December 1......

December 1 is the 335th day of the year (336th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. There are 30 days remaining in the year on this date.

EVENTS

● 772 - Pope Adrian I elected

● 1145 - Pope Eugene III sent a papal bull to the French King, Louis VII, proclaiming the Second Crusade. Led by Louis and Emperor Conrad III from 1147-49, the crusade failed to accomplish its goal.

● 1167 - Northern Italian towns form Lombardi League

● 1566 - Spanish king Philip II names Fernando Alvarez, duke of Alva

● 1626 - Pasha Muhammad ibn Farukh tyrannical Governor of Jerusalem, driven out

● 1640 - Portugal regains its independence from Spain, after 60 years of Spanish rule, and João IV of Portugal becomes king.

● 1641 - Massachusetts becomes 1st colony to give statutory recognition to slavery

● 1653 - An athlete from Croydon is reported to have run 20 miles from St Albans to London in less than 90 minutes

● 1656 - Germany promises Poland aid against Sweden

● 1708 - Great Alliance occupies Brussels

● 1742 - Empress Elisabeth orders expulsion of all Jews from Russia

● 1750 - 1st American school to offer manual training courses opens, Maryland

● 1764 - The French government abolished the Jesuit order in that country. (The Society of Jesus was completely suppressed by Clement XIV in 1767, but was restored again by Pius VII in 1814.)

● 1768 - The slave ship Fredensborg sinks off Tromøy in Norway.

● 1783 - Charles & M N Roberts ascend 2,000' in a hydrogen balloon

● 1783 - J van North launches unmanned balloon

● 1798 - Birth of Albert Barnes, American Presbyterian clergyman and Bible commentator. An active supporter of revivalism, Christian education and social reform, Barnes is best remembered today for his "Notes on the Old Testament" and "Notes on the New Testament."

● 1804 - Emperor Napoleon marries Joséphine of Martinique

● 1821 - Santo Domingo (Dominican Republic) proclaims independence from Spain

● 1822 - Peter I (Dom Pedro) is crowned as Emperor of Brazil.

● 1822 - Franz Liszts (11) debut as pianist Isabella Colbran

● 1824 - U.S. presidential election, 1824: Since no candidate received a majority of the total electoral college votes in the election, the United States House of Representatives is given the task to decide the winner (as stipulated by the Twelfth Amendment to the United States Constitution). House of Representatives begins to end election deadlock between John Quincy Adams, Andrew Jackson, William Harris Crawford & Henry Clay - Adams eventually declared president

● 1831 - Erie Canal closes for entire month due to cold weather

● 1835 - Hans Christian Andersen publishes first book of fairy tales

● 1843 - 1st chartered mutual life insurance company opens

● 1852 - Telegraph company opens throughout Netherlands

● 1860 - Charles Dickens publishes the first installment of Great Expectations in his magazine All the Year Round.

● 1862 - In his State of the Union Address President Abraham Lincoln reaffirms the necessity of ending slavery as ordered ten weeks earlier in the Emancipation Proclamation.

● 1864 - Raid at Stoneman: Knoxville TN to Saltville VA

● 1864 - Skirmish at Millen Brutal GA

● 1868 - John D Rockefeller begins anti oil war

● 1878 - 1st White House telephone installed

● 1884 - American Old West - Near Frisco, New Mexico (now Reserve), deputy sheriff Elfego Baca holds off a gang of 80 Texan cowboys who want to kill him for arresting Charles McCarthy.

● 1887 - Sherlock Holmes 1st appears in print: "A Study In Scarlet"

● 1887 - Sino-Portuguese treaty recognizes Portugal's control of Macao

● 1891 - James Naismith creates the game of basketball

● 1891 - International Peace Bureau launched, Berne, Switzerland.

● 1893 - Birth of Ernst Toller, Samotschin, Germany (now Szamocin, Poland). Playwright, poet, pacifist, Expressionist, anarchist, Munich "Soviet" leader; forced to flee Nazi Germany, eventually commits suicide as a result.

● 1896 - 1st certified public accountants receive certificates (New York)

● 1899 - Birth of Robert Welch, founder of the John Birch Society.

● 1900 - South African President Paul Kruger visits Flanders

● 1903 - Released the first western movie ever - The Great Train Robbery

● 1904 - Birth of W.A. "Tony" Boyle, United Mine Workers (UMW) president.

● 1906 - Cinema Omnia Pathe, world's 1st cinema, opens (Paris)

● 1906 - Shoemaker Wilhelm Voigt (Captain of Köpenick) sentenced to 4 years

● 1909 - Groundbreaking ceremonies were held for Bob Jones College (University), in Panama City, FL. This Protestant Fundamentalist college later relocated its campus to Greenville, SC.

● 1909 - The Pennsylvania Trust Company, of Carlisle, PA, became the first bank in the in the U.S. to offer a Christmas Club account.

● 1909 - 1st Israeli kibbutz founded, Deganya Alef

● 1913 - 1st drive-up gasoline station opens (Pittsburgh)

● 1913 - Ford Motor Company introduces the first moving assembly line that ushered in the era of mass production.

● 1917 - Father Edward Flanagan opened Boy's Town in Nebraska. The farm village was for wayward boys. In 1979 it was opened to girls.

● 1918 - Iceland becomes a self-governing kingdom, yet remains united with Denmark.

● 1918 - Transylvania unites with Romania, following the March 27 incorporation of Bessarabia and Bucovina.

● 1918 - The Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes (later known as the Kingdom of Yugoslavia) is proclaimed.

● 1919 - Lady Nancy Astor becomes first female member of the British Parliament to take her seat (she had been elected to that position on November 28).

● 1919 - AA Milne's "Mr Pim Passes By" premieres in Manchester

● 1921 - 1st US helium-filled dirigible makes 1st flight

● 1921 - US Post Office establishes philatelic agency

● 1922 - 1st skywriting over US-"Hello USA"-by Captain Turner, RAF

● 1922 - Polish state chief marshal Jozef Pilsudski, resigns

● 1923 - CFL Grey Cup: Queen's University beats Regina, 54-0 at Toronto

● 1924 - Calles becomes President of México

● 1924 - George/Ira Gershwin's musical "Lady Be Good" premieres in New York NY

● 1925 - Joseph Jean Marie Tortelier dies. Carpenter, anarcho-syndicalist, ardent proponent and speaker for the general strike, organized "The League of Antipatriots" (with Emile Bidault), to fight militarism, the wars it leads to, along with its corollary, patriotism. Also organized the "League of Antiproprietaires."

● 1925 - World War I aftermath: - The final Locarno Treaty is signed in London, establishing post-war territorial settlements.

● 1928 - CFL Grey Cup: Ham Tigers beats Regina, 30-0 at Hamilton

● 1928 - Railroad museum opens in Utrecht Netherlands

● 1929 - Game of BINGO invented by Edwin S Lowe

● 1930 - NHL drops 20 minute slashing-about-the-head penalty

● 1930 - Ruth Nichols becomes 1st woman pilot to cross the continent

● 1931 - Ottawa branch of Royal Mint begins operation as Royal Canadian Mint

● 1933 - Rudolf Hess & Earnest Röhm become a minister in Hitler government

● 1934 - Sergei M. Kirov, the head of the Communist Party in Leningrad, was assassinated by Leonid Nikolayev as Soviet leader Josef Stalin began a massive purge of his real and perceived enemies.

● 1935 - Austria has world's 1st Day of Postage Stamp

● 1935 - Birth of Woody Allen.

● 1936 - Bell Labs tests coaxial cable for TV use

● 1936 - EW Brundin & FF Lyon obtain patent on soilless culture of plants

● 1936 - 2nd Heisman Trophy Award: Larry Kelley, Yale (E)

● 1937 - Marijuana is made illegal in the United States.

● 1937 - Japan recognizes Franco government

● 1938 - School bus & train collide in Salt Lake City UT

● 1939 - SS-Führer Himmler begins deportation of Polish Jews

● 1941 - World War II: Mayor of New York City, Fiorello LaGuardia, and the director of the Office of Civilian Defense, sign an order creating the Civil Air Patrol. In April 1943 the Civil Air Patrol was placed under the jurisdiction of the Army Air Forces.

● 1941 - British cruiser Devonshire sinks German sub Python

● 1941 - Japanese emperor Hirohito signs declaration of war

● 1941 - Last day of first-class cricket in Australia for 4 years

● 1942 - First transport from Norway arrives at Auschwitz-Birkenau, Poland.

● 1942 - Gasoline rationed in US

● 1942 - Beveridge lays welfare foundations; The British Government unveils plans for a welfare state offering care to all from the cradle to the grave.

● 1943 - FDR, Churchill & Stalin agree to Operation Overlord (D-Day)

● 1944 - Béla Bartòk's Concerto for orchestra, premieres

● 1944 - Mail routing resumes in free South Netherlands

● 1944 - Prokofjev's 8th Piano sonata, premieres

● 1945 - CFL Grey Cup: Toronto beats Winnipeg, 35-0 at Toronto

● 1946 - Oakland general strike begins, Over one hundred thousand walk off jobs in East Bay for six days.

● 1946 - Australia compile 645 vs India at the Gabba (Bradman 187)

● 1947 - Bradman scores 185 in the 1st Cricket Test vs India at the Gabba

● 1947 - India cricket all out for 58 vs Australia at the Gabba, Toshack 5-2

● 1948 - Arabic Congress names Abdullah of Trans Jordan, King of Palestine

● 1948 - Piet Roozenburg becomes world champion checker player

● 1949 - WBNG TV channel 12 in Binghamton NY (CBS) begins broadcasting

● 1949 - WKTV TV channel 2 in Utica NY (NBC) begins broadcasting

● 1950 - American missionary martyr Jim Elliot wrote in his journal: 'Unwillingness to accept God's "way of escape" from temptation frightens me what a rebel yet resides within.'

● 1951 - Golden Gate Bridge closes due to high winds

● 1951 - 17th Heisman Trophy Award: Dick Kazmaier, Princeton (HB)

● 1951 - Benjamin Britten's opera "Billy Budd" premieres in London

● 1952 - The New York Daily News reports the first successful sexual reassignment operation in Denmark.

● 1953 - Walter Alston named Dodger manager

● 1953 - Red Sox trade M McDermott & Tom Umphlett for Washington's Jackie Jensen

● 1953 - WAIM (now WAXA) TV channel 40 in Anderson SC (IND) 1st broadcast

● 1953 - WCSH TV channel 6 in Portland ME (NBC) begins broadcasting

● 1954 - Yankees send Miller, Segrist, Leppert & 2 minors to Orioles for Blayzka, Kryhoski, Johnson, Fridley & Del Guercio (completing 18 player deal)

● 1954 - Nationalist China & US sign dike agreement

● 1955 - American Civil Rights Movement: In Montgomery, Alabama, seamstress Rosa Parks refuses to give her bus seat to a white man and is arrested for violating the city's racial segregation laws, an incident which leads to successful year-long bus boycott by blacks. Montgomery, Alabama.

● 1956 - Prisoners for Peace Day first observed.

● 1956 - "Candide" opens at Martin Beck Theater NYC for 73 performances

● 1956 - Alain Mimoun wins 13th Olympic marathon (2:25:00.0)

● 1956 - Frank Robinson (National League) & Luis Aparicio (American League) voted Rookie of the Year

● 1956 - Indonesian Vice-President Mohammed Hatta, resigns

● 1957 - Sam Cooke and Buddy Holly and Crickets debut on Ed Sullivan Show

● 1958 - Central African Republic becomes independent from France.

● 1958 - Our Lady of the Angels School fire in Chicago, Illinois kills 92 children and three nuns.

● 1958 - "Flower Drum Song" opens at St James Theater NYC for 602 performances

● 1959 - 25th Heisman Trophy Award: Billy Cannon, LSU (HB)

● 1959 - The 1st color photograph of Earth received from outer space

● 1959 - Cold War: Antarctic Treaty signed, which sets aside Antarctica as a scientific preserve and bans military activity on that continent.

● 1960 - Patrice Lumumba caught in the Congo

● 1961 - The independent Republic of West Papua is proclaimed in modern-day Western New Guinea.

● 1962 - Grey Cup halted by fog, resumed next day (Winnipeg 28, Hamilton 27)

● 1962 - KGMB TV channel 9 in Honolulu HI (CBS) begins broadcasting

● 1963 - The Beatles' first single, ''I Want to Hold Your Hand,'' was released in the United States.

● 1963 - Nagaland becomes the 16th state of India.

● 1963 - New York Jets 1st shutout, beat Kansas City 17-0

● 1964 - Houston Colt .45s change name to Astros

● 1964 - Martin Luther King speaks to J Edgar Hoover about his slander campaign

● 1964 - Vietnam War: US President Lyndon B. Johnson and his top-ranking advisers meet to discuss plans to bomb North Vietnam.

● 1965 - Sweeping changes to British farming; The government puts forward a plan to improve the lot of both farmers and consumers by encouraging intensive farming.

● 1965 - The Border Security Force is formed in India as a special force to guard the borders.

● 1965 - Airlift of refugees from Cuba to US began

● 1965 - South Africa government says children of white fathers are white

● 1966 - Comedian Dick Gregory is convicted in Olympia, Wash. for his participation in Native American fishing rights protests.

● 1966 - Seattle police shoot and kill a black youth suspected of car theft.

● 1966 - Georg Kiesinger elected West German chancellor

● 1966 - Radio time signal WWV moves from Greenbelt MD to Boulder CO

● 1967 - Queen Elizabeth inaugurates 98-inch (249-cm) Isaac Newton telescope

● 1967 - Wilt Chamberlain set NBA record of 22 free throws misses

● 1967 - Pacific Northwest Sports awarded is one of 2 American League expansion franchise teams(Seattle)

● 1968 - U.S. C-123 develops engine trouble, lightens its load by spraying a full tank of defoliants over two South Vietnamese towns, causing "deaths and widespread birth defects."

● 1968 - Pirate Radio Modern (259) (England) begins transmitting

● 1968 - Burt Bacharach/Hal David's musical "Promises Promises" opens at Shubert Theater NYC for 1281 performances

● 1968 - Gonzalo Barrios elected President of Venezuela

● 1968 - Peggy Wilson wins LPGA Hollywood Lakes Golf Open

● 1969 - Vietnam War: The first draft lottery in the United States is held since World War II. First draft lottery held to send conscriptees off to Vietnam War more "fairly."

● 1970 - Five thousand protest South Vietnamese Vice President Ky's visit to San Francisco.

● 1970 - Independent People's Republic of South Yemen becomes the People's Democratic Republic of Yemen

● 1970 - NHL takes control of the Pittsburgh Penguins

● 1970 - Luis Echeverria Alvarez sworn in as President of México

● 1971 - John & Yoko release "Happy Xmas (War is Over)" in US

● 1971 - Cubs release Ernie Banks & sign him as a coach

● 1971 - Galt MacDermot/John Guare's "2 Gentlemen of Verona" opens at St James Theater NYC for 613 performances

● 1971 - People's Republic of South Yemen renames itself People's Democratic Republic of Yemen

● 1971 - Cambodian Civil War: Khmer Rouge rebels intensify assaults on Cambodian government positions, forcing their retreat from Kompong Thmar and nearby Ba Ray.

● 1972 - Wings release "Hi, Hi, Hi" in UK

● 1973 - David Ben-Gurion, the founding father of Israel and its first prime minister, died at the age of 87.

● 1973 - Australia grants self-government to Papua New Guinea

● 1973 - Jack Nicklaus becomes 1st golfer to earn $2 million in a year

● 1973 - Jan Ferraris wins LPGA-Japan Golf Classic

● 1973 - Stan Stasiak beats Pedro Morales in Philadelphia, to become WWF champion

● 1974 - Los Angeles Skid Row slasher kills first of 8

● 1974 - TWA Flight 514, a Boeing 727, crashes northwest of Dulles International Airport killing all 92 people on-board.

● 1974 - Jacqueline Hansen runs female world record marathon (2:43:54.5)

● 1975 - US President Gerald Ford visits China People's Republic

● 1976 - Angola admitted to UN

● 1976 - Bangladesh General Ziaur Rahman declares himself president

● 1976 - The Sex Pistols, following their first single, "Anarchy in the U.K.," appear on British TV's "Today Show," a replacement for Queen. Interviewer Bill Grundy taunts them for their "nasty" reputation, provokes bass player Glenn Matlock to say "fuck" on the air. In the resulting uproar, they are banned from all but five cities of their first U.K. tour. By next month, no club or concert hall in Great Britain will book them.

● 1978 - President Carter more than doubles national park system size

● 1978 - Test Cricket debut of Rodney Hogg, vs England at the Gabba

● 1978 - US performs nuclear test at Nevada Test Site

● 1980 - Mel Harris appears on MASH in "Cementing Relationships"

● 1980 - US Justice Department sues Yonkers citing racial discrimination

● 1980 - 46th Heisman Trophy Award: George Rogers, South Carolina (RB)

● 1981 - A chartered Yugoslavian Inex Adria Aviopromet DC-9 crashes in Corsica killing 180.

● 1982 - At the University of Utah, Barney Clark becomes the first person to receive a permanent artificial heart.

● 1982 - Miguel de la Madrid inaugurated as President of México

● 1982 - Michael Jackson releases "Thriller"

● 1983 - Rita M. Lavelle, a former Environmental Protection Agency official, was convicted in Washington of perjury and trying to obstruct a congressional inquiry.

● 1984 - A remote-controlled Boeing 720 jetliner was deliberately crashed into California's Mojave Desert to test an anti-flame fuel additive. The test proved to be disappointing. (i. e. the jet fuel burned like jet fuel)

● 1984 - 50th Heisman Trophy Award: Doug Flutie, Boston College (QB)

● 1984 - France performs nuclear test

● 1984 - Greg Page KOs Gerrie Coetzee in 8 for WBA heavyweight boxing title

● 1985 - STS 61-C vehicle moves to launch pad

● 1985 - Noraly Beyer becomes Netherlands' 1st black TV newscaster

● 1985 - South Africa's Cosatu union centre forms

● 1986 - Surprise inquiry into Guinness affairs; Guinness shares plunge by £300m as the government orders an inquiry into the affairs of the company.

● 1986 - Paul McCartney releases "Only Love Remains"

● 1986 - Musée d'orsay opens in Paris

● 1986 - U.S. President Ronald Reagan said he would welcome an investigation of the Iran-Contra affair if it were recommended by the Justice Department.

● 1987 - James Baldwin dies at his home in southern France. Gay African American novelist, civil rights activist.

● 1987 - Digging begins to link England & France under the English Channel

● 1987 - NASA announced four companies had been given contracts to help build a space station. The companies were Boeing Aerospace, G. E.'s Astro-Space Division, McDonnell Douglas Aeronautics, and Rocketdyne Division of Rockwell International.

● 1988 - 596 dead after cyclone hits Bangladesh, half a million homeless

● 1988 - World AIDS Day founded by World Health Organization, Geneva.

● 1988 - Benazir Bhutto named 1st female PM of a Moslem country (Pakistan)

● 1988 - NBC bids record $401 million to capture rights to 1992 Barcelona Olympics

● 1988 - New York Islanders greatest shutout loss (8-0) vs St Louis Blues

● 1988 - Chinese minister of Foreign affairs Qian Qichen visits Moscow

● 1989 - "Day Without Art"-Artists demonstrate against AIDS

● 1989 - Mark Langston signs record $3.2 million per year California Angels contract

● 1989 - USSR President Mikhail S Gorbachev meets Pope John Paul II at the Vatican

● 1989 - Right-wing military rebel Reform the Armed forces Movement (RAM) attempt to oust Philippine President Corazon Aquino by a bloody coup attempt.

● 1989 - Cold War: East Germany's parliament abolishes the constitutional provision granting the communist party the monopoly in the state.

● 1990 - Channel Tunnel sections started from the United Kingdom and France meet 40 meters beneath the seabed.

● 1990 - Iraq accepts Bush's offer for talks

● 1990 - Lithuania, Estonia & Latvia hold their 1st joint session

● 1990 - New York Knicks Patrick Ewing scores 50 points beating Charlotte 113-96

● 1990 - 56th Heisman Trophy Award: Ty Detmer, Brigham Young (QB)

● 1990 - Hissene Habré of Chad flees to Cameroon

● 1991 - AIDS awareness day

● 1991 - US 75th manned space mission "STS 44" Atlantis 10 lands

● 1991 - "Moscow Circus Cirk Valentin" closes at Gershwin NYC after 32 performances

● 1991 - "Once on this Island" closes at Booth Theater NYC after 469 performances

● 1991 - 80th Davis Cup: France beats USA in Lyon (3-1); this is France's 1st Davis Cup since 1932

● 1991 - Colorado party wins Paraguay parliamentary election

● 1991 - Nursultan Nazarbayev sworn in as President of Kazakhstan

● 1991 - Shiite Muslim kidnappers pledged to release American hostage Joseph Cicippio within 48 hours.

● 1991 - Cold War: Ukrainian voters overwhelmingly approve a referendum for independence from the Soviet Union.

● 1992 - 2 C-141B Starlifters collide in Montana & crash, 13 die

● 1992 - Amy Fisher was sentenced to five to 15 years in prison for shooting and seriously wounding Mary Jo Buttafuoco, the wife of the teenager's lover, Joey Buttafuoco, on New York's Long Island.

● 1992 - Russian President Boris Yeltsin survived an impeachment attempt by hard-liners at the opening of the Russian Congress.

● 1992 - Amy Fisher was sentenced to five to 15 years in prison for shooting Mary Jo Buttafuoco.

● 1993 - Northwest Airlink plane crashes in Minnesota, killing 18

● 1994 - 3 Seattle Seahawks injured in a car accident

● 1994 - Cindy Crawford & Richard Gere announce they are separating, they could agree who was better looking.

● 1994 - Ernesto Zedillo innaugrated as President of México

● 1994 - PTL leader Jim Bakker released from jail

● 1994 - Rober Schumanns 2nd Symphony premieres in London

● 1994 - The U.S. Senate gave final congressional approval to the 124-nation General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade.

● 1994 - While recovering from gunshot wounds suffered the day before, Tupac Shakur is convicted on charges of sexually abusing a woman in a hotel room.

● 1996 - Colin Montgomerie of Scotland wins Million Dollar Challenge, the richest first prize in golf - $1 million

● 1996 - 85th Davis Cup: France beats Sweden in Malmo (3-2)

● 1996 - Lance Klusener takes 8-64 in debut Test Cricket to trounce India

● 1997 - A silent march of women, protesting conscription, is met by a police attack and the arrest of 37 women. Khartoum, Sudan.

● 1997 - GS Warrior guard Latrell Sprewell, attacks his coach P J Carlesimo

● 1997 - Howard Stern Radio Show premieres in Davenport IA on KORB 93.5 FM

● 1997 - Westinghouse formally changes its name to CBS

● 1997 - Michael Carneal, 14 years old, fired upon a morning prayer group at Heath High School in West Paducah, KY. Three students were killed and five were wounded. Carneal plead guilty but insane and was sentenced to life in prison with no chance for parole for 25 years.

● 1998 - Exxon announces a US$73.7 billion deal to buy Mobil, thus creating Exxon-Mobil, the largest company on the planet.

● 1999 - An international team of scientists announced it had mapped virtually an entire human chromosome.

● 2000 - Vicente Fox is sworn-in as President of Mexico, ending the 75 year control of the PRI.

● 2001 - In the largest such protest since the fall of Hitler, 4,000 neo-Nazis rally in Berlin, while police battle with anti-racist counter-protesters.

● 2001 - Trans World Airlines flies its last flight, after being bought by American Airlines.

● 2001 - Two suicide bombers blew themselves up in back-to-back explosions at a downtown Jerusalem pedestrian mall, killing 11 bystanders.

● 2001 - A baby girl was born to Japan's Crown Princess Masako and Crown Prince Naruhito; she was later named Aiko.

● 2004 - Tom Brokaw signed off for the last time as principal anchor of the ''NBC Nightly News.''

● 2004 - South Africa's highest court ruled in favor of gay marriage.

● 2006 - Felipe Calderón is sworn-in as President of Mexico.

BIRTHS

● 1081 - Louis VI of France (d. 1137)

● 1083 - Anna Comnena, Byzantine historian (d. 1153)

● 1521 - Takeda Shingen, Japanese warlord (d. 1573)

● 1525 - Tadeáš Hájek, Czech physician and astronomer (d. 1600)

● 1580 - Nicolas-Claude Fabri de Peiresc, French astronomer (d. 1637)

● 1690 - Philip Yorke, 1st Earl of Hardwicke, Lord Chancellor of England (d. 1764)

● 1716 - Etienne-Maurice Falconet, French sculptor (d. 1791)

● 1743 - Martin Heinrich Klaproth, German chemist and discoverer of uranium (d. 1817)

● 1761 - Marie Tussaud, French creator of wax sculptures (Madame Tussauds) (d. 1850)

● 1766 - Nikolai Mikhailovich Karamzin, Russian writer (d. 1826)

● 1792 - Nikolai Ivanovich Lobachevsky, Russian mathematician (d. 1856)

● 1802 - Sir Dominic Corrigan, Irish physician and author (d. 1880)

● 1844 - Alexandra of Denmark, Danish Queen Consort of Edward VII of the United Kingdom (d. 1925)

● 1869 - Eligiusz Niewiadomski, Polish assassin of Gabriel Narutowicz (d. 1923)

● 1872 - Gerard Swope, American industrialist (d. 1957)

● 1873 - Valery Bryusov, Russian poet (d. 1924)

● 1884 - Karl Schmidt-Rottluff, German painter. (d.1976)

● 1886 - Rex Stout, American author (d. 1975)

● 1895 - Henry Williamson, English author (d. 1977)

● 1896 - Georgy Zhukov, Russian general & Marshal of the Soviet Union (d. 1974)

● 1901 - Ilona Feher, Hungarian-Jewish violinist (d. 1988)

● 1905 - Alexander Wilson, Canadian and Notre Dame athlete (d. 1994)

● 1910 - Alicia Markova, English ballerina (d. 2004)

● 1911 - Walter Alston, American baseball player & manager (d. 1984)

● 1911 - Calvin Griffith, Canadian baseball executive (d. 1999)

● 1912 - Minoru Yamasaki, American architect (d. 1986)

● 1913 - Mary Martin, American actress and singer (d. 1990)

● 1917 - Marty Marion, American baseball player & manager

● 1922 - Paul Picerni, American actor

● 1922 - Vsevolod Bobrov, Soviet Olympic Ice Hockey Player (d. 1979)

● 1923 - Stansfield Turner, American admiral and Central Intelligence Agency director

● 1923 - Morris, Belgian cartoonist (Lucky Luke) (d. 2001)

● 1926 - Robert Symonds, Actor

● 1930 - Joachim Hoffmann, German historian (d. 2002)

● 1932 - Matt Monro, English singer (d. 1985)

● 1933 - Fujiko F. Fujio, Japanese cartoon artist (d. 1996)

● 1934 - Billy Paul, American singer

● 1935 - Woody Allen, American film director, actor, and comedian

● 1935 - Lou Rawls, American singer (d. 2006)

● 1937 - Chuck Low, American actor

● 1938 - Sandy Nelson, American drummer

● 1939 - Dianne Lennon, Singer (The Lennon Sisters)

● 1939 - Lee Trevino, American golfer

● 1940 - Richard Pryor, American actor, comedian (d. 2005)

● 1942 - John Crowley, American author

● 1942 - Casey Van Beek, Country musician

● 1943 - David Salzman, TV producer

● 1944 - Pierre Arditi, French film and stage actor

● 1944 - Eric Bloom, American musician (Blue Öyster Cult)

● 1944 - John Densmore, American drummer (The Doors)

● 1945 - Bette Midler, American actress and singer

● 1946 - Gilbert O'Sullivan, Irish singer

● 1947 - Alain Bashung, French singer

● 1948 - George Foster, American baseball player

● 1949 - Pablo Escobar, Colombian drug lord (d. 1993)

● 1949 - Sebastián Piñera, Chilean businessman and presidential candidate

● 1950 - Keith Thibodeaux, American actor and drummer

● 1951 - Jaco Pastorius, American bassist (d. 1987)

● 1951 - Treat Williams, Actor

● 1954 - Bob Goen, American television game show host

● 1955 - Mark Thompson (radio), American disk jockey and actor

● 1956 - Kim Richey, Country singer

● 1958 - Charlene Tilton, Actress (''Dallas'')

● 1959 - Wally Lewis, Australian rugby player

● 1959 - Billy Childish, English painter, writer and mucisian.]]

● 1960 - Carol Alt, American supermodel

● 1961 - Jeremy Northam, English actor

● 1962 - Joe Quesada, American comic book writer and artist, and editor-in-chief at Marvel Comics

● 1962 - Sylvie Daigle, French Canadian speed skater

● 1963 - Arjuna Ranatunga, Sri Lankan cricketer

● 1966 - Larry Walker, Canadian baseball player

● 1967 - Nestor Carbonell, Actor

● 1970 - Jouko Ahola, Finnish strongman

● 1970 - Golden Brooks, Actress

● 1970 - Sarah Silverman, Comedian-actress

● 1970 - Kirk Rueter, American baseball player

● 1971 - Emily Mortimer, English actress

● 1971 - Stephanie Finochio, American professional wrestler

● 1971 - Dolgorsuren Serjbudee, Mongolian professional wrestler

● 1972 - Ron Melendez, Actor

● 1972 - Norbert Wójtowicz, Polish historian and theologian

● 1973 - Kate Rusby, English folk singer

● 1974 - Costinha, Portuguese footballer

● 1974 - David Ludwig, American composer

● 1975 - Sarah Masen, Singer

● 1976 - Matthew Shepard, American murder victim (d. 1998)

● 1977 - Brad Delson, American guitarist (Linkin Park)

● 1977 - Jared Fogle, Subway spokesperson

● 1980 - Mohammad Kaif, Indian cricketer

● 1988 - Ashley Monique Clark, Actress

● 2001 - Aiko, Princess Toshi of Japan

DEATHS

● 1135 - Henry I of England

● 1241 - Isabella of England, wife of Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor (b. 1214)

● 1377 - King Magnus II of Sweden (b. 1316)

● 1433 - Emperor Go-Komatsu of Japan (b. 1377)

● 1455 - Lorenzo Ghiberti, Italian artist and metal smith (b. 1378)

● 1521 - Pope Leo X (b. 1475)

● 1530 - Margaret of Austria, Regent of the Netherlands (b. 1480)

● 1580 - Giovanni Morone, Italian cardinal (b. 1509)

● 1581 - Edmund Campion, English Jesuit (martyred) (b. 1540)

● 1581 - Ralph Sherwin, English Catholic saint (b. 1550)

● 1602 - Kobayakawa Hideaki, Japanese samurai and warlord (b. 1582)

● 1633 - Infanta Isabella Clara Eugenia of Spain (b. 1566)

● 1660 - Pierre d'Hozier, French historian (b. 1592)

● 1707 - Jeremiah Clarke, English composer (b. 1674)

● 1709 - Abraham a Sancta Clara, Austrian preacher (b. 1644)

● 1723 - Susanna Centlivre, English dramatist and actress

● 1729 - Giacomo F. Maraldi, French-Italian astronomer (b. 1665)

● 1750 - Johan Gabriel Doppelmayr, German mathematician, astronomer, and cartographer (b. 1671)

● 1755 - Maurice Greene, English composer (b. 1696)

● 1767 - Henry Erskine, 10th Earl of Buchan, British Freemason (b. 1710)

● 1825 - Tsar Alexander I of Russia (b. 1777)

● 1830 - Pope Pius VIII (b. 1761)

● 1923 - Virginie Loveling, Belgian writer and poet (b. 1836)

● 1928 - José Eustasio Rivera, Colombian writer (b. 1888)

● 1934 - Sergei Kirov, Russian revolutionary (b. 1886)

● 1943 - Damrong Rajanubhab, Thai prince and historian (b. 1862)

● 1947 - Aleister Crowley, English occultist (b. 1875)

● 1950 - E. J. Moeran, English composer (b. 1894)

● 1954 - Fred Rose, American songwriter and music publishing executive (b. 1897)

● 1964 - J. B. S. Haldane, Scottish geneticist (b. 1892)

● 1968 - Dario Moreno, Turkish-Jewish singer (b. 1921)

● 1969 - Magic Sam, American blues guitarist and singer (b. 1937)

● 1973 - David Ben-Gurion, first Prime Minister of Israel (b. 1886)

● 1975 - Nellie Fox, baseball player (b. 1927)

● 1975 - Anna E. Roosevelt, American radio personality (b. 1906)

● 1986 - Lee Dorsey, American R&B singer (b. 1924)

● 1987 - James Baldwin, American writer (b. 1924)

● 1987 - Punch Imlach, National Hockey Leaguecoach and general manager (b. 1918)

● 1989 - Alvin Ailey, American dancer, choreographer (b. 1931)

● 1991 - George Joseph Stigler, American economist, Bank of Sweden Prize winner (b. 1911)

● 1996 - Peter Bronfman, Canadian businessman (b. 1928)

● 1997 - Audree Wilson, mother of three founding members of The Beach Boys (b. 1917)

● 1997 - Stéphane Grappelli, French jazz violinist (b. 1908)

● 1997 - Michel Bélanger, French Canadian businessman and banker (b. 1929)

● 2002 - Dave McNally, Major League Baseball pitcher (b. 1942)

● 2003 - Clark Kerr, first Chancellor of the University of California, Berkeley (b. 1911)

● 2004 - Prince Bernhard of the Netherlands (b. 1911)

● 2006 - Claude Jade, French actress (b. 1948)

● 2006 - Bruce Trigger, Canadian archaeologist, McGill University (b. 1937)

HOLIDAYS AND OBSERVANCES

● Roman Catholic:
● St. Eligius, bishop/goldsmith
● St. Edmund Campion, English Jesuit, martyr
● St. Agericus
● St. Ananias
● St. Ansanus
● St. Ursicinus
● St. Candres
● St. Castritian
● St. Constantian
● St. Diodorus & Marianus
● St. Grwst
● St. Leontius
● St. Lucius
● St. Natalia
● St. Olympiades
● Bl. Alexander Briant
● Bl. John Beche
● Bl. Richard Langley

● Russian Orthodox Christian Menaion Calendar for November 18 (Civil Date: December 1)
● Nativity Fast.
● Martyr Platon of Ancyra.
● Martyr Romanus the Deacon of Caesarea.
● Martyr Romanus.
● St. Barulas the Youth of Antioch.
● Martyrs Zacchaeus the Deacon and Alphaeus of Caesaria in Palestine.
● New Martyrs Anastasius of Epirus and Daniel.

● Russian Orthodox Christian Menaion Calendar for November 19 (Civil Date: December 1)
● Nativity Fast.
● Prophet Obadiah (Abdias).
● Martyr Barlaam of Caesarea in Cappadocia.
● St. Barlaam and St. Ioasaph, prince of India, and St. Abenner the king, father of St. Ioasaph.
● Martyr Azes of Isauria and with him 150 soldiers.
● Martyr Heliodorus in Pamphylia.
● St. Barlaam, abbot of the Kiev Caves.
● St. Hilarion, monk, Wonderworker of Thessalonica.

● Greek Calendar:
● Martyr Agapius.
● Martyrs Anthimus, Thalalaeus, Christopher, Euphemia and her children.
● Martyr Pancharius.
● Repose of Metropolitan Philaret of Moscow (1867).

● Anglican:
● Commemoration of Nicholas Ferrar, deacon

● World AIDS Day

● Portugal, Azores - Restoration of Independence Day: on December 1, 1640, Portugal regains its independence from Spain and João IV of Portugal becomes king.

● Costa Rica - Military Abolition Day

● Ancient Latvia - Barbes Diena observed

● Romania - Union Day (the national holiday)

● Angola's Pioneers' Day

● Iceland - Fullveldisdagur Islendinga - Self-Ruling Day

● Cape Verde : Restoration Day (1968)

● Central African Republic : Republic Day (1958)

● Iceland : Independence Day (1918)

● Liberia : Matilda Newport Day (1822)

● Portuguese Guiana : Mocidale Day/Youth Day






Click on this LINK to see original Wikipedia list with many having links with details.

Additional facts taken from:

On this day in the New York Times

The BBC’s Take on the day

On This Day Website

Scope Systems Any Day Website

Geov Parrish's this Day in Radical History, things that happened on this day that you never had to memorize in school.

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