November 8......

November 8 is the 312th day of the year (313th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. There are 53 days remaining in the year on this date.

EVENTS

● 1519 - Hernán Cortés enters Tenochtitlán and Aztec ruler Moctezuma welcomes him with great pomp as would befit a returning god.

● 1520 - Stockholm Bloodbath begins: A successful invasion of Sweden by Danish forces results in the execution of around 100 persons.

● 1576 - Eighty Years' War: Pacification of Ghent - The States-General of the Netherlands meet and unite to oppose Spanish occupation.

● 1602 - The Bodleian Library at Oxford University is opened to the public.

● 1620 - The Battle of White Mountain, the first battle in the Thirty Years' War, takes place near Prague, ending in a decisive Catholic victory in only two hours.

● 1793 - In Paris, the French Revolutionary government opens the Louvre to the public as a museum.

● 1837 - Mary Lyon founds Mount Holyoke Female Seminary, which would later become Mount Holyoke College

● 1861 - American Civil War: The "Trent Affair" – The USS San Jacinto stops the United Kingdom mailship Trent and arrests two Confederate envoys, sparking a diplomatic crisis between the UK and US.

● 1864 - U.S. presidential election, 1864: Abraham Lincoln is reelected in an overwhelming victory over George McClellan.

● 1889 - Montana is admitted as the 41st U.S. state.

● 1892 - U.S. presidential election, 1892: Grover Cleveland is elected over Benjamin Harrison and James B. Weaver becoming the only president to win non-consecutive terms in the White House.

● 1895 - While experimenting with electricity Wilhelm Röntgen discovers x-rays.

● 1899 - The Bronx Zoo opens

● 1917 - People's Commissars gives authority to Lenin, Trotsky and Stalin

● 1923 - Beer Hall Putsch: In Munich, Adolf Hitler leads the Nazis in an unsuccessful attempt to overthrow the German government.

● 1932 - U.S. presidential election, 1932: Democratic New York Governor Franklin D. Roosevelt defeats incumbent Republican Herbert Hoover in a landslide victory.

● 1933 - Great Depression: New Deal - US President Franklin D. Roosevelt unveils the Civil Works Administration, an organization designed to create jobs for more than 4 million of the unemployed.

● 1935 - A dozen labor leaders come together to announce the creation of the Congress of Industrial Organizations (CIO), an organization charged with pushing the cause for industrial unionism.

● 1935 - Fernand Bouisson becomes Prime Minister of France

● 1937 - The Nazi exhibition Der ewige Jude ("the eternal Jew") opens in Munich.

● 1937 - The Chinese Youth Journalist Association was created in Shanghai. The day has become Chinese Journalist Day.

● 1939 - Venlo Incident: Two British agents of SIS are captured by the Germans.

● 1939 - In Munich, Adolf Hitler narrowly escapes an assassination attempt while celebrating the 16th anniversary of the Beer Hall Putsch.

● 1941 - Albanian Communist Party founded.

● 1942 - Holocaust: In Ternopil, western Ukraine, German SS deport about 2,400 Jews from Ternopil ghetto to the Belzec death camp, so called "Second Aktion". When the Germans captured Ternopil, about 18,000 Jews lived in the city.

● 1942 - World War II: Operation Torch - United States and United Kingdom forces land in French North Africa.

● 1942 - World War II: French resistance coup in Algiers, by which 400 Civil French patriots neutralized Vichyst XIXth Army Corps during 15 hours, arrested vichyst generals (Juin, Darlan, etc.), and so allowed the immediate success of Operation Torch in Algiers, then, from there, to the whole French North Africa.

● 1950 - Korean War: United States Air Force Lt. Russell J. Brown shoots down two North Korean MiG-15s in the first jet aircraft-to-jet aircraft dogfight in history.

● 1950 - Pope Pius XII witnesses the "Miracle of the Sun" while at the Vatican

● 1957 - Inquiry publishes cause of nuclear fire; An report into the fire at Windscale nuclear power plant in Cumbria blames the accident on human error, poor management and faulty instruments.

● 1960 - U.S. presidential election, 1960: John F. Kennedy is elected over Richard M. Nixon, becoming the youngest man elected to that office.

● 1965 - The British Indian Ocean Territory is created, consisting of Chagos Archipelago, Aldabra, Farquhar and Des Roches islands.

● 1965 - The 173rd Airborne is ambushed by over 1,200 Viet Cong in Operation Hump during the Vietnam War.

● 1965 - The soap opera Days of Our Lives debuts on NBC in the United States.

● 1966 - Former Massachusetts Attorney General Edward Brooke becomes the first African American elected to the United States Senate.

● 1966 - U.S. President Lyndon Johnson signs into law an antitrust exemption allowing the National Football League to merge with the upstart American Football League.

● 1966 - Ronald Reagan was elected governor of California.

● 1971 - The fourth album of British rock group Led Zeppelin (Led Zeppelin IV) is released, including one of the group's most well known songs, "Stairway to Heaven".

● 1973 - The right ear of John Paul Getty III is delivered to a newspaper together with a ransom note, convincing his father to pay 2.9 million USD.

● 1974 - In Salt Lake City, Utah, Carol DaRonch narrowly escapes abduction by serial killer Ted Bundy.

● 1974 - Police hunt Lord Lucan after murder; Detectives are searching for British aristocrat Lord Lucan following the death of his children's nanny last night.

● 1974 - Man jailed for forging PM's signature; Businessman Ronald Milhench who forged Harold Wilson's signature to help pull off a deal has been jailed for three years. The judge, Mr Justice Crichton, told Milhench he was a "very simple but a dishonest man". Milhench, 37, had admitted eight charges against him ranging from firearms offences to forging a letter from the prime minister. The letter, on Harold Wilson's personal notepaper, purported to show the prime minister's support for a property deal in which Milhench was involved.

● 1979 - Foundation of the Chilean Communist Party (Proletarian Action).

● 1987 - Remembrance Day Bombing: In Enniskillen, County Fermanagh, Northern Ireland, an Provisional Irish Republican Army bomb explodes, at a ceremony honouring Britain's war dead, killing eleven people.

● 1988 - U.S. presidential election, 1988: Vice President George H.W. Bush won the presidential election, defeating Massachusetts Gov. Michael Dukakis.

● 1990 - Ireland elects first woman president; Voters in the Republic of Ireland choose their first female president.

● 1991 - Marion Barry is reelected mayor of Washington, D.C..

● 1994 - For the first time in 40 years the United States Republican Party takes control of both the House of Representatives and the Senate in midterm congressional elections.

● 1997 - US president Bill Clinton speaks at a dinner sponsored by the Human Rights Campaign, the USA's largest gay rights organization.

● 1997 - Chinese engineers diverted the Yangtze River to make way for the Three Gorges Dam.

● 2000 - A statewide recount of presidential election ballots began in Florida. Vice President Al Gore telephoned Texas Gov. George W. Bush to concede the election, but called back about an hour later to retract his concession.

● 2000 - Waco special counsel John C. Danforth released his final report absolving the government of wrongdoing in the 1993 siege at the Branch Davidian compound in Texas.

● 2002 - Iraq disarmament crisis: UN Security Council Resolution 1441 – The United Nations Security Council unanimously approves a resolution on Iraq, forcing Saddam Hussein to disarm or face "serious consequences".

● 2003 - Royal baby born prematurely; The Countess of Wessex has been rushed into hospital to give birth to a girl, a month early. The baby weighs just 4lbs 9oz (2 kg) and was delivered by emergency Caesarian section at Frimley Park hospital in Surrey at 2332 GMT. She was born without her father present: Prince Edward, the Earl of Wessex, was on an official visit to Mauritius. He is flying home to be with his wife and daughter. The countess, 38, called an ambulance after being taken ill with cramps at her home in Bagshot Park. The baby would be named Lady Louise Windsor.

● 2004 - War in Iraq: More than 10,000 U.S. troops and a small number of Iraqi army units participate in a siege on the insurgent stronghold of Fallujah.

● 2005 - Democratic U.S. Senator Jon Corzine is elected governor of New Jersey.

BIRTHS

● 35 - Nerva, Roman Emperor (d. 98)

● 1491 - Teofilo Folengo, Italian poet (d. 1544)

● 1622 - King Gustav X Charles of Sweden (1654-60) (d. 1660)

● 1656 (N.S.) - Edmond Halley, British astronomer and mathematician (d. 1742)

● 1706 - Johann Ulrich von Cramer, German judge and philosopher (d. 1772)

● 1710 - Sarah Fielding, English writer (d. 1768)

● 1715 - Elisabeth Christine von Braunschweig-Bevern, wife of Frederick II of Prussia (d. 1797)

● 1723 - John Byron, British naval officer (d. 1786)

● 1836 - Milton Bradley, American lithographer and game manufacturer (d. 1911)

● 1847 - Jean Casimir-Perier, French politician (d. 1907)

● 1847 - Bram Stoker, Irish novelist wrote "Dracula" (d. 1912)

● 1848 - Gottlob Frege, German mathematician and logician (d. 1925)

● 1854 - Johannes Rydberg, Swedish physicist (d. 1919)

● 1866 - Herbert Austin, Baron Austin, English automotive engineer; founder and first chairman of Austin Motor Company (d. 1941)

● 1868 - Felix Hausdorff, German mathematician (d. 1942)

● 1869 - Zinaida Gippius, Russian woman-poet in exile in France (d. 1945)

● 1883 - Arnold Bax, English composer (d. 1953)

● 1884 - Hermann Rorschach, Swiss psychiatrist (d. 1922)

● 1885 - Hans Cloos, German geologist (d. 1951)

● 1885 - Tomoyuki Yamashita, Japanese general (d. 1946)

● 1893 - Clarence Williams, American jazz pianist and composer (d. 1965)

● 1893 - Prajadhipok, Rama VII, king of Thailand (d. 1941)

● 1896 - Bucky Harris, baseball player (d. 1977)

● 1897 - Dorothy Day, social activist (d. 1980)

● 1898 - Marie Prevost, Canadian actress (d. 1937)

● 1900 - Margaret Mitchell, American author of "Gone With The Wind" (d. 1949)

● 1900 - Charlie Paddock, American athlete (d. 1943)

● 1904 - Cedric Belfrage English-born writer (d. 1990)

● 1908 - Martha Gellhorn, American writer and journalist (d. 1998)

● 1914 - Norman Lloyd, Actor

● 1916 - June Havoc, Actress

● 1918 - Hermann Zapf, German designer

● 1919 - P. L. Deshpande, Indian author (d. 2000)

● 1920 - Esther Rolle, American actress (d. 1998)

● 1922 - Christiaan Barnard, South African heart surgeon (d. 2001)

● 1922 - Ademir Marques de Menezes, Brazilian footballer (d. 1996)

● 1923 - Jack Kilby, American electrical engineer, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physics (d. 2005)

● 1927 - Nguyen Khanh, Prime Minister of South Vietnam

● 1927 - Patti Page, American singer

● 1927 - Chris Connor, Jazz singer

● 1929 - António Castanheira Neves, Portuguese legal philosopher

● 1931 - Darla Hood, American actress (d. 1979)

● 1931 - Morley Safer, Canadian journalist (''60 Minutes'')

● 1935 - Alain Delon, French actor

● 1942 - Angel Cordero Jr., Puerto Rican jockey

● 1943 - Martin Peters, English footballer

● 1944 - Bonnie Bramlett, Singer

● 1946 - Guus Hiddink, Dutch/Korean/Australian football (soccer) coach

● 1947 - Minnie Riperton, American singer (d. 1979)

● 1949 - Bonnie Raitt, American singer

● 1950 - Mary Hart, TV host (''Entertainment Tonight'')

● 1952 - Jan Raas, Dutch cyclist

● 1952 - Christie Hefner, CEO of Playboy Enterprises; daughter of Hugh Hefner

● 1952 - John Denny, baseball player

● 1953 - Alfre Woodard, American actress

● 1954 - Michael D. Brown, U.S. Federal Emergency Management Agency director

● 1954 - Rickie Lee Jones, American singer and composer

● 1954 - Jeanette McGruder, American musician (P Funk)

● 1958 - Don Byron, American clarinetist

● 1961 - Leif Garrett, American singer and actor

● 1967 - Courtney Thorne-Smith, American actress (''According to Jim'')

● 1966 - Gordon Ramsay, British chef

● 1968 - Parker Posey, American actress

● 1968 - Zara Whites, Dutch porn actress

● 1969 - Roxana Zal, Actress

● 1970 - Diana King, Singer

● 1970 - José Francisco Porras, Costa Rican footballer

● 1971 - Carlos Atanes, Spanish film director

● 1974 - Masashi Kishimoto,Japanese mangaka

● 1975 - Tara Reid, American actress

● 1976 - Brett Lee, Australian cricketer

● 1977 - Flo Jalin, import car model

● 1977 - Bucky Covington, American Idol finalist

● 1978 - Ali Karimi, Iranian footballer

● 1979 - Aaron Hughes, Northern Irish footballer

● 1981 - Joe Cole, English footballer

● 1981 - Azura Skye, Actress

● 1983 - Chris Rankin, Actor (''Harry Potter'' movies)

● 1983 - Kat Shoob, British television presenter

● 1983 - Blanka Vlašić, Croatian high jumper

● 1985 - Jack Osbourne, American TV-star, son of Ozzy Osbourne (''The Osbournes'')

● 2003 - Lady Louise Windsor, British royalty

DEATHS

● 911 - Louis the Child, last Carolingian ruler of the East Franks (b. 893)

● 955 - Pope Agapetus II

● 1171 - Baldwin IV, Count of Hainaut (b. 1108)

● 1226 - King Louis VIII of France (b. 1187)

● 1246 - Berenguela of Castile, wife of Alfonso IX of Castile (b. 1180)

● 1308 - Duns Scotus, Scottish philosopher

● 1517 - Francisco Cardinal Jiménez de Cisneros, Spanish statesman (b. 1436)

● 1527 - Jerome Emser, German theologian (b. 1477)

● 1599 - Francisco Guerrero, Spanish composer (b. 1528)

● 1600 - Natsuka Masaie, Japanese warlord (b. 1562)

● 1605 - Robert Catesby, English conspirator (b. 1573)

● 1658 - Witte Corneliszoon de With, Dutch naval officer (b. 1599)

● 1674 - John Milton, English poet (b. 1608)

● 1719 - Michel Rolle, French mathematician (b. 1652)

● 1817 - Andrea Appiani, Italian painter (b. 1754)

● 1830 - King Francis I of the Two Sicilies (b. 1777)

● 1887 - Doc Holliday, American gambler and gunfighter (b. 1851)

● 1890 - César Franck, Belgian composer and organist (b. 1822)

● 1905 - Victor Borisov-Musatov, Russian painter (b. 1870)

● 1917 - Colin Blythe, English cricketer (b. 1879)

● 1934 - Carlos Chagas, Brazilian physician (b. 1879)

● 1945 - August von Mackensen, German field marshal (b. 1849)

● 1949 - Cyriel Verschaeve, Belgian clergyman (b. 1874)

● 1953 - Ivan Alekseyevich Bunin, Russian writer, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1870)

● 1953 - John van Melle, South African author (b. 1887)

● 1977 - Bucky Harris, baseball player (b. 1896)

● 1978 - Norman Rockwell, American illustrator (b. 1894)

● 1985 - Nicolas Frantz, Luxembourgish cyclist (b. 1899)

● 1986 - Vyacheslav Molotov, Russian politician (b. 1890)

● 1993 - Andrey Nikolayevich Tychonoff, Russian mathematician (b. 1906)

● 1998 - Jean Marais, French actor (b. 1913)

● 1999 - Leon Štukelj, Slovenian gymnast (b. 1898)

● 2002 - Jon Elia, Pakistani scholar, poet and philosopher (b. 1931)

● 2003 - C. Z. Guest, American socialite (b. 1920)

● 2005 - David Westheimer, American novelist (b. 1917)

HOLIDAYS AND OBSERVANCES

● Roman Catholic Saints:
● Four Holy Crowned Ones (martyrs)


Click on this LINK to see original Wikipedia list with many having links with details.

Additional facts taken from:

On this day in the New York Times

The BBC’s Take on the day

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