - Goffredo Petrassi, Italian composer (b. 1904)
● 2003 - Horst Buchholz, German actor (b. 1933)
● 2003 - Luis Marden, American photojournalist (b. 1913)
● 2003 - Peter Smithson, English architect (b. 1923)
● 2004 - Cecily Adams, American actress and casting director (b. 1958)
● 2005 - Max M. Fisher, American philanthropist (b. 1928)
● 2005 - Rinus Michels, Dutch football coach (b. 1928)
● 2006 - Ivor Cutler, Scottish poet (b. 1923)
● 2006 - William Herskovic, Holocaust hero and philanthropist (b. 1914)
HOLIDAYS AND OBSERVANCES
● Roman Catholic:
● St. Anselm of Nonantola
● St. Arthelais
● St. Calupan
● St. Camilla
● St. Cele-Christ
● St. Cleonicus
● St. Cunegundes
● St. Felix
● St. Foila
● Sts. Hemiterius and Cheledonius
● St. Katharine Drexel
● St. Lamalisse
● Sts. Marinus and Asterius
● St. Non
● St. Sacer
● St. Titian
● St. Winwaloc
● Bl. Mary Angela Truszkowska
● Russian Orthodox Christian Menaion Calendar for February 20 (Civil Date: March 3)
● St. Leo, Bishop of Catania in Sicily.
● St. Agatho, pope of Rome.
● Hieromartyr Sadoc (Sadoth), Bishop of Persia, and 128 Martyrs with him.
● Beheading of St. Cornelius, abbot of the Pskov Caves, and his disciple St. Bessian of Murom.
● St. Agatho, wonderworker of the Kiev Caves.
● St. Bessarion the Great, wonderworker of Egypt.
● Greek Calendar:
● St. Cindeus, Bishop of Pisidia.
● St. Plotinus, monk.
● Abbot Macarius and 34 monks and novices of Valaam martyred by the Lutherans (1578).
● The Moslem World - Mohammed's Birthday
● Bulgaria - Liberation from Ottoman Rule Day (1878)
● Georgia (Country) - Mothers Day
● Grenada - Partial Independence Day (1967)
● Hawaii - Japanese Girl's Day
● Japan – Hinamatsuri, celebration day for girls.
● Malawi - Martyr's Day.
● Morocco - National Day (1961)
● Sudan - Unity Day
● Admission Day to the United States
● Florida - 27th state (1845)
● World Day of Prayer
THIS IS AN ABBREVIATED POST FOR THIS DATE USING ONLY THE FOLLOWING EIGHT SOURCES. A COMPLETE POST IS PLANNED AS SOON AS TIME ALLOWS.
This Previous Day in History Post With
This Original Wikipedia List form the core of this post.
Additional facts taken from:
Information on Geov Parrish's this Day in Radical History, things that happened on this day that you never had to memorize in school.
Roman Catholic Saint of the Day
Russian Orthodox Christian Menaion Calendar
Liberal Quotes of the Day taken from The Best Liberal Quotes Ever: Why the Left Is Right Compiled by William P. Martin ©2004
Quotes from the Right of the Day taken from Take Them at Their Words: Startling, Amusing and Baffling Quotations from the GOP and Their Friends, 1994-2004 Compiled by Bruce J. Miller with Diana Maio ©2004
Dumbest Thing Said for the Day taken from 1001 Dumbest Things Ever Said Edited by Steven D. Price ©2004
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