October 27......

October 27 is the 300th day of the year (301st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. There are 65 days remaining in the year on this date.

EVENTS

● 625 - Honorius I becomes Pope.

● 939 - Edmund I succeeds Athelstan as King of England.

● 1553 - Condemned as a heretic, Michael Servetus is burned at the stake just outside Geneva.

● 1644 - Second Battle of Newbury in the English Civil War.

● 1682 - Philadelphia, Pennsylvania is founded.

● 1787 - The first of the Federalist Papers, a series of essays calling for ratification of the U.S. Constitution, was published in a New York newspaper.

● 1795 - The United States and Spain sign the Treaty of Madrid, which establishes the boundaries between Spanish colonies and the U.S.

● 1797 - Treaty of Campo Formio is signed between France and Austria.

● 1810 - United States annexes the former Spanish colony of West Florida.

● 1838 - Missouri governor Lilburn Boggs issues the Extermination Order, which orders all Mormons to leave the state.

● 1870 - Marshal François Achille Bazaine surrenders to Prussian forces at Metz along with 140,000 French soldiers in one of the biggest French defeats of the Franco-Prussian War.

● 1880 - Theodore Roosevelt married Alice Lee, on 22nd birthday.

● 1904 - First New York City Subway line opens; the IRT system becomes biggest in United States of America, and one of the biggest in world.

● 1916 - Battle of Segale: Negus Mikael, marching on the Ethiopian capital in support of his son Emperor Iyasus V, is defeated by Fitawrari Habte Giyorgis, securing the throne for Empress Zauditu.

● 1924 - The Uzbek SSR is founded in the Soviet Union.

● 1938 - Du Pont announced a name for its new synthetic yarn: nylon.

● 1946 - First commercially-sponsored television program airs (Geographically Speaking, sponsored by Bristol-Myers).

● 1947 - ''You Bet Your Life,'' starring Groucho Marx, premiered on ABC Radio.

● 1948 - Léopold Sédar Senghor founds the Senegalese Democratic Bloc (BDS).

● 1949 - An airliner flying from Paris to New York crashes near the Azores. Among the victims are violinist Ginette Neveu and boxer Marcel Cerdan.

● 1950 - Hunt for missing atomic scientist; The British intelligence service is searching for the missing atomic scientist Bruno Pontecorvo who disappeared seven weeks ago.

● 1953 - British nuclear test Totem 2 is detonated at Emu Field, South Australia.

● 1954 - Benjamin O. Davis Jr. becomes the first African-American general in the United States Air Force.

● 1958 - Iskander Mirza, the first President of Pakistan, is deposed in a bloodless coup d'état by General Ayub Khan, who was appointed the enforcer of martial law by Mirza 20 days earlier.

● 1961 - NASA launched the first Saturn I rocket in Mission Saturn-Apollo 1.

● 1962 - Major Rudolph Anderson of the US Air Force became the only direct human casualty of the Cuban Missile Crisis when his U-2 reconnaissance airplane was shot down in Cuba by a Soviet-supplied SA-2 Guideline surface-to-air missile.

● 1967 - Expo '67 closed in Montreal.

● 1968 - Police clash with anti-war protesters; An estimated 6,000 marchers demonstrating against the Vietnam War face up to police outside the US Embassy in London.

● 1971 - Democratic Republic of the Congo is renamed Zaire.

● 1973 - The Canyon City meteorite, a 1.4 kg chondrite type meteorite strikes in Fremont County, Colorado.

● 1977 - Liberal MP denies murder plot; Jeremy Thorpe tells journalists he was not involved in a plot to kill former male model Norman Scott.

● 1978 - Egyptian President Anwar Sadat and Israeli Prime Minister Menachem Begin were named winners of the Nobel Peace Prize.

● 1978 - Gunman runs amok in West Midlands; Four people are killed and four others seriously wounded after a gunman goes on a shooting spree in the Midlands.

● 1981 - The Soviet submarine U 137 runs aground on the east coast of Sweden.

● 1982 - RUC officers killed by IRA bomb; Three RUC officers investigating reports of a robbery in Lurgan die after a bomb explodes beneath their armoured police car.

● 1990 - Supreme Soviet of Kirghiz SSR chooses Askar Akayev as republic's first president.

● 1991 - Turkmenistan achieved independence from the Soviet Union.

● 1995 - Latvia applies for membership in the European Union.

● 1997 - Stock markets around the world crash because of fears of a global economic meltdown. The Dow Jones Industrial Average plummets 554.26 points to 7,161.15. For the first time, the New York Stock Exchange activated their "circuit breakers" twice during the day eventually making the controversial move of closing the Exchange early, for the first time since the 1981 assassination attempt on President Ronald Reagan.

● 1998 - Gerhard Schröder becomes Chancellor of Germany for the first time.

● 2002 - Anaheim Angels win the baseball World Series

● 2002 - Emmitt Smith broke the NFL career rushing yardage record held by Walter Payton.

● 2002 - Luiz Inacio Lula da Silva was elected president of Brazil in a runoff, becoming the country's first elected leftist leader.

● 2002 - Trades unionist Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva is elected as President of Brazil.

● 2002 - LWT (London Weekend Television) is broadcast for the last time. It is replaced by ITV1 (London Weekends). All other ITV Regions (except UTV, Channel, Scottish TV & Grampian TV) broadcast regionally for the last time before joining a single networked ITV1.

● 2004 - Curse of the Bambino: The Boston Red Sox defeat the St. Louis Cardinals in Game 4 of the World Series, winning their first championship since 1918.

● 2005 - Riots begin in Paris after the deaths of two Muslim teenagers

BIRTHS

● 1156 - Count Raymond VI of Toulouse (d. 1222)

● 1401 - Catherine of Valois, queen of Henry V of England (d. 1437)

● 1466 - Desiderius Erasmus, Dutch humanist and theologian (d. 1536)

● 1728 - James Cook, British naval captain and explorer (d. 1779)

● 1744 - Mary Moser, English painter (d. 1819)

● 1760 - August von Gneisenau, Prussian field marshal (d. 1831)

● 1782 - Niccolò Paganini, Italian violinist and composer (d. 1840)

● 1811 - Isaac Merrit Singer, American inventor; developed Singer sewing machine (d. 1875)

● 1811 - Stevens Thomson Mason, first Governor of Michigan (d. 1843)

● 1827 - Marcellin Berthelot, French chemist (d. 1907)

● 1842 - Giovanni Giolitti, Italian statesman (d. 1928)

● 1844 - Klas Pontus Arnoldson, Swedish writer and pacifist, recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize (d. 1916)

● 1858 - Theodore Roosevelt in New York City, 26th President of the United States, recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize (d. 1919)

● 1873 - Emily Post, etiquette author (d. 1960)

● 1877 - George Thompson, English cricketer (d. 1943)

● 1894 - Oliver Leese, British general (d. 1978)

● 1906 - Earle Cabell, American politician (d. 1975)

● 1906 - Alfred Whitney Griswold, American educator; president of Yale University (1950-63) (d. 1963)

● 1910 - Jack Carson, Canadian actor (d. 1963)

● 1914 - Dylan Thomas, Welsh poet (d. 1953)

● 1917 - Oliver Tambo, South African freedom fighter (d. 1993)

● 1918 - Teresa Wright, American actress (d. 2005)

● 1920 - Nanette Fabray, American actress

● 1920 - K. R. Narayanan, 10th President of India

● 1921 - Warren Allen Smith, encyclopedist (Philosopedia.org)

● 1922 - Ralph Kiner, Baseball hall-of-famer

● 1922 - Poul Bundgaard, Danish actor and singer (d. 1998)

● 1923 - Roy Lichtenstein, American artist (d. 1997)

● 1924 - Ruby Dee, American actress

● 1925 - Warren M. Christopher, Former secretary of state

● 1925 - Albert Medwin, American inventor

● 1926 - H. R. Halderman, American businessman and White House chief of staff (1969-73); convicted of Watergate crimes (d. 1993)

● 1931 - Nawal el-Saadawi, Egyptian writer

● 1932 - Sylvia Plath, American poet known for an intense, confessional quality of writing (d. 1963)

● 1939 - John Cleese, British actor and writer

● 1940 - John Gotti, American gangster (d. 2002)

● 1942 - Lee Greenwood, Country singer

● 1945 - Luis Inácio Lula da Silva, President of Brazil

● 1946 - Carrie Snodgress, American actress (d. 2004)

● 1946 - Ivan Reitman, Director-producer

● 1949 - Jack Daniels, Country musician

● 1949 - Garry Tallent, Rock musician (The E Street Band)

● 1950 - Fran Lebowitz, American writer

● 1951 - Carlos Frenk, Mexican/British cosmologist

● 1951 - K.K. Downing, Rock musician (Judas Priest)

● 1952 - Hameed Haroon, Pakistani publisher

● 1952 - Roberto Benigni, Italian director and actor (''Life is Beautiful'')

● 1953 - Peter Firth, British actor

● 1953 - Robert Picardo, Actor

● 1957 - Jeff East, American actor

● 1957 - Glenn Hoddle, English footballer

● 1958 - Simon Le Bon, English singer (Duran Duran)

● 1960 - Tom Nieto, baseball player

● 1963 - Marla Maples, American actress and model

● 1964 - J.D. McFadden, Rock musician (Sixpence None the Richer)

● 1967 - Jason Finn, Rock musician (Presidents of the United States of America)

● 1967 - Scott Weiland, American singer (Stone Temple Pilots and Velvet Revolver)

● 1968 - Sean Holland, Actor

● 1970 - Adrian Erlandsson, Swedish drummer (Cradle of Filth)

● 1972 - Evan Coyne Maloney, American filmmaker

● 1972 - Brad Radke, baseball player

● 1972 - Marika Krook, Finnish singer (Edea)

● 1972 - Maria Mutola, Mozambican athlete

● 1977 - Sheeri Rappaport, Actress

● 1977 - Jiří Jarosík, Czech footballer

● 1973 - Jason Johnson - baseball pitcher (Cincinnati Reds)

● 1978 - Vanessa-Mae, Singapore musician

● 1980 - Tanel Padar, Estonian singer

● 1980 - Jeku, Canadian musician

● 1980 - Cassia Riley, American model

● 1982 - Patrick Fugit, American actor

● 1984 - Kelly Osbourne, English Rock singer-TV personality (''The Osbournes'')

DEATHS

● 939 - King Athelstan I of England

● 1271 - Hugh IV, Duke of Burgundy, French crusader (b. 1213)

● 1312 - John II, Duke of Brabant (b. 1275)

● 1327 - Elizabeth de Burgh, queen of Robert I of Scotland

● 1331 - Abu al-Fida, Arab historian and geographer (b. 1273)

● 1430 - Vytautas the Great, Grand Prince of Lithuania

● 1439 - Albert II of Germany, Holy Roman Emperor (b. 1397)

● 1449 - Ulugh Beg, Timurid ruler and astronomer (b. 1394)

● 1505 - Ivan III of Russia (b. 1440)

● 1553 - Michael Servetus, Spanish theologian and doctor (burned at the stake) (b. 1511)

● 1561 - Lope de Aguirre, Spanish conquistador

● 1573 - Laurentius Petri, first Lutheran Archbishop of Sweden (b. 1499)

● 1605 - Akbar, Jellaladin Mahommed, Mughal Emperor (born 1542)

● 1617 - Ralph Winwood, English politician

● 1670 - Vavasor Powell, Welsh non-conformist leader (b. 1617)

● 1674 - Hallgrímur Pétursson, Icelandic poet (b. 1614)

● 1675 - Gilles de Roberval, French mathematician (b. 1602)

● 1789 - John Cook, American farmer and Governor of Delaware (b. 1730)

● 1917 - Arthur Rhys Davids, English pilot (b. 1897)

● 1949 - Marcel Cerdan, French boxer (b. 1916)

● 1949 - Ginette Neveu, French violinist (b. 1919)

● 1953 - Thomas Wass, English cricketer (b. 1873)

● 1962 - Enrico Mattei, Italian politician (b. 1906)

● 1968 - Lise Meitner, German physicist (b. 1878)

● 1975 - Rex Stout, American novelist (b. 1886)

● 1977 - James M. Cain, American novelist (b. 1892)

● 1980 - Steve Peregrin Took, English singer and songwriter (b. 1949)

● 1980 - John Hasbrouck van Vleck, American physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1899)

● 1990 - Xavier Cugat, Spanish-born musician (b. 1900)

● 1990 - Elliott Roosevelt, American war hero, author, and advertising executive (b. 1910)

● 1992 - David Bohm, American-born physicist, philosopher, and neuropsychologist (b. 1917)

● 1996 - Morey Amsterdam, American actor (b. 1908)

● 1999 - Robert Mills, American physicist (b. 1927)

● 1999 - Charlotte Perriand, French architect and designer (b. 1903)

● 2000 - Walter Berry, Austrian bass-baritone (b. 1929)

● 2003 - Rod Roddy, American television announcer (b. 1937)

● 2004 - Serginho, Brazilian footballer (b. 1974)

HOLIDAYS AND OBSERVANCES

● Roman Catholic Saints:
● St. Abraham the Poor
● St. Abban of Murnevin
● St. Capitolina
● St. Desiderius
● St. Elesbaan
● St. Florentius
● St. Frumentius, the saint who introduced Christianity into Ethiopia.
● St. Gaudiosus
● St. Namatius
● St. Odhran
● St. Vincent, Sabina, & Christeta

● Turkmenistan - Independence Day (from USSR, 1991)

● Saint Vincent and the Grenadines - Independence Day (from Britain, 1979)


Click on this LINK to see original Wikipedia list with many having links with details.

Additional facts taken from:

On this day in the New York Times

The BBC’s Take on the day

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