November 23.....

November 23 is the 327th day of the year (328th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. There are 38 days remaining in the year on this date.

EVENTS

● 1170 BC - First recorded strike for better working conditions and pay takes place in Egypt.

● 1499 - Pretender to the throne Perkin Warbeck is hanged for reportedly attempting to escape from the Tower of London. He had invaded England in 1497, claiming to be the lost son of King Edward IV of England.

● 1644 - Areopagitica by John Milton is published.

● 1654 - French mathematician and scientist Blaise Pascal, 31, experiences an intense mystical vision and undergoes a profound religious conversion. He thereupon abandoned his study of science becoming a religious philosopher, having realized that "the Christian religion obliges us to live only for God, and to have no other aim than him."

● 1729 – German-born John Philip Boehm, 46, was formally ordained a pastor of the Dutch Reformed Church. Boehm had previously come to America in 1720, where he began organizing religious services among German Reformed immigrants in Pennsylvania.

● 1742 - English revivalist George Whitefield wrote in a letter: 'Two things I would earnestly recommend to your constant study: the book of God, and your own heart. These two, well understood, will make you an able minister of the New Testament.'

● 1760 - Birth of French revolutionary Francois-Noel Babeuf, St. Quentin, France. Communist leader in the French Revolution, member of the Conspiracy of Equals, until betrayed to the Directory, when he was captured and executed. Opposed to the middle-class degeneration of the revolution. The Conspiracy of Equals included Buonarroti, Sylvain Maréchal, Jacques Roux, and Varlet, among others. Babeuf & 30 others were executed, but Varlet escaped and published "Explosion," one of the first anarchist proclamations, declaring "Government and revolution are incompatible."

● 1765 - Frederick County, MD, repudiated the British Stamp Act.

● 1774 - Minute Men organized for revolutionary uprising.

● 1804 - Franklin Pierce, the 14th president of the United States, was born in Hillsboro, New Hampshire.

● 1831 - In the Lyon, France Silk Workers' Revolt, workers occupy the Town Hall, and an attempt at an insurrectionary government is made. For lack of a clear politics, or by a trick of the authorities, the latter regain control of the city on December 2.

● 1835 - Henry Burden patented the horseshoe manufacturing machine.

● 1852 - Just past midnight, a sharp jolt (earthquake) causes Lake Merced to drop 30 feet.

● 1859 - Birth of Billy the Kid (William Bonney).

● 1863 - American Civil War: Battle of Chattanooga begins - Union forces led by General Ulysses S. Grant reinforce troops at Chattanooga, Tennessee and counter-attack Confederate troops.

● 1867 - The Manchester Martyrs were hanged in Manchester, England for rescueing two Irish men from jail.

● 1869 - In Dumbarton, Scotland, the clipper Cutty Sark is launched - one of the last clippers ever to be built, and the only one still surviving to this day.

● 1869 - Birth of anarchist Charles Albert.

● 1876 - Corrupt Tammany Hall leader William Marcy Tweed (better known as Boss Tweed) is delivered to authorities in New York City after being captured in Spain.

● 1883 - Birth of radical Marxist muralist Jose Orozco, Zapatlan, Jalisco, Mexico.

● 1888 - Birth of Harpo Marx.

● 1889 - The first jukebox made its debut in San Francisco, at the Palais Royale Saloon.

● 1890 - King William III of the Netherlands dies without a male heir and a special law is passed to allow his daughter Princess Wilhelmina to become Queen at the age of 10.

● 1895 - The first ever Backyard Brawl rivalry match-up between Pitt Panthers and West Virginia Mountaineers takes place.

● 1903 - Singer Enrico Caruso made his American debut at the Metropolitan Opera House in New York, appearing in ''Rigoletto.''

● 1903 - Colorado Governor James Peabody sends the state militia into the town of Cripple Creek to break up a miners' strike. (Read the full story in the next entry.)

● 1903 - U.S. Army troops, commanded by General Sherman Bell, dispatched to Cripple Creek, Colorado, to control a rebellion by striking coal miners. Paid by mine owners and the state, Bell arrives and throws 600 union workers into a military bullpen, holding them for weeks without charges. When a lawyer appears with a writ of habeas corpus, the general says, "Habeas corpus, hell! We'll give 'em post mortems!" The "Victor Record" editor criticized Bell's seizure of power, but soldiers will confiscate the issue, seize the editors and printers, and throw them into the bullpen as well. The wife of one of the jailed printers, Emma Langdon, publishes the paper on her own the next night.

● 1917 - U.S. Supreme Court strikes down Louisville (Ky.) ordinance requiring blacks and whites to live in separate residential areas.

● 1928 - Albert Laisant, anarchist, dies.

● 1934 - An Anglo-Ethiopian boundary commission in the Ogaden discovers an Italian garrison at Walwal, which lay well within Ethiopian territory. This leads to the Abyssinia Crisis.

● 1935 - Ethel Leginska became the first woman to write an opera --and conduct it. Her original work, "Gale," opened at the Chicago City Opera Company. Leginska was tragically cut down in her prime, killed by a lightning strike. Her epitaph reads - "Even God found Her a good Conductor."

● 1936 - Life magazine, created by Henry R. Luce, was first published.

● 1943 - The Deutsche Opernhaus on Bismarckstraße in the Berlin neighborhood of Charlottenburg is destroyed. It will eventually be rebuilt in 1961 and be called the Deutsche Oper Berlin.

● 1943 - During World War II, U.S. forces seized control of Tarawa and Makin from the Japanese during the Central Pacific offensive in the Gilbert Islands.

● 1945 - The U.S. wartime rationing of most foods, including meat and butter, ended.

● 1946 - French Navy opens fire on Haiphong, Vietnam, kills 6,000.

● 1947 - E. L. Sukenik of Jerusalem's Hebrew University first received word of the existence of the Dead Sea Scrolls. The documents, dating between 200 BC and AD 70, had been accidentally discovered the previous winter (1946-47) by two Bedouin shepherds in the vicinity of Qumran.

● 1948 - Dr. Frank G. Back patented the "Zoomar" lens.

● 1954 - For the first time, the Dow Jones Industrial Average closes above the peak it reached just before the 1929 crash.

● 1955 - The Cocos Islands are transferred from the control of the United Kingdom to Australia.

● 1956 - Milly Witkop Rocker dies. Anarchist, lifelong companion of Rudolf Rocker.

● 1958 - Ronald and Nancy Reagan appear together in the "G.E. Theatre" production of "A Turkey for President." I did not make this up.

● 1959 - General Charles de Gaulle, President of France, declares in a speech in Strasbourg his vision for a "Europe, from the Atlantic to the Urals."

● 1961 - The Dominican Republic changed the name of its capital from Ciudad Trujillo to Santo Domingo.

● 1962 - United Airlines Flight 297 crashes killing all 17 on-board.

● 1963 - The first episode of the long-running science fiction television series Doctor Who, An Unearthly Child, airs on the BBC.

● 1963 - In the United States, television coverage of the assassination of JFK continues, unprecedented around the clock without commercials. Casinos in Nevada must board up entrances to close down until the funeral is held.

● 1964 - U.S. Supreme Court refuses to strike the phrase "under God," instituted in 1954, from the Pledge of Allegiance.

● 1968 - RCMP arrests 114 during anti-war protests on campus of Simon Fraser University. Burnaby, British Columbia.

● 1970 - A Lithuanian radio operator seeking asylum leaps from Russian trawler onto the deck of the Coast Guard cutter Vigilant. Commander Ralph Eustis allowed Soviet sailors to board his vessel, tie up the would-be defector, and drag him back.

● 1970 - Pope Paul VI issued a decree barring cardinals over the age of 80 from voting for a new pope.

● 1971 - The representatives of the People's Republic of China first attended the United Nations, including the United Nations Security Council, as China's representatives. Free China (Taiwan) which had held these positions in the past is now ignored.

● 1972 - UNESCO World Heritage Treaty signed.

● 1978 - Nightclub ordered to lift race ban; A Birmingham nightclub is ordered to open its doors to black and Chinese people.

● 1979 - In Dublin, Ireland, Irish Republican Army member Thomas McMahon is sentenced to life in prison for the assassination of Lord Mountbatten.

● 1980 - A series of earthquakes in southern Italy kills approximately 4,800 people.

● 1981 - Iran-Contra scandal: Ronald Reagan signs the top secret National Security Decision Directive 17 (NSDD-17), giving the Central Intelligence Agency the authority to form paramilitary squads of Nicaraguan exiles to overthrow the Sandanista government of Nicaragua.

● 1984 - London tube (subway) fire traps hundreds; Almost 1,000 passengers are trapped in smoke-filled tunnels for three hours after a fire at Oxford Circus underground station.

● 1984 - Boston College quarterback Doug Flutie throws a game-winning 48-yard Hail Mary pass to Gerard Phelan to defeat the University of Miami Hurricanes 45-41. It is one of the most famous plays in American college football history.

● 1985 - Gunmen hijack EgyptAir Flight 648 while en route from Athens to Cairo. When the plane lands in Malta, Egyptian commandos storm the hijacked jetliner, but 60 people die in the raid.

● 1985 - Larry Wu-tai Chin, a retired CIA analyst, was arrested and accused of spying for China. He committed suicide a year after his conviction.

● 1986 - In Manila, President Aquino dismissed Defense Minister Enrile.

● 1987 - Max Sartin, 97, dies, Salt Lake City, Utah. True name Raffaele Schiaviana. Expelled from the land of the free during the Red Scare in 1920 for anti-war activities. Participated, in Paris, in the defense of Sacco and Vanzetti. Returned to the U.S., where he published, for 45 years, the weekly magazine "Adunata dei Refrattari."

● 1988 - Wayne Gretzky scored his 600th National Hockey League (NHL) goal.

● 1989 - Lucia Barrera de Cerna, a housekeeper who claimed she had witnessed the slaying of six Jesuit priests and two other people at the Jose Simeon Canas University in El Salvador, was flown to the U.S.

● 1990 - The first all woman expedition to the south pole (3 Americans, 1 Japanese and 12 Russians), sets off from Antarctica on the 1st leg of a 70 day, 1287 kilometre ski trek.

● 1991 - Yugoslavia's rival leaders agreed to a new cease-fire, the 14th of the Balkan civil war.

● 1991 - The Sacramento Kings ended the NBA's longest road losing streak at 43 games.

● 1992 - The play "Someone Who'll Watch Over Me" opened.

● 1993 - Rachel Whiteread wins both the £20,000 Turner Prize award for best British modern artist and the £40,000 K Foundation art award for the worst artist of the year.

● 1994 - About 111 people, mostly women and children, were killed in a stampede after Indian police baton-charged tribal protesters in the western city of Nagpur.

● 1995 - Charles Rathbun, free-lance photographer, was booked in Hermosa Beach, CA, for investigation of murder in the disappearance of model Linda Sobek. He was later convicted.

● 1996 - Ethiopian Airlines Flight 961 is hijacked, then crashes into the Indian Ocean off the coast of Comoros after running out of fuel, killing 123.

● 1996 - The Republic of Angola officially joins the World Trade Organization.

● 1998 - Dennis Rodman filed for an annulment from Carmen Electra. The two had been married on November 14, 1998.

● 1998 - The tobacco industry signed the biggest U.S. civil settlement. It was a $206-billion deal to resolve remaining state claims for treating sick smokers.

● 1998 - A U.S. federal judge rejected a Virginia county's effort to block pornography on library computer calling the attempt unconstitutional.

● 2000 - In a setback for Democratic presidential candidate Al Gore, the Florida Supreme Court refused to order Miami-Dade County to resume counting ballots by hand.

● 2001 - The U.N. war crimes tribunal said it would try former Yugoslav President Slobodan Milosevic for genocide in Bosnia.

● 2001 - An Israeli helicopter fired two missiles at a van in the West Bank, killing Mahmoud Abu Hanoud, a leading member of the Islamic militant Hamas group.

● 2001 - A crowd of 87,555 people watched the Texas Longhorns beat the Texas A&M Aggies 21-7. The crowd was the largest to see a football game in Texas.

● 2002 - Riots force Miss World out of Nigeria; Miss World organizers cancel the controversial beauty pageant that has sparked violence among Christians and Muslims.

● 2003 - Georgian president Eduard Shevardnadze resigns following weeks of mass protests over rigged elections.

● 2004 - Opposition leader Viktor Yushchenko declared himself the winner of Ukraine's disputed presidential election and took a symbolic oath of office.

● 2004 - Dan Rather announced he would step down as principal anchorman of "The CBS Evening News" in March 2005.

● 2004 - Alex Ferguson takes charge of his 1000th game as manager of Manchester United.

BIRTHS

● 912 - Otto I the Great, German king (936-73) and Holy Roman emperor (962-73) (d. 973)

● 1221 - King Alfonso X of Castile (d. 1284)

● 1402 - Jean de Dunois, French soldier (d. 1468)

● 1417 - William FitzAlan, 16th Earl of Arundel, English politician (d. 1487)

● 1553 - Prospero Alpini, Italian physician and botanist (d. 1617)

● 1616 - John Wallis, English mathematician (d. 1703)

● 1632 - Jean Mabillon, French palaeographer and diplomat (d. 1707)

● 1641 - Anthonie Heinsius, Dutch statesman (d. 1720)

● 1705 - Thomas Birch, English historian (d. 1766)

● 1715 - Pierre Charles Le Monnier, French astronomer (d. 1799)

● 1719 - Spranger Barry, Irish actor (d. 1777)

● 1749 - Edward Rutledge, U.S. statesman (d. 1800)

● 1760 - François-Noël Babeuf, French revolutionary (d. 1797)

● 1804 - Franklin Pierce, 14th President of the United States (d. 1869)

● 1820 - Isaac Todhunter, British mathematician (d. 1884)

● 1837 - Johannes Diderik van der Waals, Dutch physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1923)

● 1860 - Billy The Kid, American gunfighter of the Wild West (d. 1881)

● 1860 - Hjalmar Branting, Prime Minister of Sweden, and 1921 Nobel Peace Prize winner (d. 1925)

● 1861 - Konstantin Korovin, Russian painter (d. 1939)

● 1864 - Henry Bourne Joy, American automobile executive (d. 1936)

● 1869 - Valdemar Poulsen, Danish engineer; contributed to development of radio (d. 1942)

● 1875 - Anatoly Lunacharsky, Russian literary critic and politician (d. 1933)

● 1876 - Manuel de Falla, Spanish composer (d. 1946)

● 1887 - Eduardo Corrochio, Spanish-born dancer (d. 1943)

● 1887 - Boris Karloff, British actor (d. 1969)

● 1888 - Harpo Marx, American comedian (d. 1964)

● 1890 - El Lissitzky, Russian artist and architect (d. 1941)

● 1892 - Erté, French fashion and stage designer (d. 1990)

● 1897 - Nirad C. Chaudhuri, Indian writer (d. 1999)

● 1897 - Karl Gebhardt, Nazi doctor (d. 1948)

● 1902 - Victor Jory, Canadian actor (d. 1982)

● 1907 - Lars Leksell, Swedish physician (d. 1986)

● 1908 - Nelson S. Bond, American Science Fiction Writer

● 1909 - Nigel Tranter, British historian and writer (d. 2000)

● 1917 - Michael Gough, Actor

● 1920 - Paul Celan, Romanian-born German poet (d. 1970)

● 1921 - Fred Buscaglione, Italian singer and actor (d. 1960)

● 1922 - Manuel Fraga Iribarne, president of Spanish Galicia

● 1923 - R.L. Burnside, American musician (d. 2005)

● 1923 - Billy Haughton, American harness driver and trainer (d. 1986)

● 1924 - Colin Macmillan Turnbull, British-born anthropologist (d. 1994)

● 1925 - Johnny Mandel, American songwriter

● 1925 - José Napoleón Duarte, President of El Salvador (1984-89) (d. 1990)

● 1926 - Sathya Sai Baba, Indian "God-man", widely believed to be Avatar of the age

● 1928 - Jerry Bock, Broadway composer (''Fiddler on the Roof'')

● 1931 - Dervla Murphy, Irish traveller and author

● 1933 - Krzysztof Penderecki, Polish composer

● 1934 - Robert Towne, American writer, director, producer, and actor

● 1934 - Lew Hoad, Australian tennis player (d. 1994)

● 1935 - Vladislav Volkov, Soviet cosmonaut (d. 1971)

● 1936 - Robert Barnard, British mystery writer

● 1941 - Franco Nero, Italian actor

● 1942 - Susan Anspach, Actress

● 1943 - Andrew Goodman, American civil rights activist (d. 1964)

● 1943 - Sue Nicholls (The Honourable Susan Frances Harmer Nicholls), British actress

● 1944 - Joe Eszterhas, Hungarian-born film producer and writer

● 1944 - James Toback, American writer and director

● 1945 - Steve Landesberg, American actor (''Barney Miller'')

● 1945 - James Doyle, Governor of Wisconsin

● 1945 - Dennis Nilsen, Scottish serial killer

● 1945 - Keith Hampshire, English singer-songwriter

● 1953 - Charles Schumer, U.S. Senator (D-NY)

● 1953 - Francis Cabrel, French singer

● 1954 - Bruce Hornsby, American musician

● 1954 - Glenn Brummer, Baseball player

● 1955 - Steven Brust, American author

● 1955 - Mary Landrieu, U.S. Senator (D-LA)

● 1955 - Ludovico Einaudi, Italian composer and pianist

● 1956 - Steve Harvey, American actor and comedian

● 1959 - Maxwell Caulfield, British actor

● 1959 - Dominique Dunne, American actress (d. 1982)

● 1965 - John Henton, Actor

● 1965 - Robin Roberts, TV host (''Good Morning America'')

● 1965 - Jennifer Michael Hecht, American poet and historian

● 1966 - Ken Block, Rock musician (Sister Hazel)

● 1966 - Charlie Grover, Rock musician

● 1967 - Salli Richardson-Whitfield, Actress

● 1968 - Hamid Hassani, Iranian lexicographer

● 1969 - Jonathan Seet, Canadian singer

● 1970 - Zoë Ball, British television and radio presenter

● 1970 - Oded Fehr, Actor

● 1971 - Lisa Kushell, American actress

● 1972 - Chris Adler, American musician (Lamb of God)

● 1972 – Kurupt, Rapper (Tha Dogg Pound)

● 1974 - Jamie Sharper, American football player

● 1977 - Page Kennedy, Actor (''Desperate Housewives'')

● 1977 - Myriam Boileau, Canadian diver

● 1979 - Kelly Brook, Actress (''Smallville'')

● 1980 - David Britz, American nanotechnologist

● 1980 - Jonathan Papelbon, American baseball player

● 1984 - Lucas Grabeel, American actor and singer

● 1992 - Miley Cyrus, American actress and singer (''Hannah Montana')

● 1995 - Austin Majors, Actor (''NYPD Blue'')

DEATHS

● 947 - Berthold, Duke of Bavaria

● 955 - Edred, King of England (b. c. 923)

● 1407 - Louis of Valois, Duke of Orléans, brother of Charles VI of France (murdered) (b. 1372)

● 1457 - King Ladislaus Posthumus of Bohemia and Hungary (b. 1440)

● 1499 - Perkin Warbeck, Flemish imposter (b. 1474)

● 1503 - Margaret of York, wife of Charles I, Duke of Burgundy (b. 1446)

● 1572 - Agnolo di Cosimo, Italian artist and poet (b. 1503)

● 1585 - Thomas Tallis, English composer (b. 1505)

● 1616 - Richard Hakluyt, English writer (b. 1552)

● 1682 - Claude Lorrain, French painter (b. 1604)

● 1763 - Friedrich Graf von Seckendorf, German soldier (b. 1673)

● 1769 - Constantine Mavrocordatos, Prince of Wallachia and Prince of Moldavia (b. 1711)

● 1783 - Yoriyuki Arima, Japanese mathematician (b. 1714)

● 1803 - Roger Newdigate, British politician (b. 1719)

● 1804 - Richard Graves, British writer (b. 1715)

● 1807 - Jean-François Rewbell, French politician (b. 1747)

● 1814 - Elbridge Gerry, Vice President of the United States of America (b. 1744)

● 1833 - Jean-Baptiste Jourdan, French marshal (b. 1762)

● 1890 - King William III of the Netherlands (b. 1817)

● 1902 - Walter Reed, American bacteriologist (b. 1851)

● 1923 - Urmuz, Romanian writer (b. 1883)

● 1934 - Giovanni Brunero, Italian cyclist (b. 1895)

● 1937 - Jagdish Chandra Bose, Indian physicist (b. 1858)

● 1937 - George Albert Boulenger, Belgian naturalist (b. 1858)

● 1948 - Hack Wilson, Baseball Hall of Famer (b. 1900)

● 1966 - Sean O'Kelly, President of Ireland (b. 1882)

● 1973 - Sessue Hayakawa, Japanese actor (b. 1889)

● 1974 - Cornelius Ryan, Irish-born author (b. 1920)

● 1979 - Merle Oberon, British actress (b. 1911)

● 1979 - Judee Sill, American musician and songwriter (b. 1944)

● 1990 - Roald Dahl, British author (b. 1916)

● 1991 - Klaus Kinski, German actor (b. 1926)

● 1992 - Roy Acuff, American musician (b. 1903)

● 1992 - Jean-François Thiriart, Belgian politician (b. 1922)

● 1994 - Art Barr, Professional wrestler

● 1995 - Louis Malle, French film director (b. 1932)

● 1995 - Junior Walker, American musician (b. 1931)

● 2002 - Roberto Matta, Chilean painter (b. 1911)

● 2004 - Pete Franklin, American talk radio host (b. 1928)

● 2005 - Frank Gatski, American football player (center) (b. 1919)

HOLIDAYS AND OBSERVANCES

● Roman Catholic:
● Pope St. Clement I, 4th Pope (c 88-97)
● St. Columban, Irish monk, abbot
● St. Amphilocus
● St. Wilfretrudis
● St. Trudo
● St. Rachilidis
● St. Paternian
● St. Paulhen
● Blessed Miguel Pro

● Russian Orthodox Christian Menaion Calendar for November 10 (Civil Date: November 23)
● Apostles Erastus, Olympas, Herodion, Sosipater, Quartus, and Tertius of the Seventy.
● Martyr Orestes of Cappadocia.
● St. Theocteristus, abbot of Symbola on Mt. Olympus.
● Hieromartyr Milos (Miles), Bishop of Persia, and two disciples.
● St. Nonnus, Bishop of Heliopolis.
● Martyr Constantine, prince of Georgia.

● Greek Calendar:
● Great Martyr George of Iberia.
● Translation of the Relics of St. Gregory, presbyter, in Assos of Lesbos.

● Bahá'í Faith - Feast of Qawl (Speech) - First day of the 14th month of the Bahá'í calendar

● Georgia - St George's Day

● Maryland : Repudiation Day (commemorates 1765 Frederick County, MD, repudiation of the British Stamp Act.)

● Japan - Kinro kansha no hi (Labour Thanksgiving Day)

● Slovenia - Rudolf Maister Day

● Isle of Man General Election every five years (next two 2006 and 2011)

● These Holidays are only applicable on a given "day of the week"
● Bern Switzerland : Onion Market Day-autumn festival ( Monday )
● US : Thanksgiving ( Thursday )


Click on this LINK to see original Wikipedia list with many having links with details.

Additional facts taken from:

On this day in the New York Times

The BBC’s Take on the day

On This Day Website

Geov Parrish's this Day in Radical History, things that happened on this day that you never had to memorize in school.

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