February 13......

February 13 is the 44th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. There are 321 (322 in leap years) days remaining in the year on this date.

{Disclaimer: I have attempted to give credit to the many different sources that I get entries. Any failure to do so is unintentional. Any statement enclosed by brackets like these are the opinion of the blogger, A Proud Liberal.}

EVENTS

● 1130 Gregorio de' Papareschi elected as Pope Innocent II

● 1349 - Jews are expelled from Burgsordf Switzerland

● 1510 - Charles of Gelre conquerors Oldenzaal

● 1542 - Catherine Howard, the fifth wife of Henry VIII of England, is executed for adultery.

● 1545 - Willem of Nassau becomes prince of Orange

● 1566 - St Augustine FL founded

● 1575 - Henry III of France is crowned at Rheims.

● 1601 - John Lancaster leads 1st East India Company voyage from London

● 1633 - Italian astronomer Galileo Galilei arrived in Rome for trial before Inquisition for professing belief that earth revolves around the Sun

● 1635 - The first public school in the U.S., Boston Latin School, is founded.

● 1641 - Iroquois Confederacy begins war against Canada.

● 1651 - Flemish missionary Joris van Geel departs to Congo

● 1668 - Spain recognizes Portugal as an independent nation.

● 1678 - Tycho Brahe 1st sketches "Tychonic system" of solar system

● 1689 - William and Mary are proclaimed co-rulers of England.

● 1689 - British Parliament adopts Bill of Rights

● 1692 - Massacre of Glencoe : About 78 Macdonalds at Glen Coe, Scotland are killed by the English army early in the morning for not promptly pledging allegiance to the new king, William (III) of Orange.

● 1693 - College of William & Mary opens

● 1706 - Battle at Fraustadt Swedish army beats Russia/Saksen

● 1755 - Rebel leader Mangkubuni signs Treaty of Gianti Java

● 1777 - Marquis de Sade arrested without charge, imprisoned in Vincennes fortress

● 1782 - French fleet occupies St Christopher

● 1795 - 1st state university in US opens, University of North Carolina

● 1809 - French take Saragossa, Spain after a long siege

● 1815 - The Cambridge Union Society founded.

● 1816 - Teatro San Carlo in Naples destroyed by fire

● 1826 - The American Temperance Society (later renamed the American Temperance Union) was organized in Boston. It quickly grew into a national crusade, and within a decade over 8,000 similar groups had been formed, boasting a total of 1.5 million members.

● 1832 - 1st appearance of cholera at London

● 1837 - Flour riot in New York City, early U.S. riot of the poor against property. Six thousand New Yorkers assault local flour merchants who, they claim, are hoarding flour in order to drive up the price.

● 1849 - Otterbein College was chartered in Westerville, Ohio, under sponsorship of the United Brethren Church.

● 1858 - Sir Richard Burton & John Speake explore Lake Tanganyika, Africa

● 1860 - King Basse Kajuara departs Boni South-Celebes

● 1861 - 1st military action to result in Congressional Medal of Honor, Arizona

● 1861 - Abraham Lincoln declared President

● 1861 - Colonel Bernard Irwin attacks & defeats hostile Chiricahua Indians

● 1862 - Siege of Ft Donelson TN

● 1864 - Meridian Campaign fighting at Chunky Creek & Wyatt MS

● 1866 - The first daylight robbery in United States history during peacetime takes place in Liberty, Missouri. This is considered to be the first robbery committed by Jesse James and his gang, although James's role is disputed.

● 1874 - U.S. troops land in Honolulu, in the independent country of Hawai'i.

● 1875 - Mrs. Edna Kanouse gave birth to America’s first quintuplets. All five of the baby boys died within two weeks.

● 1880 - Thomas Edison observes the Edison effect.

● 1881 - The feminist newspaper La Citoyenne is first published in Paris by activist Hubertine Auclert.

● 1886 - Painter Thomas Eakins resigns from Philadelphia Academy of Art after controversy over use of male nudes in a coed art class

● 1889 - Norman Coleman became the first U.S. Secretary of Agriculture.

● 1894 - Auguste and Louis Lumière patent the Cinematographe, a combination movie camera and projector.

● 1899 - Tallahassee, Florida records its all time coldest temperature of -2 degrees Fahrenheit.

● 1899 - -1ºF (-18ºC) New Orleans LA

● 1899 - -16ºF (-27ºC), Minden LA (state record)

● 1900 - The Anglo-German accord of 1899 was ratified by Reichstag, in which Britain renounced rights in Samoa in favor of Germany and the U.S.

● 1901 - May be the day after a truncated January 19, 2038 on Unix and Unix-like computer systems still suffering from the year 2038 problem

● 1905 - -29ºF (-34ºC) Pond AR (state record)

● 1905 - -40ºF (-40ºC) Lebanon KS (state record)

● 1905 - -40ºF (-40ºC) Warsaw MO (state record)

● 1907 - English suffragettes storm British Parliament; sixty women are arrested.

● 1910 - Enormous demonstration for women's suffrage in Berlin, Germany.

● 1910 - William Shockley, the controversial Nobel Prize-winning physicist whose work led to the miniaturization of radio, TV and computer circuits, was born.

● 1914 - Copyright: In New York City the ASCAP (for American Society of Composers, Authors and Publishers) is established to protect the copyrighted musical compositions of its members.

● 1917 - Strikes and meetings held in Petrograd factories - beginning of the Russian Revolution.

● 1920 - League of Nations recognizes perpetual neutrality of Switzerland

● 1920 - Switzerland rejoins League of Nations

● 1924 - King Tut's tomb opened

● 1925 - US Congress makes Supreme Court appeal more difficult

● 1927 - Uprising against Portuguese regime of General Carmona defeated

● 1929 - Cruiser Act OKs construction of 19 new cruisers & an aircraft carrier

● 1934 - Austrian Dollfuss government bans socialistic party

● 1934 - The Soviet steamship Cheliuskin sinks in the Arctic Ocean.

● 1935 - A jury in Flemington, New Jersey finds Bruno Hauptmann guilty of the 1932 kidnapping and murder of the Lindbergh baby, the son of Charles Lindbergh.

● 1935 - 1st US surgical operation for relief of angina pectoris, Cleveland OH

● 1936 - The Lutheran Army and Navy Commission was organized by the Missouri Synod for the purpose of commissioning chaplains for military service and to minister to Lutheran personnel among the military overseas. In 1947 its name was changed to the Armed Services Commission.

● 1941 - Nazi leaders attack Dutch Jewish Council

● 1942 - Hitler's Operation Seelöwe (invasion of England) cancelled

● 1943 - German assault on Sidi Bou Zid Tunisia, General Eisenhower visits front

● 1943 - Women's Marine Corps created

● 1945 - World War II: Soviet Union forces capture Budapest, Hungary from the Nazis.

● 1945 - Over 135,000 killed, mostly civilians, in Allied firebombing of Dresden, Germany. In a three-day period, 3,400 tons of explosives and incendiaries were dropped, reducing six square miles of the city to rubble. Many Allied officials were outraged--Germany was clearly on the verge of collapse, and Dresden was not a German war production city. Dresden had been famous for its artwork and historic buildings until it became the victim of the single most destructive air raid of World War II.

● 1946 - Isaac Woodard blinded by Atlanta police while being abused in custody, less than three hours after the African-American soldier had received his honorable discharge from the armed forces. Immortalized in a Woody Guthrie song, "The Blinding of Isaac Woodard."

● 1948 - Wright Flyer, 1st plane to fly, returns to US from England

● 1949 - Ecuadorian mob burns down radio station following broadcast of "War of the Worlds."

● 1951 - Death of Lloyd C. Douglas, 74, American Congregational clergyman and novelist. He published his first religious novel "Magnificent Obsession" in 1929, followed later by "The Robe" (1942) and "The Big Fisherman" (1948).

● 1955 - Israel obtains 4 of the 7 Dead Sea scrolls.

● 1957 - Southern Christian Leadership Conference organizes in New Orleans

● 1959 - Barbie doll goes on sale

● 1959 - Miro Cardon, premier of Cuba, resigns

● 1960 - France becomes the fourth nuclear power, conducting first nuclear test in Algeria's Sahara Desert.

● 1961 - Ex-Congo PM declared dead; Officials in the Congolese province of Katanga declare former Prime Minister Patrice Lumumba dead.

● 1961 - Soviet Union fires a rocket from Sputnik V to Venus

● 1966 - USSR performs nuclear test at Eastern Kazakhstan/Semipalitinsk USSR

● 1967 - National Student Association reveals it has "secretly and indirectly" received more than $3 million from the CIA over a 15-year period. NSA President Eugene Grove denies any of the money was used for intelligence work.

● 1967 - Carrying huge photos of napalmed Vietnamese children, 2,500 members of the group Women Strike for Peace storm the Pentagon, demanding to see (quote) "the generals who send our sons to Vietnam." WSP members always dressed neatly and appeared as they were -- middle-class homemakers. When Pentagon guards lock the main-entrance doors, the women took off their shoes and banged on the doors with their heels. They were finally allowed inside, but Defense Secretary Robert McNamara would not meet with them. Sen. Jacob Javits agrees to meet a few hundred of the women, but he was roundly booed and heckled when he denies the U.S. was using toxic gas in Vietnam.

● 1967 - U.S.S.R. and China exchange gunfire on Manchurian border.

● 1968 - Five soldiers arrested at pray-in for peace, Fort Jackson, SC.

● 1968 - US sends 10,500 additional soldiers to Vietnam

● 1969 - Suriname government of Pengel resigns

● 1969 - Thirty-three arrested at administration building sit-in, Univ. of Massachusetts.

● 1970 - Women take over underground rock station WBCN in Boston.

● 1970 - Man-eating tiger is reported to have killed 48, 80 km from New Delhi

● 1971 - Golfing Vice President Spiro Agnew hits 2 tee shots into the crowd, injuring 2

● 1971 - Vietnam War: Backed by American air and artillery support, South Vietnamese troops invade Laos.

● 1973 - US dollar devalues 10%

● 1973 - The National Council of U.S. Catholic Bishops announced that anyone undergoing or performing an abortion would be excommunicated from the Roman Catholic Church.

● 1974 - Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn, winner of the Nobel Prize in literature in 1970, is exiled from the Soviet Union.

● 1975 - Miners set for 35 per cent pay rises; British mineworkers' leaders agree to accept the coal board's latest pay offer of up to 35%.

● 1975 - There was a fire in the World Trade Center in New York City, New York.

● 1975 - Cyprus premier Denktash proclaims Turkish-Cypriot Federation

● 1978 - US performs nuclear test at Nevada Test Site

● 1978 - Hilton bombing: a bomb explodes in a refuse truck outside the Hilton Hotel in Sydney, Australia, killing two refuse collectors and a policeman.

● 1979 - The intense February 13, 1979 Windstorm strikes western Washington and sinks a 1/2-mile-long section of the Hood Canal Bridge.

● 1981 - Longest sentence ever published by the New York Times - 1,286 words.

● 1982 - Fifteen thousand blacks and whites attend the funeral of South African trade union organizer Neill Aggett to protest and commemorate his death.

● 1984 - Konstantin Chernenko succeeds the late Yuri Andropov as general secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union.

● 1984 - 6 year old Texan Stormie Jones gets 1st heart & liver transplant

● 1985 - Dow Jones closes at 1297.92 (record high) after topping 1300 earlier

● 1985 - Polish police arrests 7 Solidarity leaders

● 1985 - South African police arrest 13 leaders of the United Democratic Front (a main opposition group).

● 1988 - Olympic Games: Winter Olympic Games - The XV Olympic Winter Games open in Calgary, Alberta, Canada.

● 1988 - European Community plans removal of inner boundaries on Jan 1, 1992

● 1989 - Oklahoma football player Charles Thompson is charged with selling cocaine; he is later sentenced to 2 years in prison

● 1989 - Kidnapped Belgian Premier Vanden Boeynants freed

● 1989 - Salvadoran army attacks Encuentros hospital, rapes, kills patients.

● 1990 - German reunification: An agreement is reached for a two-stage plan to reunite Germany.

● 1990 - 50 killed at Inkatha-UDF battle in Natal, South Africa

● 1991 - Syria tells Germany they are ready to recognize Israel

● 1991 - During the Gulf War, approximately 400 Iraqi civilians, mostly women and children, are killed during a U.S. laser-guided missile attack on the Amirayah (al-Firdos) fortified bunker on the west side of Baghdad, the capital of Iraq.

● 1994 - Ship disaster near Ranong Thailand, kills 200

● 1995 - Chase Manhattan Bank distances itself from a newsletter produced by its Emerging Markets Group calling on Mexico to "eliminate the Zapatista" rebels in Mexico, according to the New York Times. Authored by Riordan Roett, director of Latin American Studies at the John Hopkins School of Advanced International Studies, analysts pointed to the uprising in Chiapas as a major element in the flight of foreign investors that weakened the Mexican peso. Mexican security forces began a large-scale takeover of former rebel areas on February 9, less than a month after the memo was published. Mexican security forces engaged in widespread violation of the human rights of citizens in the region (which still continues to this day.) Roett also suggested the Mexican government might not find it convenient to honor the results of upcoming elections.

● 1996 - The Nepalese Civil War began.

● 1997 - Space Shuttle program: STS-82 Mission - Tune-up and repair work on the Hubble Space Telescope started by astronauts from the Space Shuttle Discovery.

● 1997 - The Dow Jones Industrial Average closes above 7,000 for the first time closing at 7,022.44.

● 1999 - A bomb exploded just outside a government-owned bank in southern Kosovo. Nine people were killed.

● 2000 - The last original "Peanuts" comic strip appears in newspapers one day after Charles M. Schulz dies.

● 2001 - Landmark Aids case begins in Scotland; A man goes on trial in Glasgow for knowingly infecting a woman with the HIV virus in a case believed to be the first of its kind in Scotland.

● 2001 - An earthquake measuring 6.6 on the Richter Scale hits El Salvador, killing at least 400.

● 2002 - In Alexandria, VA, John Walker Lindh plead innocent to a 10-count federal indictment. He was charged with conspiring to kill Americans and aiding Osama bin Laden's terrorist network.

● 2002 - Former New York mayor Rudolph Giuliani received an honorary knighthood from Queen Elizabeth II.

● 2004 - The Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics discovers the universe's largest known diamond, white dwarf star BPM 37093.

● 2005 - Final results showed clergy-backed Shiites and independence-minded Kurds had swept to victory in Iraq's landmark elections.

BIRTHS

● 1457 - Mary of Burgundy, daughter of Charles the Bold and wife of Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor (d. 1482)

● 1480 - Girolamo Aleandro, Italian Catholic cardinal (d. 1542)

● 1599 - Pope Alexander VII (d. 1667)

● 1672 - Étienne François Geoffroy, French chemist (d. 1731)

● 1682 - Giovanni Battista Piazzetta, Italian painter, illustrator and designer (d. 1754)

● 1728 - John Hunter, English surgeon and founder of pathological anatomy (d. 1793)

● 1743 - Joseph Banks, English botanist and naturalist (d. 1820)

● 1768 - Édouard Adolphe Casimir Joseph Mortier, French marshal (d. 1835)

● 1769 - Ivan Krylov, Russian fabulist (d. 1844)

● 1805 - Peter Gustav Dirichlet, German mathematician (d. 1859)

● 1849 - Lord Randolph Churchill, English politician and father of Winston Churchill (d. 1895)

● 1870 - Leopold Godowsky, Russian-born American pianist and composer (d. 1938)

● 1873 - Feodor Chaliapin, Russian bass (d. 1938)

● 1876 - Fritz Buelow, German-born American baseball player (d. 1933)

● 1879 - Sarojini Naidu, Indian freedom fighter (d. 1949)

● 1881 - Eleanor Farjeon, English author (d. 1965)

● 1884 - Alfred Carlton Gilbert, American athlete, inventor, and businessman (d. 1961)

● 1885 - Bess Truman, First Lady of the United States, wife of President Harry S. Truman (d. 1982)

● 1888 - Georgios Papandreou, Greek Prime Minister three times (d. 1968)

● 1892(91? NYT) - Grant Wood, American painter (d. 1942)

● 1903 - Georges Simenon, Belgian writer (d. 1989)

● 1906 - Pauline Frederick, American television news correspondent (d. 1990)

● 1906 - Agostinho da Silva, Portuguese philosopher (d. 1994)

● 1910 - William Shockley, American physicist and eugenicist, Nobel Laureate (d. 1989)

● 1911 - Faiz Ahmed Faiz, Pakistani Urdu poet, Lenin Peace Prize winner (d. 1984)

● 1913 - George Barker, British poet (d. 1991)

● 1915 - Aung San, Burmese general and politician (d. 1945)

● 1918 - Patty Berg, American golfer

● 1919 - Tennessee Ernie Ford, American musician (d. 1991)

● 1919 - Eddie Robinson, American football coach

● 1920 - Eileen Farrell, American opera soprano (d. 2002)

● 1922 - Francis Pym, British Foreign Secretary 1982-83

● 1922 - Gordon Tullock, American economist

● 1923 - Michael Bilandic, Mayor of Chicago (d. 2002)

● 1923 - Yfrah Neaman, Lebanese-born violinist (d. 2003)

● 1923 - Chuck Yeager, American pilot and NASA official

● 1924 - Jean-Jacques Servan-Schreiber, French journalist (d. 2006)

● 1929 - Omar Torrijos, Panamanian ruler (d. 1981)

● 1930 - Ernst Fuchs, Austrian artist

● 1933 - Paul Biya, President of Cameroon

● 1933 - Kim Novak, American actress

● 1934 - George Segal, American actor (''Just Shoot Me'')

● 1937 - Susan Oliver, American actress (d. 1990)

● 1937 - Ali El-Maak, Sudanese writer, academic (d. 1992)

● 1938 - Oliver Reed, English actor (d. 1999)

● 1939 - Beate Klarsfeld, German Holocaust investigator/Nazi hunter

● 1941 - Sigmar Polke, German painter

● 1942 - Bo Svenson, Actor

● 1942 - Carol Lynley, American actress

● 1942 - Peter Tork, American musician and actor (The Monkees)

● 1943 - Geoff Edwards, American game show host

● 1944 - Stockard Channing, American actress

● 1944 - Jerry Springer, American television host

● 1944 - Bo Svenson, Swedish-born actor

● 1946 - Colin Matthews, British composer

● 1947 - Mike Krzyzewski, American basketball player and coach

● 1950 - Peter Gabriel, English musician (Genesis)

● 1951 - Greg Fulginiti, American mastering engineer

● 1951 - David Naughton, American actor and singer

● 1952 - Freddy Maertens, Belgian cyclist

● 1954 - Donnie Moore, American baseball player (d. 1989)

● 1955 - Joe Birkett, DuPage County State's Attorney

● 1956 - Peter Hook, English bassist (Joy Division and New Order)

● 1956 - Yiannis Kouros, Greek-Australian ultramarathoner

● 1958 - Pernilla August, Swedish actress

● 1958 - Derek Riggs, British artist

● 1959 - Gord Hampson, Canadian ice hockey player

● 1960 - Terry Carroll, UK, account manager

● 1960 - Pierluigi Collina, Italian football referee

● 1960 - Gary Patterson, American football coach

● 1960 - Matt Salinger, American actor

● 1960 - Artur Yusupov, Russian/German chess player

● 1961 - Henry Rollins, American musician

● 1961 - Marc Crawford, Canadian ice hockey player and coach

● 1962 - Aníbal Acevedo Vilá, American politician

● 1964 - Mark Patton, American actor

● 1966 - Neal McDonough, Actor

● 1966 - Freedom Williams, Rock singer (C&C Music Factory)

● 1966 - Jeff Waters, Canadian musician (Annihilator)

● 1968 - Kelly Hu, American actress

● 1970 - Karoline Krüger, Norwegian singer

● 1971 - Sonia, British singer

● 1971 - Mats Sundin, Swedish ice hockey player

● 1972 - Todd Harrell, Rock musician (3 Doors Down)

● 1972 - Charlie Garner, American football player

● 1973 - Eric Johnson, American artist

● 1974 - Gus Hansen, Danish professional poker player

● 1974 - Robbie Williams, English singer

● 1974 - Jeff Duran, American radio personality, comedian

● 1975 - Iván González, Puerto Rican disc jockey and musician

● 1976 - Martin Sastre, Uruguayan artist

● 1977 - Randy Moss, American football player

● 1978 - Mini Anden, Swedish model and actress

● 1979 - Natalie Stewart, Emcee (Floetry)

● 1979 - Mena Suvari, Actress

● 1979 - D-Roc, American rapper (Ying Yang Twins)

● 1979 - Rafael Márquez, Mexican footballer

● 1980 - Sebastian Kehl, German footballer

● 1981 - Luisão, Brazilian footballer

● 1982 - Lanisha Cole, American model

● 1985 - Kwak Ji-min, South Korean actress

● 1987 - Ryan Buchter, American baseball player

● 1989 - Carly McKillip, Canadian actress

DEATHS

● 858 - Kenneth I of Scotland

● 1130 - Pope Honorius II

● 1141 - Béla II of Hungary (b. 1110)

● 1219 - Minamoto no Sanetomo, Japanese shogun (b. 1192)

● 1322 - Andronicus II Palaeologus, Byzantine Emperor (b. 1260)

● 1539 - Isabella d'Este, Marquise of Mantua (b. 1474)

● 1542 - Catherine Howard, fifth wife of Henry VIII of England (executed) (b. 1525)

● 1571 - Benvenuto Cellini, Italian artist (b. 1500)

● 1585 - Alfonso Salmeron, Spanish Jesuit biblical scholar (b. 1515)

● 1592 - Jacopo Bassano, Italian painter

● 1600 - Gian Paolo Lomazzo, Italian painter (b. 1538)

● 1602 - Alexander Nowell, English clergyman

● 1608 - Konstanty Wasyl Ostrogski, Lithuanian prince (b. 1526)

● 1624 - Stephen Gosson, English satirist (b. 1554)

● 1657 - Miles Sindercombe, attempted assassin of Oliver Cromwell

● 1660 - King Charles X of Sweden (b. 1622)

● 1662 - Elizabeth of Bohemia (b. 1596)

● 1727 - William Wotton, English scholar (b. 1666)

● 1728 - Cotton Mather, American Puritan minister (b. 1663)

● 1732 - Charles-René d'Hozier, French historian (b. 1640)

● 1787 - Ruđer Bošković, Croatian scientist and diplomat (b. 1711)

● 1787 - Charles Gravier, comte de Vergennes, French statesman and diplomat (b. 1717)

● 1813 - Samuel Ashe, Governor of North Carolina (b. 1725)

● 1818 - George Rogers Clark, American military leader (b. 1752)

● 1826 - Petr Alekseevich Pahlen, Russian general (b. 1845)

● 1845 - Henrik Steffens, Norwegian-German philosopher (b. 1773)

● 1883 - Richard Wagner, German composer (b. 1813)

● 1888 - Jean Baptiste Lamy, 1st Archbishop of Santa Fe (b. 1814)

● 1905 - Konstantin Savitsky, Russian painter (b. 1844)

● 1950 - Rafael Sabatini, Italian author (b. 1875)

● 1951 - Lloyd C. Douglas, American author (b. 1877)

● 1952 - Josephine Tey, English author (b. 1896)

● 1964 - Gerald Gardner, British writer (b. 1884)

● 1968 - Mae Marsh, American actress (b. 1895)

● 1975 - André Beaufre, French General (b. 1902)

● 1976 - Murtala Mohammed, Nigerian military leader (b. 1938)

● 1976 - Lily Pons, French-born soprano (b. 1904)

● 1989 - Wayne Hays, American politician (b. 1911)

● 1980 - David Janssen, American actor (b. 1931)

● 1991 - Arno Breker, German Sculptor (b. 1900)

● 1992 - Nikolay Bogolyubov, Russian mathematician (b. 1909)

● 1996 - Martin Balsam, American actor (b. 1919)

● 1997 - Mark Krasnosel'skii, Russian-Ukrainian mathematician (b. 1920)

● 2000 - James Cooke Brown, American author and inventor (b. 1921)

● 2002 - Waylon Jennings, American musician (b. 1937)

● 2003 - Kid Gavilan, Cuban boxer (b. 1926)

● 2003 - Axel Jensen, Norwegian author (b. 1932)

● 2003 - Walt Rostow, U.S. government official (b. 1916)

● 2004 - Zelimkhan Yandarbiyev, Chechen leader (b. 1952)

● 2005 - Nelson Briles, baseball player (b. 1943)

● 2005 - Lúcia Santos, Carmelite nun (b. 1907)

● 2005 - Maurice Trintignant, French race car driver (b. 1917)

● 2006 - Andreas Katsulas, American actor (b. 1946)

● 2006 - Wang Xuan, Chinese scientist, the "Father of Chinese Language Laser Typesetting"

HOLIDAYS AND OBSERVANCES

● Roman Catholic:
● St. Agabus
● St. Amelric
● St. Beatrice
● St. Benignus
● St. Catherine de Ricci
● St. Dyfnog
● St. Ermenildis
● St. Fulcran
● St. Gosbert
● St. Huno
● St. Julian of Lyons
● St. Lezin
● St. Martinian
● St. Modomnoc
● St. Polyeuctus
● Bl. Archangela Girlani
● Bl. John Lantrua of Triora

● Russian Orthodox Christian Menaion Calendar for January 31 (Civil Date: February 13)
● Holy wonderworkers and unmercenaries Cyrus and John.
● Martyrs Athanasia and her daughters Theoctiste, Theodotia and Eudoxia, at Canopus in Egypt.
● St. Nicetas of the Kiev Caves, Bishop of Novgorod.
● Martyrs Victorinus, Victor, Nicephorus, Claudius, Diodorus, Serapion, and Papias of Egypt.
● Martyr Tryphaenes at Cyzicus.
● St. Pachomius, abbot of Keno Monastery.
● New-Martyr Elias Ardunis of Mt. Athos.
● Repose of Elder Codratus of Karakallou Monastery, Mt. Athos. (1930).

● Christian:
● St. Catherine de Ricci, virgin/mystic
● St. Martinian

● Anglican:
● Absalom Jones, priest,

● St Augustine FL : Fiesta de Menendez


Click on this LINK to see original Wikipedia list with many having links with details.

Additional facts taken from:

On this day in the New York Times

The BBC’s Take on the day

On This Day Website

Geov Parrish's this Day in Radical History, things that happened on this day that you never had to memorize in school.

Scope Systems Any Day Website

Roman Catholic Saint of the Day

Russian Orthodox Christian Menaion Calendar

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