October 9......

October 9 is the 282nd day of the year (283rd in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar. There are 83 days remaining in the year.

EVENTS

● 1000 - Leif Ericson lands at Vinland (Newfoundland), becoming the first known European to set foot in Canada. His father, Erik the Red, was previously the first European to set foot in North America when he landed in Greenland in 982.

● 1075 - Dmitar Zvonimir was crowned as king of the Croatia.

● 1238 - James I of Aragon conquered Valencia and founded the Kingdom of Valencia.

● 1446 - The Hangul alphabet is published in Korea.

● 1514 - marriage of Louis XII of France and Mary Tudor

● 1582 - Due to the implementation of the Gregorian calendar this day does not exist in this year in Italy, Poland, Portugal and Spain.

● 1604 - Supernova 1604, the most recent supernova to be observed in the Milky Way.

● 1635 - Founder of Rhode Island Roger Williams is banished from Massachusetts Bay Colony as a religious dissident after he spoke out against punishments for religious offenses and giving away Native American land.

● 1701 - The Collegiate School of Connecticut (later renamed Yale University) is chartered in Old Saybrook (later renamed New Haven), Connecticut.

● 1771 - The Dutch merchant ship Vrouw Maria sinks near the coast of Finland.

● 1776 - Father Francisco Palou and other Spanish Franciscan priests found Mission San Francisco de Asis in what is now San Francisco, California.

● 1799 - Sinking of HMS Lutine with the loss of 240 men and a cargo worth £1,200,000.

● 1812 - War of 1812: In a naval engagement on Lake Erie, American forces capture two British ships; the HMS Detroit and the HMS Caledonia.

● 1820 - Guayaquil declared independence from Spain.

● 1831 - Capo d'Istria was assassinated.

● 1845 - The eminent and controversial Anglican, John Henry Newman, was received into the Roman Catholic Church.

● 1864 - American Civil War: Battle of Tom's Brook - Union cavalrymen in the Shenandoah Valley defeat Confederate forces at Tom's Brook, Virginia.

● 1871 - The Great Chicago Fire is brought under control.

● 1874 - General Postal Union was created as a result of the Treaty of Berne.

● 1888 - The Washington Monument officially opens to the general public.

● 1914 - World War I: Siege of Antwerp - Antwerp, Belgium falls to German troops.

● 1919 - Black Sox scandal: The Cincinnati Reds "win" the World Series.

● 1930 - Laura Ingalls became the first woman to fly across the United States as she completed a nine-stop journey from Roosevelt Field in New York City to Glendale, California.

● 1934 - Regicide at Marseille: The assassination of King Alexander I of Yugoslavia and Louis Barthou, Foreign Minister of France.

● 1936 - Generators at Boulder Dam (later renamed to Hoover Dam) begin to transmit electricity from the Colorado River 266 miles to Los Angeles, California.

● 1940 - World War II: Battle of Britain - During a nighttime air raid by the German Luftwaffe, St. Paul's Cathedral is pierced by a bomb.

● 1942 - Statute of Westminster Adoption Act formalizes Australian autonomy.

● 1946 - The Eugene O'Neill drama ''The Iceman Cometh'' opened at the Martin Beck Theater in New York.

● 1957 - Neil H. McElroy was sworn in as the 6th Secretary of Defense of United States.

● 1959 - 'Supermac' leads Tories to victory; The Conservatives, under Harold Macmillan, win a third consecutive general election.

● 1962 - Uganda becomes a republic.

● 1963 - In northeast Italy, over 2,000 people are killed when a large landslide behind the Vajont Dam causes a giant wave of water to overtop it.

● 1967 - A day after being caught, Che Guevara is executed for attempting to incite a revolution in Bolivia.

● 1969 - In Chicago, the United States National Guard is called in for crowd control as demonstrations continue in connection to the trial of the "Chicago Eight" (trial started on September 24).

● 1970 - The Khmer Republic is proclaimed in Cambodia, thus began one of the bloodiest chapters in History, rivaling even the Holocaust of WWII.

● 1975 - Man killed in Piccadilly bomb blast; One man dies and at least 20 people are injured in the latest bomb attack on London.

● 1975 - Soviet scientist Andrei Sakharov was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize.

● 1983 - Rangoon bombing: attempted assassination of South Korean President Chun Doo Hwan during an official visit to Rangoon, Burma. Chun survived but the blast killed 17 of his entourage, including four cabinet ministers, whilst 17 others were injured. Four Burmese officials also died in the blast.

● 1985 - The hijackers of the “Achille Lauro” cruise liner surrendered after the ship arrived in Port Said, Egypt.

● 1986 - United States District Court Judge Harry E. Claiborne becomes the fifth federal official to be removed from office through impeachment.

● 1986 - The FOX Network begins broadcasting.

● 1988 - Latvia cries freedom from Moscow; Thousands of Latvians start a mass movement to press Moscow for greater independence from the Soviet Union.

● 1989 - An official news agency in the Soviet Union reports the landing of a UFO in Voronezh.

● 1989 - In Leipzig, East Germany, 70,000 protesters demand the legalization of opposition groups and democratic reforms.

● 1990 - David Souter was sworn in as an associate justice of the U.S. Supreme Court, and the NeoConning of the Court continues.

● 1991 - Ecuador becomes a member of the Berne Convention copyright treaty.

● 1991 - Sumos size up Royal Albert Hall; The first Sumo wrestling tournament ever held off Japanese soil in the sport's 1500 year history begins.

● 1992 - A 13 kilogram (est.) meteorite lands in the driveway of the Knapp residence in Peekskill, New York, destroying the family's 1980 Chevrolet Malibu.

● 1995 - An Amtrak Sunset Limited train is derailed by saboteurs near Palo Verde, Arizona.

● 2001 - Letters postmarked in Trenton, N.J., that later tested positive for anthrax spores were mailed to Senators Tom Daschle, D-SD, and Patrick Leahy, D-VT.

● 2002 - After losing a massive amount of ground during the summer of 2002, the Dow Jones Industrial Average closes at 7,286.27, its lowest level in five years. The NASDAQ also hit a six-year low of 1,114.11.

● 2002 - A man was gunned down moments after filling his tank at a gas station near Manassas, Va., in the latest sniper shooting in the Washington D.C. area.

● 2004 - Democratic elections held for the first time in Afghanistan.

● 2004 - The tri-annual federal election is held in Australia and Liberal Party of Australia leader, John Howard, wins a fourth term as Prime Minister in a landslide victory over opponent, Mark Latham of the Australian Labor Party.

● 2005 - China's State Bureau of Surveying and Mapping officially announces the new accurate height of Mount Everest is 8848.43 m.

● 2005 - When Tropical Depression 23 strengthens into Hurricane Vince it makes the 2005 Atlantic Hurricane Season the first season on record to use a name beginning with V.

● 2005 - Smoking is fully banned on the UK rail network.

BIRTHS

● 1201 - Robert de Sorbon, French theologian and founder of the Sorbonne (d. 1274)

● 1221 - Salimbene di Adam, Italian chronicler

● 1261 - King Dinis of Portugal (d. 1325)

● 1328 - King Peter I of Cyprus (d. 1369)

● 1581 - Claude Gaspard Bachet de Méziriac, French mathematician (d. 1638)

● 1585 - Heinrich Schütz, German composer (d. 1672)

● 1586 - Archduke Leopold V of Austria (d. 1632)

● 1757 - King Charles X of France (1824-30) (d. 1836)

● 1796 - Joseph Bonomi the Younger, English Egyptologist (d. 1878)

● 1835 - Camille Saint-Saëns, French composer (d. 1921)

● 1840 - Simeon Solomon, British artist (d. 1905)

● 1852 - Hermann Emil Fischer, German chemist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1919)

● 1859 - Alfred Dreyfus, French military officer wrongly convicted of treason, used as scapegoat because he was Jewish (d. 1935)

● 1860 - Leonard Wood, American medical officer and governor general of the Philippines (1921-27) (d. 1927)

● 1871 - George Gauthier, Bishop of Montreal and rector of the University of Montreal (d. 1940)

● 1873 - Karl Schwarzschild, German physicist and astronomer (d. 1916)

● 1873 - Charles Walgreen, American entrepreneur and pharmacist, founded Walgreens drug store chain (d. 1939)

● 1873 - Carl Flesch, Hungarian violinist (d. 1944)

● 1874 - Nicholas Roerich, Russian painter (d. 1947)

● 1879 - Max von Laue, German physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1960)

● 1886 - Rube Marquard, baseball player (d. 1980)

● 1888 - Nikolai Ivanovich Bukharin, Russian politician (d. 1938)

● 1890 - Aimee Semple McPherson, Canadian-born American evangelist (d. 1944)

● 1892 - Ivo Andrić, Serbo-Croatian writer, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1975)

● 1892 - Marina Tsvetaeva, Russian poet (d. 1941)

● 1893 - Mário de Andrade, Brazilian writer and photographer (d. 1945)

● 1899 - Bruce Catton, the American writer and historian known for his books about the Civil War (d. 1978)

● 1900 - Alastair Sim, Scottish actor (d. 1976)

● 1903 - Walter O'Malley, American lawyer baseball executive, owner of the Dodgers, moved club from Brooklyn to Los Angeles (d. 1979)

● 1906 - Léopold Sédar Senghor, Senegalese poet and politician (d. 2001)

● 1907 - Quintin Hogg, British politician (d. 2001)

● 1908 - Jacques Tati, French filmmaker (d. 1982)

● 1909 - Donald Coggan, Archbishop of Canterbury (d. 2000)

● 1911 - Joe Rosenthal, American photographer (d. 2006)

● 1915 - Clifford M. Hardin, United States Secretary of Agriculture

● 1918 - Lila Kedrova, Russian-born actress (d. 2000)

● 1920 - Jens Bjørneboe, Norwegian author (d. 1976)

● 1921 - Michel Boisrond, French film director (d. 2002)

● 1923 - Fyvush Finkel, American actor

● 1925 - Johnny Stompanato, American organized crime figure (d. 1958)

● 1926 - Danièle Delorme, French actress

● 1928 - Einojuhani Rautavaara, Finnish composer

● 1933 - Peter Mansfield, British physicist, Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine laureate

● 1935 - Prince Edward, Duke of Kent, member of the British Royal Family

● 1936 - Brian Blessed, English actor

● 1938 - Heinz Fischer, Austrian politician

● 1940 - John Lennon, British musician and songwriter in Liverpool, England (The Beatles) (d. 1980)

● 1941 - Trent Lott, American politician, US Senator, R-MS.

● 1941 - Chucho Valdés, Cuban musician

● 1944 - John Entwistle, British musician (The Who) (d. 2002)

● 1944 - Nona Hendryx, American singer (LaBelle)

● 1944 - Peter Tosh, Jamaican musician (d. 1987)

● 1946 - Tansu Çiller, Prime Minister of Turkey

● 1947 - France Gall, French singer

● 1948 - Jackson Browne, American musician

● 1950 - Gary Frank, Actor (“Family”)

● 1950 - Jody Williams, American teacher and aid worker, recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize

● 1951 - Richard Chaves, Actor

● 1951 - Robert Wuhl, Actor and Comedian

● 1952 - Sharon Osbourne, English music manager and wife of Ozzy Osbourne

● 1953 - Tony Shalhoub, American actor (''Monk'')

● 1954 - Scott Bakula, American actor (''Star Trek: Enterprise,'' ''Quantum Leap'')

● 1954 - James Fearnley, Rock musician (The Pogues)

● 1954 - John O'Hurley, Actor

● 1957 - Don Garber, American sports commissioner

● 1958 - Michael Pare, American actor

● 1958 - Mike Singletary, American football player and Hall of Fame member

● 1959 - Michael Pare, Actor

● 1960 - Kenny Garrett, American jazz saxophonist

● 1961 - Kurt Neumann. Rock singer-musician (The BoDeans)

● 1962 - Jorge Burruchaga, Argentinian footballer

● 1964 - Bobby Flay, American celebrity chef and restaurateur

● 1964 - Gary Bennett, Country singer

● 1966 - David Cameron, British politician

● 1967 - Eddie Guerrero, Mexican professional wrestler (d. 2005)

● 1969 - P.J. Harvey, English musician

● 1970 - Kenny Anderson, American basketball player

● 1970 - Savannah, American actress (d. 1994)

● 1970 - Annika Sörenstam, Swedish golfer

● 1971 - Simon Atlee, British photographer (d. 2004)

● 1971 - Michael Manna, American professional wrestler

● 1973 - Tommy Shane Steiner, Country singer

● 1973 - Steven Burns, American actor and musician

● 1973 - Fabio Lione, Italian musician (Rhapsody)

● 1973 - Terry Balsamo - American guitarist

● 1975 - Sean Lennon, English musician

● 1975 - Mark Viduka, Australian footballer

● 1978 - Nicky Byrne, Irish musician (Westlife)

● 1978 - Juan Dixon, American basketball player

● 1978 - Randy Spelling, Actor

● 1979 - Gonzalo Sorondo, Uruguayan footballer

● 1979 - Brandon Routh, American Actor ("Superman Returns")

● 1980 - Henrik Zetterberg, Swedish ice hockey player

● 1981 - Zachery Ty Bryan, American actor (''Home Improvement'')

● 1981 - Darius Miles, American basketball player

● 1982 - António Mendonça, Angolan footballer

● 1986 - Laure Manaudou, French swimmer

● 1992 - Tyler James Williams, American actor (''Everybody Hates Chris'')

● 1994 - Jodelle Ferland, Canadian actress

DEATHS

● 1047 - Pope Clement II (b. 1005)

● 1253 - Robert Grosseteste, English statesman and bishop

● 1390 - King John I of Castile (b. 1358)

● 1555 - Justus Jonas, German protestant reformer (b. 1493)

● 1562 - Gabriele Falloppio, Italian anatomist (b. 1523)

● 1569 - Vladimir of Staritsa, Russian prince (b. 1533)

● 1597 - Ashikaga Yoshiaki, Japanese shogun (b. 1537)

● 1691 - William Sacheverell, English statesman (b. 1638)

● 1709 - Barbara Palmer, 1st Duchess of Cleveland, English mistress of Charles II of England (b. 1640)

● 1729 - Richard Blackmore, English physician and writer (b. 1654)

● 1793 - Jean Joseph Marie Amiot, French missionary (b. 1718)

● 1797 - Vilna Gaon, Lithuanian rabbi (b. 1720)

● 1806 - Benjamin Banneker, American astronomer (b. 1731)

● 1831 - John Capodistria, Governor of Greece (b. 1776)

● 1924 - Valery Bryusov, Russian writer and critic (b. 1873)

● 1934 - King Alexander I of Yugoslavia (assassinated) (b. 1888)

● 1934 - Louis Barthou, Prime Minister of France (assassinated) (b. 1862)

● 1940 - Wilfred Grenfell, medical missionary to Newfoundland and Labrador (b. 1865).

● 1941 - Helen Morgan, American singer and actress (b. 1900)

● 1943 - Pieter Zeeman, Dutch physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1865)

● 1950 - George Hainsworth, National Hockey League goaltender (b. 1895)

● 1955 - Theodor Cardinal Innitzer, Austrian Catholic archbishop (b. 1875)

● 1956 - Marie Doro, American actress (b. 1882)

● 1958 - Pope Pius XII, 19 years after he was elevated to the papacy. Recent books have referred to him as Hitler’s PopE. (b. 1876)

● 1962 - Milan Vidmar, Slovenian electrical engineer and chess player (b. 1885)

● 1967 - Che Guevara, Argentine revolutionary and guerilla leader (executed for inciting revolution in Bolivia) (b. 1928)

● 1967 - Cyril Norman Hinshelwood, English chemist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1897)

● 1967 - André Maurois, French author (b. 1885)

● 1968 - Pierre Mulele, Congolese revolutionary

● 1972 - Miriam Hopkins, American actress (b. 1902)

● 1974 - Oskar Schindler, German businessman (b. 1908)

● 1978 - Jacques Brel, Belgian singer and actor (b. 1929)

● 1987 - Guru Gopinath, Indian classical dancer (b. 1908)

● 1987 - Clare Boothe Luce, American diplomat (b. 1903)

● 1987 - William Parry Murphy, American physician, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (b. 1892)

● 1989 - Penny Lernoux, American journalist and author (b. 1940)

● 1995 - Alec Douglas-Home, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (b. 1903)

● 1996 - Walter Kerr, American theater critic (b. 1913)

● 1999 - Milt Jackson, American jazz vibraphonist (b. 1923)

● 2000 - David Dukes, American actor (b. 1945)

● 2000 - Patrick Anthony Porteous, Scottish recipient of the Victoria Cross (b. 1918)

● 2001 - Dagmar, American television personality (b. 1921)

● 2001 - Herbert Ross, American film director and producer (b. 1927)

● 2005 - Louis Nye, American comedian and actor (b. 1913)

HOLIDAYS AND OBSERVANCES

● Roman Catholic Saints
● Saint Denis
● Saint John Leonardi

● Also see October 9 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)

● South Korea - Hangul Day: celebrating the invention of Hangul, the native Korean phonetic alphabet.

● Uganda - Independence Day (from Britain, 1962)

● Leif Erikson Day - in United States, Iceland and Norway: celebrating the first European landing in North America

● Ecuador - Guayaquil's Independence Day (from Spain 1820) (Dia de la independencia de Guayaquil)

● Romania - Romanian Holocaust Remembrance Day

● French Republican Calendar - Sarrasin (Buckwheat) Day, eighteenth day in the Month of Vendémiaire


Click on this LINK to see original Wikipedia list with many having links with details.

Additional facts taken from:

The BBC Take on the day

On this day in the New York Times