October 30......

October 30 is the 303rd day of the year (304th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. There are 62 days remaining in the year on this date.

EVENTS

● 1137 - Battle of Rignano between Ranulf of Apulia and Roger II of Sicily.

● 1270 - The Eighth Crusade and siege of Tunis end by an agreement between Charles I of Sicily (brother to King Louis IX of France, who had died months earlier) and the sultan of Tunis.

● 1340 - Battle of Rio Salado

● 1470 - Henry VI of England returns to the English throne after Earl of Warwick defeats Yorkists in battle.

● 1831 - In Southampton County, Virginia, escaped slave Nat Turner is captured and arrested for leading the bloodiest slave revolt in United States history.

● 1864 - Second war of Schleswig ends: Duke Frederick and the Danish Crown recognize Prussia's and Austria's annexation of Schleswig, Holstein and Lauenburg.

● 1864 - Helena, Montana is founded after four prospectors discover gold at "Last Chance Gulch."

● 1894 - Domenico Menegatti obtains a patent for a procedure to be applied in producing pandoro industrially.

● 1905 - Tsar Nicholas II of Russia grants Russia's first constitution, creating a legislative assembly.

● 1918 - The Ottoman Empire signs an armistice with the Allies, ending the First World War in the Middle East

● 1920 - The Communist Party of Australia founded in Sydney.

● 1925 - John Logie Baird creates Britain's first television transmitter.

● 1929 - The Stuttgart Cable Car is constructed in Stuttgart, Germany.

● 1938 - The radio play ''The War of the Worlds,'' starring Orson Welles, aired on CBS. The live drama, which employed fake news reports, panicked some listeners who thought its portrayal of a Martian invasion was true.

● 1941 - World War II: Franklin Delano Roosevelt approves US$1 billion in Lend-Lease aid to the Soviet Union.

● 1941 - 1.500 Jews from Pidhaytsi (in western Ukraine) were sent by Nazis to Belzec extermination camp.

● 1944 - Anne Frank is deported from Auschwitz to the Bergen-Belsen concentration camp.

● 1947 - The General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT), which is the foundation of the World Trade Organisation (WTO) is founded.

● 1950 - Pope Pius XII witnesses the "Miracle of the Sun" while at the Vatican"[1]

● 1953 - Cold War: US President Dwight D. Eisenhower formally approves the top secret document National Security Council Paper No. 162/2, which states that the United States' arsenal of nuclear weapons must be maintained and expanded to counter the communist threat.

● 1953 - Gen. George C. Marshall was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize.

● 1957 - Lords to admit first women peers; The Government reveals details of plans to reform the House of Lords which include creating the first women life peerages.

● 1960 - Michael Woodruff performs the first successful kidney transplant in the United Kingdom at the Edinburgh Royal Infirmary.

● 1961 - Nuclear testing: The Soviet Union detonates the hydrogen bomb Tsar Bomba over Novaya Zemlya; at 58 megatons of yield, it is still the largest nuclear device ever detonated. Nikita Kruschev announces that the scientists had planned to make it 100 megatons, but had reduced the yield so as to avoid breaking all the windows in Moscow. World condemns Russia's nuclear test; provoked widespread anger from around the world.

● 1961 - Due to "violations of Lenin's precepts", it is decreed that Josef Stalin's body be removed from its place of honour inside Lenin's tomb and buried near the Kremlin wall with a plain granite marker instead.

● 1965 - Vietnam War: Just miles from Da Nang, United States Marines repel an intense attack by wave after wave of Viet Cong forces, killing 56 guerrillas. Among the dead, a sketch of Marine positions was found on the body of a 13-year-old Vietnamese boy who sold drinks to the Marines the day before.

● 1966 - The Zodiac Killer kills his first victim, 18-year old Cheri Jo Bates, in Riverside, California.

● 1968 - The film The Lion in Winter, starring Katharine Hepburn, debuts.

● 1970 - In Vietnam, the worst monsoon to hit the area in six years causes large floods, kills 293, leaves 200,000 homeless and virtually halts the Vietnam War.

● 1972 - US President Richard Nixon approves legislation to increase Social Security spending by US$5.3 billion.

● 1974 - "The Rumble in the Jungle": Muhammad Ali knocks out George Foreman in Kinshasa, Zaire to regain the World Heavyweight Boxing championship.

● 1975 - The New York Daily News ran the headline ''Ford to City: Drop Dead'' a day after President Gerald R. Ford said he would veto any proposed federal bailout of New York City.

● 1975 - Prince Juan Carlos becomes Spain's acting head of state, taking over for the country's ailing dictator, Gen. Francisco Franco.

● 1980 - El Salvador and Honduras sign a peace treaty to put the border dispute fought over in 1969's Football War before the International Court of Justice.

● 1981 - Euthanasia chief jailed over suicides; The secretary of the UK's pro-euthanasia group Exit is sentenced to two and a half years for aiding and abetting suicide.

● 1983 - The first democratic elections in Argentina after seven years of military rule are held.

● 1984 - Pro-Solidarity priest is murdered; Father Jerzy Popieluszko, an outspoken supporter of Poland's banned trade union, is found dead 11 days after he was kidnapped.

● 1985 - Space Shuttle Challenger lifts off for mission STS-61-A, its final successful mission.

● 1987 - In Japan, NEC releases the first 16-bit home entertainment system, the PC-Engine.

● 1988 - Philip Morris buys Kraft Foods for US$13.1 billion.

● 1989 - Mitsubishi Estate Co., a major Japanese real estate concern, announced it was buying 51 percent of Rockefeller Group Inc. of New York.

● 1991 - The Madrid Conference for Middle East peace talks opens. US President George H. W. Bush encourages Arabs and Israelis to "lay down the past" in his opening speech to the Middle East peace conference in Spain.

● 1995 - Quebec sovereignists narrowly lose a referendum for a mandate to negotiate independence from Canada (vote was 50.6% to 49.4%).

● 1997 - A jury in Cambridge, Mass., convicted British au pair Louise Woodward of second-degree murder in the death of 8-month-old Matthew Eappen. The judge later reduced the verdict to manslaughter and set Woodward free.

● 1998 - In Nicaragua, a mudslide caused by Hurricane Mitch killed at least 2,000 people.

● 1999 - Miss Saigon closes in London after 4264 performances.

● 2001 - George W. Bush throws out the first pitch at Game 3 of the World Series at Yankee Stadium, in what was intended to be a defiant gesture, coming just weeks after the Sept. 11 attacks.

● 2001 - Michael Jordan returns to the National Basketball Association with the Washington Wizards after 3½ years (the Wizards lose 93-91 to the New York Knicks).

● 2002 - Jam Master Jay of Run-DMC was shot and killed in a Merrick Boulevard recording studio.

● 2002 - British Digital terrestrial television (DTT) Service Freeview starts transmitting throughout parts of the United Kingdom

● 2002 - Minnesota Democrats tapped the former vice president Walter Mondale to run for the seat of the late Sen. Paul Wellstone less than a week before the election.

● 2004 - A 163-metre (535 foot) radio mast in Peterborough, Cambridgeshire, UK collapses in a fire.

● 2004 - In Punjab, India the expelled BSP leader Satnam Singh Kainth launches Bahujan Samaj Party (Kainth).

● 2005 - The rebuilt Dresden Frauenkirche (destroyed in the firebombing of Dresden during World War II) is reconsecrated after a thirteen-year rebuilding project.

BIRTHS

● 1218 - Emperor Chukyo of Japan (d. 1234)

● 1513 - Jacques Amyot, French writer (d. 1593)

● 1624 - Paul Pellisson, French writer (d. 1693)

● 1735 - John Adams in Braintree, Mass., American revolutionary leader and second President of the United States (1797-1801) (d. 1826)

● 1751 - Richard Sheridan, Irish playwright (d. 1816)

● 1762 - André Chénier, French writer (d. 1794)

● 1821 - Fyodor Dostoevsky, Russian writer (d. 1881)

● 1839 - Alfred Sisley, French Impressionist painter (d. 1899)

● 1844 - Harvey W. Wiley, American chemist (d. 1930)

● 1847 - Galileo Ferraris, Italian physicist (d. 1897)

● 1857 - Georges Gilles de la Tourette, French neurologist (d. 1904)

● 1861 - Antoine Bourdelle, French sculptor (d. 1929)

● 1867 - Louis Winslow Austin, American physicist (d. 1932)

● 1871 - Paul Valery, French poet (d. 1945)

● 1871 - Buck Freeman, baseball player (d. 1949)

● 1882 - William F. Halsey, Jr., American admiral; led World War II Pacific naval campaigns (d. 1959)

● 1882 - Günther von Kluge, German field marshal (d. 1944)

● 1885 - Ezra Pound in Hailey, Idaho, American poet and literary critic (d. 1972)

● 1886 - Zoe Akins, American playwright (d. 1958)

● 1893(92? NYT) - Charles Atlas, Italian-born bodybuilder; co-created mail-order bodybuilding course (d. 1972)

● 1893 - Roland Freisler, German Nazi politician (d. 1945)

● 1895 - Gerhard Domagk, German bacteriologist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (declined) (d. 1964)

● 1895 - Dickinson Woodruff Richards, American physician, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (1956) (d. 1973)

● 1896 - Ruth Gordon, American actress (d. 1985)

● 1897 - Rex Cherryman, American actor (d. 1928)

● 1898 - Bill Terry, baseball player (d. 1989)

● 1900 - Ragnar Granit Finnish neuroscientist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (d. 1991)

● 1906 - Giuseppe Farina, Italian race car driver (d. 1966)

● 1909 - Homi J. Bhabha, Indian physicist (d. 1966)

● 1911 - Ruth Hussey, American actress (d. 2005)

● 1914 - Richard E Holz, American composer

● 1915 - Fred Friendly, The pioneering American broadcast journalist and network executive (d. 1998)

● 1916 - Leon Day, baseball player (d. 1995)

● 1917 - Nikolai Vasilievich Ogarkov, Soviet field marshal (d. 1994)

● 1917 - Maurice Trintignant, French race car driver (d. 2005)

● 1928 - Daniel Nathans, American microbiologist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (1978) (d. 1999)

● 1930 - Nestor Almendros, Spanish cinematographer (d. 1992)

● 1930 - Clifford Brown, noted and highly influential American jazz trumpeter (d. 1956)

● 1932 - Louis Malle, French film director (d. 1995)

● 1934 - Hamilton Camp, Actor

● 1934 - Frans Brüggen, Dutch flutist, recorder player, and conductor

● 1935 - Agota Kristof, Hungarian writer

● 1936 - Dick Vermeil, Football coach

● 1936 - Polina Astakhova, Ukrainian gymnast (d. 2005)

● 1937 - Claude Lelouch, French film director

● 1937 - Dick Gautier, Actor

● 1939 - Leland H. Hartwell, American scientist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine

● 1939 - Grace Slick, American singer (Jefferson Airplane/Starship)

● 1939 - Eddie Holland, Songwriter

● 1939 - Otis Williams, R&B singer (The Temptations)

● 1940 - Ed Lauter, American actor

● 1941 - Theodor W. Hänsch, German physicist, Nobel Prize laureate

● 1941 - Otis Williams, American singer

● 1945 - Henry Winkler, American actor (''Happy Days'')

● 1946 - Chris Slade, Rock musician (Asia)

● 1947 - Timothy B. Schmit, Rock musician (The Eagles)

● 1951 - Harry Hamlin, American actor (''L.A. Law'')

● 1953 - Charles Martin Smith, Actor

● 1954 - T. Graham Brown, Country singer

● 1956 - Juliet Stevenson, English actress

● 1957 - Kevin Pollak, Actor

● 1958 - Joe Delaney, American football player (d. 1983)

● 1958 - Stefan Dennis, Australian actor

● 1960 - Diego Armando Maradona, Argentine footballer

● 1961 - Scott Garrelts, Baseball player

● 1962 - Courtney Walsh, West Indian cricketer

● 1963 - Kristina Wagner, American actress

● 1965 - Gavin Rossdale, English musician

● 1966 - Scott Innes, American voice actor

● 1967 - Ty Detmer, Football player

● 1967 - Gavin Rossdale, Rock musician (Bush)

● 1970 - Nia Long, Actress

● 1970 - Maja Tatic, Bosnia singer

● 1973 - Adam "Edge" Copeland, Canadian professional wrestler

● 1973 - Silvia Corzo, Colombian newsreader

● 1976 - Stern John, Trinidadian footballer

● 1976 - Kassidy Osborn, Country singer (SHeDAISY)

● 1978 - Martin Dossett, American football player

● 1978 - Gael Garcia Bernal, Actor (''The Motorcycle Diaries'')

● 1979 - Yukie Nakama, Japanese actress

● 1980 - Sarah Carter, Canadian actress

● 1981 - Ivanka Trump, American model and daughter of Donald Trump

● 1983 - Iain Hume, Canadian footballer

● 1984 - Eva Pigford, American model and actress

● 1989 - Nastia Liukin, American Gymnast

● 1992 - Tequan Richmond, Actor (''Everybody Hates Chris'')

DEATHS

● 1459 - Gian Francesco Poggio Bracciolini, Italian humanist (b. 1380)

● 1522 - Jean Mouton, French composer

● 1553 - Jacob Sturm von Sturmeck, German statesman and reformer (b. 1489)

● 1602 - Jean-Jacques Boissard, French poet (b. 1528)

● 1611 - King Charles IX of Sweden (b. 1550)

● 1626 - Willebrord Snell, Dutch astronomer and mathematician (b. 1580)

● 1632 - Henri II de Montmorency, French naval officer and Governor of Languedoc (b. 1595)

● 1654 - Emperor Go-Komyo of Japan (b. 1633)

● 1680 - Antoinette Bourignon, Flemish mystic (b. 1616)

● 1685 - Michel le Tellier, French statesman (b. 1603)

● 1816 - Frederick I of Württemberg (b. 1754)

● 1842 - Allan Cunningham, Scottish poet and author (b. 1784)

● 1853 - Pietro Raimondi, Italian composer (b. 1786)

● 1883 - Robert Volkmann, German composer (b. 1815)

● 1893 - John Joseph Caldwell Abbott, third Prime Minister of Canada (b. 1821)

● 1899 - William Henry Webb, American industrialist and philanthropist (b. 1816)

● 1910 - Henry Dunant, Swiss founder of the Red Cross, recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize (b. 1828)

● 1912 - James S. Sherman, Vice President of the United States (b. 1855)

● 1915 - Charles Tupper, sixth Prime Minister of Canada (b. 1821)

● 1957 - Fred Beebe, Baseball player (b. 1880)

● 1968 - Rose Wilder Lane, American journalist and author (b. 1886)

● 1968 - Ramón Novarro, Mexican actor (b. 1899)

● 1969 - Pops Foster, American musician (b. 1892)

● 1975 - Gustav Ludwig Hertz, German physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1887)

● 1978 - Edgar Bergen, American ventriloquist (b. 1903)

● 1979 - Barnes Wallis, British aeronautical engineer (b. 1887)

● 1979 - Donna Rachele Mussolini, Italian, wife of Benito Mussolini (b. 1890)

● 2000 - Steve Allen, TV host, American comedian, author, and composer (b. 1921)

● 2002 - Jam Master Jay, American rapper and musician (Run DMC) (murdered in a shooting in New York City) (b. 1965)

● 2004 - Peggy Ryan, American actress (b. 1924)

● 2005 - Al Lopez, baseball player and manager (b. 1908)

● 2005 - Shamsher Singh Sheri, Indian revolutionary leader (b. 1942)

HOLIDAYS AND OBSERVANCES

● Roman Catholic Saints:
● Blessed Angelus of Acri
● St. Alfonso Rodríguez
● St. Arilda
● St. Artemas
● St. Dorothy of Montau
● St. Herbert
● Blessed John Slade
● St. Macarius
● St. Marcel
● St. Maximus
● St. Saturninus
● St. Serapion
● St. Talacrian
● St. Theonestus
● St. Zenobius & Zenobia

● USA - Mischief Night in some areas (known as Devil's Night in Detroit)

● International Orthopaedic Nurses Day


Click on this LINK to see original Wikipedia list with many having links with details.

Additional facts taken from:

On this day in the New York Times

The BBC’s Take on the day

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