April 12......

April 12 is the 102nd (103rd in leap years) day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. There are 263 days remaining in the year on this date.

Best Liberal Quote of the Day: On Character "The greatest of all faults is to be conscious of none." — Thomas Carlyle

Stupidest Quote from the Right for the Day: On Social and Economic Irresponsibility "Reagan proved deficits don't matter." — Dick Chaney

{Disclaimer: I have attempted to give credit to the many different sources that I get entries. Any failure to do so is unintentional. Any statement enclosed by brackets like these are the opinion of the blogger, A Proud Liberal.}

EVENTS

● 352 - St Julius I ends his reign as Catholic Pope

● 467 - Anthemius is elevated to Emperor of the Western Roman Empire

● 1065 - Pilgrims under bishop Günther of Bamberg reach Jerusalem

● 1111 - Pope Paschalis II crowns Henry V, Roman emperor

● 1204 - The armies of the Fourth Crusade captured and plundered Constantinople and established the Latin Empire.

● 1229 - Queen Blanche of Castilië & earl Raymond VII van Toulouse sign peace

● 1545 - French king François I orders protestants of Vaudois to be killed

● 1557 - Thomas Loseby, Henry Ramsey, Thomas Thirtel, Margaret Hide, and Agnes Stanley burnt for heresy

● 1572 - French-born Swiss reformer Theodore Beza (John Calvin's successor) wrote in a letter to Scottish reformer John Knox: 'They whose citizenship is in heaven ought to have their whole dependence on heaven.'

● 1606 - The Union Flag is adopted as the flag of Great Britain.

● 1633 - The formal inquest of Galileo Galilei by the Inquisition begins.

● 1654 - England, Ireland & Scotland unite

● 1713 - Dutch State-General signs peace with France Netherlands loses Orange Princedom

● 1770 - The British Parliament repealed the Townsend Acts.

● 1776 - North Carolina's Provincial Congress authorized its delegates to the Second Continental Congress to vote for independence by issuing the Halifax Resolves.

● 1782 - During the Revolutionary War, a U.S. militia troop attacks Christian Indians of the Delaware Nation in their villages on western Pennsylvania's Tuscarawas River. The Indians declared themselves neutral in the war against the British. During the attack, the Indians stand their ground but take no defense. Assured no harm will befall them, the Indians allow themselves to be rounded up. The soldiers know the Indians are peaceful, but this does not stop them from killing more than 100 men and women. Eyewitness David Zeisberger describes the Indians - "They prayed and sang until the tomahawks struck into their heads. The Pennsylvania assembly will investigate and condemn the massacre, but will take no action against the soldiers or their commanders.

● 1782 - The British navy won its only naval engagement against the colonists in the American Revolution at the Battle of Saints, off Dominica.

● 1787 - Philadelphia's Free African Society forms

● 1799 - Phineas Pratt patented the comb cutting machine.

● 1799 - The Church Missionary Society was organized in London under the original name of the Society for Missions in Africa and the East. This Anglican missions agency currently works in fields located in Africa, Ceylon, India, Pakistan, Iran, Palestine and the Far East.

● 1811 - 1st US colonists on Pacific coast arrive at Cape Disappointment WA

● 1820 - Alexander Ypsilantis is declared leader of Filiki Eteria, a secret organization to overthrow Ottoman rule over Greece.

● 1833 - Charles Gaylor patented the fireproof safe.

● 1844 - Texas became a US territory

● 1858 - United Sons of Vulcans (steel workers' union) formed in Pittsburgh.

● 1861 - Confederate troops fire the first shot of the Civil War against Fort Sumter, in the harbor of Charleston, South Carolina. The Union commander of the fort had offered to surrender in two days, when his food supply was due to run out. But the Southern officers refuse to allow the delay, fearing, as one later admitted, that Abraham Lincoln and CSA provisional President Jefferson Davis would settle their differences amicably, and the chance of war would slip away forever. Hundreds of thousands die due to their enthusiasm.

● 1862 - James Andrews steals Confederate train (General) at Kennesaw GA

● 1862 - Union troops occupy Fort Pulaski GA

● 1863 - Gunboat battle at Bayou Teche LA

● 1864 - American Civil War: Fort Pillow massacre -- Confederate forces under General Nathan Bedford Forrest kill most of the African American soldiers who had surrendered at Fort Pillow, Tennessee.

● 1864 - Battle of Blair's Landing LA

● 1865 - American Civil War: Mobile, Alabama, falls to the Union Army.

● 1869 - North Carolina legislature passes anti-Klan Law

● 1872 - Jesse James gang robs bank in Columbia KY (1 dead/$1,500)

● 1877 - The United Kingdom annexes the Transvaal.

● 1882 - The Evangelical Reformed Church in Northwest Germany was created by royal decree when the king of Prussia ordered the 124 "reformed" congregations scattered throughout the area to become incorporated as an independent territorial church.

● 1883 - French troops under Lieutenant-Colonel Borgnis-Desbordes occupy Bamako Senegal

● 1892 - Voters in Lockport, New York, became the first in the U.S. to use voting machines.

● 1892 - George C Blickensderfer patents portable typewriter

● 1893 - Ozette Indian reservation established on Olympic Peninsula coast. Later becomes the only reservation in the country inside a National Park (in this case, Olympic National Park). {I believe this to be incorrect as there is an Indian Reservation at the bottom of the Grand Canyon.}

● 1893 - Battle at Hoornkrans Southwest-Africa German Schutztruppen chases away Hottentotten under Hendrik Witbooi

● 1894 - British & Belgian secret accord on dividing Central-Africa

● 1898 - Army transfers Yerba Buena Island in San Francisco Bay to Navy

● 1900 - Birth of Florence Reece. Active in Harlan County, Kentucky coal strikes, and author of the famed labor song "Which Side Are You On?"

● 1900 - American Empire begins in earnest as Puerto Rico is surrendered to the U.S. military authority with the Foraker Law (Organic Act of 1900), establishing civil government and "free" commerce between the island and U.S.

● 1903 - Jan Tinbergen, the Dutch economist who won the Nobel Prize in 1969 for his work with econometric models, was born.

● 1905 - French Dufaux brothers test helicopter

● 1907 - Belgium government of De Stain de Naeyer, resigns

● 1908 - Fire makes 17,000 homeless in Chelsea MA

● 1911 - 1st non-stop London-Paris flight (Pierre Prier in 3 hours 56 minutes)

● 1913 - Georges Cochon, a tapestry maker and the anarchist secretary of the Federation of Tenants, leads several thousand homeless in an invasion of the town hall in Paris.

● 1914 - An 11-day constitutional convention in Hot Springs, Arkansas, ended. During its sessions, the Assemblies of God denomination was founded.

● 1916 - American cavalrymen and Mexican bandit troops clashed at Parrel, Mexico.

● 1917 - World War I: Canadian forces successfully complete the taking of Vimy Ridge from the Germans. It is also considered a major event in Canadian history for the primary role Canadian forces played in the attack.

● 1919 - Italy - Beginning of the founding congress of the l'Union Anarchiste Communiste.

● 1919 - British Parliament passes a 48-hour work week with minimum wages

● 1927 - The British Cabinet came out in favor of women voting rights.

● 1927 - April 12 Incident: Chiang Kai-shek orders the CPC members executed in Shanghai, ending the First United Front (China). --- Shanghai Commune is betrayed by the Communist Party into the hands of K.M.T. troops.

● 1928 - Assassination attempt on king Victor Emmanuel II of Italy

● 1931 - Teresa Claramunt, (1862-1931) dies, Barcelona, Spain. Militant anarchist and feminist.

● 1931 - Spanish voters reject the monarchy

● 1931 - The strongest wind in the world measured at 231 mph was recorded on the summit of Mount Washington

● 1934 - The Auto-Lite Strike, which culminated in a five-day melee between Ohio National Guard troops and 6,000 strikers and picketers, began.

● 1935 - Sixty thousand college students around the U.S. go on strike against war.

● 1935 - Germany prohibits publishing "not-Arian" writers

● 1935 - First flight of the Bristol Blenheim.

● 1937 - Sir Frank Whittle ground-tests the first jet engine designed to power an aircraft, at the British Thomson-Houston factory in Rugby, England.

● 1938 - 1st US law requiring medical tests for marriage licenses (New York)

● 1940 - Italy annexes Albania

● 1941 - Vichy-France's head of government Admiral Dalan consults with Hitler

● 1942 - Japan kills about 400 Filipino officers in Bataan

● 1943 - Allies conquer Soussa, North-Africa

● 1943 - Dutch Catholic University Nijmegen closed

● 1944 - The U.S. Twentieth Air Force was activated to begin the strategic bombing of Japan.

● 1945 - In New York, the organization of the first eye bank, the Eye Bank for Sight Restoration, was announced.

● 1945 - Canadian troops liberate Nazi concentration camp Westerbork, Netherlands

● 1945 - U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt died in Warm Spring, GA. He died of a cerebral hemorrhage at the age of 63. Vice-president Harry S. Truman is sworn in as the 33rd President of the United States.

● 1946 - Syria gains independence from France

● 1951 - Israeli Knesset officially designates April 13 as Holocaust Day

● 1952 - Salaheddine Baccouche forms Tunisian government

● 1954 - Belgian Van Houtte government resigns

● 1955 - The University of Michigan Polio Vaccine Evaluation Center announced that the polio vaccine of Dr. Jonas Salk was "safe, effective and potent."; 4 billion dimes marched

● 1956 - Bandaranaike government forms in Ceylon

● 1957 - Eighteen nuclear physicists warn of danger of nuclear weapons, Gottingen, West Germany.

● 1957 - USSR performs atmospheric nuclear test

● 1958 - Flemish Open air museum opens in Bokrijk

● 1959 - France Observator reports torture practice by French army in Algeria

● 1961 - Human spaceflight: Yuri Gagarin became the first human to travel into space in Vostok 3KA-2 (Vostok 1).

● 1962 - San Mateo County withdraws from BART district (San Francisco Bay area)

● 1963 - Martin Luther King, Jr. and a number of others arrested in Birmingham, Alabama, for violating an injunction against protests after the city attacked volunteers attempting a voter registration drive.

● 1963 - Birmingham police use dogs & cattle prods on peaceful demonstrators

● 1963 - The Soviet nuclear powered submarine K-33 collides with the Finnish merchant vessel M/S Finnclipper in the Danish straits. Although both vessels are severely damaged both can make it to port.

● 1966 - New York Stock Exchange anti-Vietnam War leafleting.

● 1966 - 1st B-52 bombing on North Vietnam

● 1967 - Fifteen hundred march down the Ave. in Seattle's U-District in opposition to Vietnam War.

● 1968 - Tigua Pueblo people of northwest Texas recognized by U.S. government.

● 1968 - Black students take over Boston Univ. to demand African American studies courses.

● 1968 - Nerve gas accident at Skull Valley, Utah.

● 1971 - First European anti-nuclear power demonstration, Fessenheim, France.

● 1973 - France recognizes North Vietnam

● 1973 - Sudan adopts constitution

● 1973 - Swaziland suspends constitution

● 1975 - US pulls out of Cambodia; The US has admitted defeat in Cambodia and removed its remaining embassy personnel from the capital, Phnom Penh.

● 1979 - Soyuz 33 returns to Earth

● 1980 - At Pres. Carter's request, the U.S. Olympic Committee votes not to attend the Moscow Summer Olympics in retaliation for the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan. If other countries took this moral high ground every time the U.S. invaded a country there would be no games.

● 1980 - Puerto Rico - Total blackout of the entire island, and the abduction of the Operations Manager of a power plant occur on the same day.

● 1980 - BCMA (Black Consciousness Movement of Azania) forms

● 1980 - Samuel Doe takes control of Liberia in a coup d'etat, ending over 130 years of democratic presidential succession in that country.

● 1980 - Terry Fox begins his "Marathon of Hope" by dipping his artificial leg into the Atlantic at St. John's, Newfoundland.

● 1981 - Human spaceflight: The first launch of a Space Shuttle: Columbia launches on the STS-1 mission.

● 1982 - 3 CBS employees shot to death in NYC parking lot

● 1983 - Harold Washington becomes Chicago's 1st black mayor

● 1983 - USSR performs nuclear test at Eastern Kazakhstan/Semipalitinsk USSR

● 1984 - Astronauts aboard the space shuttle Challenger made the first satellite repair in orbit by returning the Solar Max satellite to space.

● 1984 - Scargill vetoes national ballot on strike; Arthur Scargill, leader of the miners' union the NUM, will not allow a national ballot to take place on whether to stop the strike.

● 1984 - Israeli troops stormed a bus that had been hijacked the previous evening by four Arab terrorists. All the passengers were rescued and 2 of the hijackers were killed.

● 1985 - U.S. Senator Jake Garn of Utah became the first senator to fly in space as the shuttle Discovery lifted off from Cape Canaveral, FL.

● 1985 - In Spain, an explosion in a restaurant near a U.S. base killed 17 people.

● 1985 - Federal inspectors declared that four animals of the Ringling Brothers and Barnum & Bailey Circus were not unicorns. They were goats with horns that had been surgically implanted. {I include this item just to show how well our tax dollars are spent to investigate such credible occurances.}

● 1986 - 20,000 mine workers protest closing of Hasselt Belgium mines

● 1988 - Harvard University patents genetically engineered mouse (1st for animal life)

● 1988 - Sonny Bono elected mayor of Palm Springs CA

● 1988 - The Chinese government named a new array of younger leaders to ensure economic reform.

● 1989 - Abbie Hoffman dies in Pennsylvania. Officially, a suicide, though those close to him maintain their doubts.

● 1989 - Former middleweight boxing champion Sugar Ray Robinson died at age 67.

● 1989 - In the USSR, ration cards were issued for the first time since World War II. The ration was prompted by a sugar shortage.

● 1990 - Singer James Brown is released from a South Carolina jail on work furlough after serving 15 months of a six-year sentence for various drug charges.

● 1990 - 1st meeting of East German democratically elected parliament, acknowledges responsibility for Nazi holocaust & asks for forgiveness

● 1990 - Greyhound Bus hires new drivers to replace strikers

● 1990 - opening of Jim Gary's Twentieth Century Dinosaurs exhibition, the work of the only living sculptor ever invited to present a solo exhibition at the Smithsonian Institution National Museum of Natural History in Washington, D.C.

● 1991 - US announces closing of 31 major US military bases

● 1991 - Nepalese Congress party wins general elections

● 1992 - Earthquake rocks Germany

● 1992 - Lynn Gunther of California threatens to blow herself up in front of UN

● 1993 - England - Fascist violence in London against anarchist bookstore 121 Centre.

● 1993 - NATO began enforcing a no-fly zone over Bosnia and Herzegovina.

● 1997 - Bosnian bomb plot fails to stop Pope; Police in Sarajevo discover mines under a bridge just hours before the arrival of the Pope.

● 1998 - An earthquake in Slovenia, measuring 5.6 on the Richter scale near the town of Bovec.

● 1999 - American President Bill Clinton was cited for contempt of court for giving "intentionally false statements" in the Paula Jones sexual harassment civil lawsuit.

● 2000 - Queen honours NI police; The Queen presents the Royal Ulster Constabulary (RUC) with the George Cross, the highest civilian award for bravery.

● 2000 - More than 1,500 anti-drug agents raided four cities in Colombia and arrested 46 members of the "most powerful" heroin ring.

● 2000 - Robert Cleaves, 71, was convicted of second degree murder and was sentenced to 16 years in prison. Cleaves had repeatedly run over Arnold Guerreiro on September 30, 1998 with his car after the two had an argument.

● 2000 - Israel's High Court ordered the release of eight Lebanese detainees that had been held for years without a trial.

● 2001 - Cincinnati Mayor Charles Luken declared a state of emergency amid an outbreak of racial violence.

● 2002 - Venezuelan President Hugo Chavez resigned under pressure from the country's divided military. (He was returned to office two days later.)

● 2007 - The Kremlin vetoes an investigation into the death of Yuri Gagarin, who was the first man in space.

● 2007 - Veteran talk radio personality Don Imus is fired by CBS Radio, eight days after making racially inflammatory on-air remarks about the Rutgers University women's basketball team.

BIRTHS

● 599 BC - Mahavira, founder of Jainism (d. 527 BC)

● 812 - Muhammad at-Taqi, Muslim Shia Imam (d. 835)

● 1484 - Antonio da Sangallo the Younger, Italian architect (d. 1546)

● 1500 - Joachim Camerarius, German classical scholar (d. 1574)

● 1526 - Muretus, French humanist (d. 1585)

● 1550 - Edward de Vere, 17th Earl of Oxford, English politician (d. 1604)

● 1577 - Christian IV of Denmark (d. 1648)

● 1713 - Guillaume Thomas François Raynal, French writer (d. 1796)

● 1722 - Pietro Nardini, Italian composer (d. 1793)

● 1724 - Lyman Hall, American signer of the Declaration of Independence (d. 1790)

● 1726 - Charles Burney, English music historian (d. 1814)

● 1748 - Antoine Laurent de Jussieu, French botanist (d. 1836)

● 1777 - Henry Clay, American statesman (d. 1852)

● 1778 - John Strachan, Scottish-born Canadian educator and first Anglican bishop of Toronto (d. 1867)

● 1794 - Germinal Pierre Dandelin, Belgian mathematician (d. 1847)

● 1799 - Henri Druey, Swiss Federal Councilor (d. 1855)

● 1823 - Alexandr Ostrovsky, Russian dramatist (d. 1886)

● 1831 - Grenville Dodge, American engineer; chief engineer of Union Pacific Railroad (1866-70) (d. 1916)

● 1839 - Nikolai Przhevalsky, Russian explorer (d. 1888)

● 1848 - José Gautier Benítez, Puerto Rican poet (d. 1880)

● 1852 - Ferdinand von Lindemann, German mathematician (d. 1939)

● 1853 - Sir James Mackenzie, Scottish cardiologist; pioneer in the study of cardiac arrhythmia (d. 1925)

● 1856 - William Martin Conway, English art critic and mountaineer (d. 1937)

● 1868 - Akiyama Saneyuki, Japanese naval commander (d. 1918)

● 1869 - Henri Désiré Landru, French serial killer (d. 1922)

● 1871 - Ioannis Metaxas, Greek general and dictator (d. 1941)

● 1883 - Imogen Cunningham, American photographer of plants and portraits (d. 1976)

● 1883 - Dally Messenger, Australian rugby league player (d. 1959)

● 1884 - Otto Meyerhof, Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine laureate (d. 1951)

● 1887 - Harold Lockwood, American silent film actor (d. 1918)

● 1888 - Heinrich Neuhaus, Soviet pianist (d. 1964)

● 1892 - Johnny Dodds, American jazz clarinetist (d. 1940)

● 1893 - Robert Harron, American actor (d. 1920)

● 1898 - Lily Pons, American soprano (d. 1976)

● 1901 - Lowell Stockman, American representative (d. 1962)

● 1902 - Louis Beel, Prime Minister of the Netherlands (d. 1977)

● 1903 - Jan Tinbergen, Dutch economist, Nobel laureate (d. 1994)

● 1907 - Pete Desjardins, American diver; 1928 Olympic medalist (d. 1985)

● 1907 - Felix de Weldon, Austrian-born sculptor (d. 2003)

● 1907 - Hardie Gramatky, American author and animator (d. 1979)

● 1908 - Robert Lee Scott, Jr., American Air Force pilot (d. 2006)

● 1912 - Walt Gorney, American actor (d. 2004)

● 1912 - Sri Sultan Hamengkubuwono IX, Second Vice President of Indonesia (d. 1988)

● 1914 - Armen Alchian, American economist

● 1916 - Beverly Cleary, American writer

● 1916 - Benjamin Libet, American scientist

● 1917 - Helen Forrest, American singer (d. 1999)

● 1919 - Billy Vaughn, American musician and bandleader (d. 1991)

● 1923 - Ann Miller, American actress and dancer (d. 2004)

● 1924 - Peter Safar, Austrian physician (d. 2003)

● 1925 - Ned Miller, Country singer

● 1926 - Jane Withers, Actress

● 1928 - Hardy Krüger, German actor

● 1928 - Jean-François Paillard, French conductor

● 1930 - Michał Życzkowski, Polish technician (d. 2006)

● 1932 - Dennis Banks, American activist

● 1932 - Lakshman Kadirgamar, Sri Lankan politician (d. 2005)

● 1932 - Tiny Tim, American musician (d. 1996)

● 1933 - Montserrat Caballé, Spanish soprano

● 1934 - Heinz Schneiter, Swiss footballer

● 1936 - Charles Napier, Actor

● 1939 - Alan Ayckbourn, English writer

● 1940 - Herbie Hancock, American pianist and composer

● 1941 - Bobby Moore, English footballer (d. 1993)

● 1942 - Frank Bank, Actor ("Leave it to Beaver")

● 1944 - John Kay, German-born musician (Steppenwolf)

● 1945 - Lee Jong-wook, Korean Director-General of the WHO (d. 2006)

● 1946 - Ed O'Neill, American actor ("Married ... With Children")

● 1947 - Tom Clancy, American author

● 1947 - David Letterman, American talk show host

● 1947 - Woody Johnson, owner of the New York Jets

● 1947 - Dan Lauria, Actor ("The Wonder Years")

● 1948 - Jeremy Beadle, British television presenter

● 1948 - Joschka Fischer, Foreign Minister of Germany

● 1948 - Sandra "Lois" Reeves, American singer (Martha & the Vandellas)

● 1949 - Scott Turow, American writer

● 1950 - David Cassidy, American singer and actor ("The Partridge Family")

● 1950 - Kari Palaste, Finnish architect

● 1952 - Ralph Wiley, American sports journalist (d. 2004)

● 1954 - Pat Travers, Canadian musician

● 1956 - Andy Garcia, Cuban-born actor

● 1956 - Herbert Grönemeyer, German singer

● 1956 - Walter Salles, Director

● 1957 - Suzzanne Douglas, Actress

● 1957 - Vince Gill, American musician

● 1958 - Will Sergeant, English musician (Echo & the Bunnymen)

● 1960 - Ron MacLean, Canadian sportscaster

● 1961 - Lisa Gerrard, Australian singer

● 1962 - Art Alexakis, American musician (Everclear)

● 1962 - Takada Nobuhiko, Japanese wrestler

● 1964 - Amy Ray, American musician (Indigo Girls)

● 1964 - Deryl Dodd, Country singer

● 1967 - Mellow Man Ace, Afro-Cuban rapper

● 1970 - Nick Hexum, American musician (311)

● 1971 - Nicholas Brendon, American actor ("Buffy the Vampire Slayer")

● 1971 - Shannen Doherty, American actress

● 1972 - Paul Lo Duca, American baseball player

● 1972 - Dimitrios Kokotis, Greek high jumper

● 1973 - J. Scott Campbell, American comic book artist

● 1973 - Antonio Osuna, Mexican baseball player

● 1973 - Claudia Jordan, American model

● 1974 - Marley Shelton, American actress

● 1974 - Sylvinho, Brazilian footballer

● 1976 - Brad Miller, American basketball player

● 1977 - Giovanny Espinoza, Ecuadorian footballer

● 1977 - Sarah Jane Morris, American actress

● 1978 - Guy Berryman, British musician (Coldplay)

● 1978 - Riley Smith, American actor

● 1979 - Claire Danes, American actress

● 1979 - Elena Grosheva, Olympic Gymnast

● 1979 - Mateja Kežman, Serbian footballer

● 1979 - Jennifer Morrison, American actress and model ("House")

● 1979 - Paul Nicholls, English actor

● 1981 - Nicolás Burdisso, Argentine footballer

● 1981 - Jaspreet Singh, CEO, GlassBox Inc.

● 1982 - Deen, Bosnian singer

● 1983 - Jelena Dokic, Tennis player

● 1985 - Hitomi Yoshizawa, Japanese singer (Morning Musume)

● 1985 - Jeisa Chiminazzo, Brazilian supermodel

● 1987 - Brendon Urie, American singer (Panic! at the Disco)

● 1994 - Airi Suzuki, Japanese singer (°C-ute)

DEATHS

● 65 - Seneca the Younger, Roman philosopher, statesman and dramatist

● 238 - Gordian I, Roman Emperor (suicide)

● 238 - Gordian II, heir to the Roman Empire (killed in battle)

● 352 - St. Julius I, 35th Pope

● 434 - Archbishop Maximianus of Constantinople

● 1125 - Vladislaus I of Bohemia

● 1443 - Henry Chichele, Archbishop of Canterbury

● 1550 - Claude, Duke of Guise, French soldier (b. 1496)

● 1555 - Juana of Castile, wife of Philip I of Castile (b. 1479)

● 1687 - Ambrose Dixon, Virginia Colony pioneer

● 1704 - Jacques-Bénigne Bossuet, French bishop and writer (b. 1627)

● 1748 - William Kent, English architect

● 1782 - Metastasio, Italian poet and librettist (b. 1698)

● 1788 - Carlo Antonio Campioni, French-born composer (b. 1719)

● 1795 - Johann Kaspar Basselet von La Rosée, Bavarian general (b. 1710)

● 1814 - Charles Burney, English music historian (b. 1726)

● 1850 - Adoniram Judson, American Baptist missionary (b. 1788)

● 1872 - Nikolaos Mantzaros, Greek composer (b. 1795)

● 1878 - William Marcy Tweed, aka Boss Tweed, American politician (b. 1823)

● 1898 - Elzéar-Alexandre Taschereau, Roman catholic archbishop of Quebec (b. 1820)

● 1902 - Marie Alfred Cornu, French physicist (b. 1842)

● 1912 - Clara Barton, American nurse and Red Cross advocate (b. 1821)

● 1938 - Feodor Chaliapin, Russian bass (b. 1873)

● 1945 - Franklin D. Roosevelt, 32nd President of the United States (b. 1882)

● 1962 - Sir Mokshagundam Visvesvaraya, Indian politician and engineer (b. 1861)

● 1968 - Heinrich Nordhoff, German automobile engineer, first managing director of Volkswagen (b. 1899)

● 1971 - Igor Tamm, Russian physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1895)

● 1971 - Ed Lafitte, American baseball player (b. 1871)

● 1971 - Wynton Kelly, American jazz pianist (b. 1931)

● 1975 - Josephine Baker, American dancer (b. 1906)

● 1977 - Phil Wrigley, American manufacturer and Major League baseball executive (b. 1894)

● 1980 - Clark McConachy, New Zealand billiards and snooker player (b. 1895)

● 1980 - William R. Tolbert, Jr., President of Liberia (b. 1913)

● 1981 - Joe Louis, American boxer (b. 1914)

● 1983 - Carl Morton, American baseball player (b. 1944)

● 1986 - Valentin Kataev, Russian writer (b. 1897)

● 1987 - Mike Von Erich, American wrestler

● 1988 - Alan Paton, South African novelist (b. 1903)

● 1989 - Gerald Flood, British actor (b. 1927)

● 1989 - Abbie Hoffman, American radical leader (b. 1936)

● 1989 - Sugar Ray Robinson, American boxer (b. 1921)

● 1997 - George Wald, American scientist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (b. 1903)

● 1999 - Boxcar Willie, American singer (b. 1931)

● 2001 - Harvey Ball, American inventor of the Smiley (b. 1921)

● 2003 - Cecil H. Green, American manufacturer (b. 1900)

● 2006 - Dr. Rajkumar, Kannada language film actor/singer (b. 1929)

● 2006 - Puggy Pearson, American professional poker player (b. 1929)

HOLIDAYS AND OBSERVANCES

● Roman Catholic:
● St. Allerius
● St. Damian
● St. Erkemboden
● St. Julius
● St. Sabas
● St. Tetricus
● St. Victor
● St. Vissia
● St. Wigbert
● St. Zeno of Verona

● Russian Orthodox Christian Menaion Calendar for March 30 (Civil Date: April 12)
● St. John (Climacus) of Sinai, author of The Ladder.
● St. John the Silent of St. Sabbas' Monastery.
● St. Zosimas, Bishop of Syracuse.
● Prophet Joad who dwelt in Bethel.
● Apostles Sosthenes, Apollos, Cephas, Caesar, and Epaphroditus, of the Seventy.
● St. Eubula, mother of St. Pantileimon.
● St. John, Patriarch of Jerusalem.
● Hieromartyr Zacharias, Bishop of Corinth.
● St. Sophronius, Bishop of Irkutsk.

● Greek Orthodox Church:
● St. Basil the Confessor

● The Roman holiday of Cerealia begins.

● Yuri's Night, an international celebration of the first human in space, Yuri Gagarin; in Russia (and formerly in USSR), the Cosmonautics Day.

● Mauritius : Ougadi

● North Carolina : Halifax Independence Day (1776)


Click on this LINK to see original Wikipedia list with many having links with details.

Additional facts taken from:

On this day in the New York Times

The BBC’s Take on the day

On This Day Website

Geov Parrish's this Day in Radical History, things that happened on this day that you never had to memorize in school.

Scope Systems Any Day Website

Roman Catholic Saint of the Day

Russian Orthodox Christian Menaion Calendar

Quotes of the Day taken from "The Best Liberal Quotes Ever: Why the Left Is Right" Compiled by William P. Martin 2004

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