October 25......

October 25 is the 298th day of the year (299th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. There are 67 days remaining in the year on this date.

EVENTS

● 1147 - The Portuguese, under Afonso I, and Crusaders from England and Flanders conquer Lisbon.

● 1315 - Adam Banastre, Henry de Lea and William Bradshaw, led an attack on Liverpool Castle.

● 1415 - The army of Henry V of England defeats the French at the Battle of Agincourt.

● 1616 - Dutch sea-captain Dirk Hartog makes second recorded landfall by a European on Australian soil, at the later-named Dirk Hartog Island off the Western Australian coast.

● 1747 - British fleet under Admiral Sir Edward Hawke defeats French at the second battle of Cape Finisterre.

● 1760 - George III becomes King of Great Britain

● 1812 - War of 1812: The U.S. frigate United States captured the British vessel Macedonian.

● 1813 - War of 1812: Canadians and Mohawks defeat the Americans in the Battle of Chateauguay.

● 1828 - The St Katharine Docks opened in London.

● 1854 - The ''Charge of the Light Brigade'' took place during the Crimean War as an English brigade of more than 600 men, facing hopeless odds, charged the Russian army in the Battle of Balaclava and suffered heavy losses.

● 1861 - The Toronto Stock Exchange was created.

● 1900 - The United Kingdom annexes the Transvaal.

● 1917 - The Bolshevik Revolution commences (according to the Julian calendar, which Russia used at the time of the Revolution. On the Gregorian calendar, the date was November 7).

● 1918 - The Canadian steamship Princess Sophia foundered off the coast of Alaska; nearly 400 people died.

● 1922 - The Dail of the Irish Free State approves the constitution of the new state, formally bringing it into being.

● 1923 - The United States Senate begins investigating the Teapot Dome scandal

● 1924 - The forged Zinoviev Letter is published in the Daily Mail, wrecking the British Labour Party's hopes of re-election.

● 1935 - Hurricane floods Haiti, killing over 2,000 people.

● 1936 - Adolf Hitler and Benito Mussolini create the Rome-Berlin Axis.

● 1938 - The Archbishop of Dubuque, Francis J. L. Beckman, denounces Swing music as "a degenerated musical system... turned loose to gnaw away at the moral fiber of young people", warning that it leads down a "primrose path to hell".

● 1944 - Heinrich Himmler orders a crackdown on the Edelweiss Pirates, a loosely organized youth culture in Nazi Germany that had assisted army deserters and others to hide from the Third Reich

● 1944 - The USS Tang (SS-306) under Richard O'Kane (the top submarine captain of World War II) is sunk by her own torpedo.

● 1944 - The Romanian Army liberates Carei, the last Romanian city under Axis Powers' occupation.

● 1945 - The Republic of China takes over administration of Taiwan following Japan's surrender to the Allies.

● 1951 - Peace talks aimed at ending the Korean War resumed in Panmunjom.

● 1962 - Cuban missile crisis: Adlai Stevenson shows photos at the UN proving Soviet missiles are installed in Cuba

● 1962 - Author John Steinbeck was awarded the Nobel Prize in literature.

● 1962 - President Kaunda takes power in Zambia; Zambia is the ninth African state to gain independence from the British crown.

● 1971 - The United Nations seated the People's Republic of China (Mainland China) and expelled the Republic of China (Taiwan)

● 1972 - The Washington Post reports that White House Chief of Staff H.R. Haldeman was the fifth person to control a secret cash fund designed to finance illegal political sabotage and espionage during the 1972 presidential election campaign

● 1976 - Queen opens National Theatre in London; The Queen has officially opened the National Theatre on the South Bank in London after years of delays.

● 1980 - Proceedings on the Hague Convention on the Civil Aspects of International Child Abduction conclude at The Hague

● 1983 - Operation Urgent Fury: The United States and its Caribbean allies invade Grenada, six days after Prime Minister Maurice Bishop and several of his supporters were executed in a coup d'état. President Ronald Reagan said the action was needed to protect U.S. citizens there.

● 1984 - Europe grants emergency aid for Ethiopia; The EEC is donating £1.8 million to help combat the famine in Ethiopia.

● 1986 - The New York Mets defeat the Boston Red Sox due to Bill Buckner's famous error where a routine ground ball went through his legs in Game 6 of the World Series and go on to win the championship two days later.

● 1991 - History of Slovenia: Three months after the end of the Ten-Day War, the last soldier of the Yugoslav People's Army leaves the territory of the Republic of Slovenia.

● 1992 - Latvia establishes its first post-Soviet constitution.

● 1993 - Jean Chrétien becomes prime minister of Canada with a massive majority for his Liberal Party in a general election in which the governing Progressive Conservatives, led by Kim Campbell, lost 149 of 151 seats in the parliament.

● 1994 - Susan Smith of Union, SC, claimed that a black carjacker had driven off with her two sons. She later confessed to drowning the children and was convicted of murder.

● 1995 - A commuter train slams into a school bus in Fox River Grove, Illinois, killing seven students.

● 1997 - After a brief civil war which has driven President Pascal Lissouba out of Brazzaville, Denis Sassou-Nguesso proclaims himself the President of the Republic of the Congo.

● 1999 - Republican presidential candidate Pat Buchanan bolted the GOP to mount a bid for the Reform Party nomination.

● 1999 - Golfer Payne Stewart and five others were killed when their Learjet flew uncontrolled for four hours before crashing in South Dakota.

● 2001 - Windows XP is officially released.

● 2001 - Crime rates lowest for 20 years; British Crime Survey reveals the chances of being a victim of crime are lowest for 20 years.

● 2002 - Sen. Paul Wellstone, D-Minn., 58, was killed in a plane crash in northern Minnesota along with his wife, daughter and five others.

● 2003 - The Cedar Fire is reported at 5:37 pm. It becomes the largest wildfire in California history.

● 2003 - Florida State's Bobby Bowden became the winningest coach in major college football history with his 339th victory as the Seminoles beat Wake Forest 48-24.

● 2003 - Australia defeat Namibia in the 2003 Rugby World Cup by a record 142 points to zero.

● 2004 - The Supreme Court announced that Chief Justice William H. Rehnquist had thyroid cancer.

● 2004 - Fidel Castro, Cuba's President, announces that transactions using the American Dollar will be banned by November 8th.

BIRTHS

● 1102 - William Clito, Count of Flanders (d. 1128)

● 1330 - Louis II of Flanders (d. 1384)

● 1683 - Charles FitzRoy, 2nd Duke of Grafton, British politician (d. 1757)

● 1692 - Elizabeth Farnese, queen of Philip V of Spain (d. 1766)

● 1759 - Maria Fyodorovna of Russia, second wife of Tsar Paul I of Russia (d. 1828)

● 1767 - Benjamin Constant, Swiss writer (d. 1830)

● 1772 - Geraud Duroc, French general (d. 1813)

● 1789 - Samuel Heinrich Schwabe, German astronomer (d. 1875)

● 1806 - Max Stirner, German philosopher (d. 1856)

● 1811 - Évariste Galois, French mathematician (d. 1832)

● 1825 - Johann Strauss II, Austrian composer (d. 1899)

● 1838 - Georges Bizet, French composer (d. 1875)

● 1856 - Dragutin Gorjanovic-Kramberger, Croatian paleontologist (d. 1936)

● 1864 - Alexander Gretchaninov, Russian composer (d. 1956)

● 1867 - Józef Dowbór-Muśnicki, Polish general (d.1937)

● 1869 - John Heisman, American football coach (d. 1936)

● 1877 - Henry Norris Russell, American astronomer (d. 1957)

● 1881 - Pablo Picasso, Spanish-born painter and sculptor considered the most influential artist of the 20th century (d. 1973)

● 1888 - Richard Evelyn Byrd, American explorer (d. 1957)

● 1889 - Abel Gance, French screenwriter (d. 1981)

● 1890 - Floyd Bennett, American aviator (d. 1928)

● 1891 - Charles Coughlin, American Roman Catholic priest and radio commentator (d. 1979)

● 1892 - Leo G. Carroll, English actor (d. 1972)

● 1895 - Levi Eshkol, Prime Minister of Israel (d. 1969)

● 1902 - Eddie Lang, American jazz guitarist (d. 1933)

● 1902 - Henry Steele Commager, American writer and educator (d. 1998)

● 1903 - Katharine Byron, U.S. Congresswoman (d. 1976)

● 1908 - Edmond Pidoux, Swiss writer (d. 2004)

● 1910 - William Higinbotham, American physicist (d. 1994)

● 1912 - Minnie Pearl, American comedienne and singer (d. 1996)

● 1912 - Jack Kent Cooke, American businessman and sports team owner (d. 1997)

● 1913 - Klaus Barbie, Nazi war criminal (d. 1991)

● 1914 - John Berryman, American poet (d. 1972)

● 1915 - Ivan M. Niven, Canadian mathematician (d. 1999)

● 1917 - Lee MacPhail, Hall of fame baseball executive

● 1921 - King Michael I of Romania

● 1923 - Bobby Thomson, Baseball player

● 1924 - Billy Barty, American actor (d. 2000)

● 1926 - Galina Vishnevskaya, Russian soprano

● 1927 - Barbara Cook, American singer and actress

● 1928 - Jeanne Cooper, Actress (''The Young and the Restless'')

● 1928 - Tony Franciosa, Actor

● 1928 - Marion Ross, American actress

● 1931 - Jimmy McIlroy, Irish footballer and football manager

● 1932 - Harry Gregg, Irish footballer and football manager

● 1935 - Russell Schweickart, astronaut

● 1937 - Jeanne Black, Country singer

● 1940 - Bobby Knight, American basketball coach and general all around bully

● 1941 - Anne Tyler, American novelist

● 1942 - Helen Reddy, Australian singer

● 1944 - Taffy Danoff, Singer (Starland Vocal Band)

● 1944 - Jon Anderson, English singer (Yes)

● 1944 - James Carville, American political operative

● 1948 - Dan Gable, American wrestler and coach

● 1948 - Glenn Tipton, English guitarist (Judas Priest

● 1948 - Dan Issel, American basketball player

● 1948 - Dave Cowens, basketball player and coach

● 1949 - Brian Kerwin, Actor

● 1954 - Mike Eruzione, American hockey player

● 1955 - Robin Eubanks, American jazz trombonist

● 1956 - Matthias Jabs, Rock musician (The Scorpions)

● 1957 - Nancy Cartwright, American voice actress (''The Simpsons'')

● 1958 - Mark Miller, Country singer (Sawyer Brown)

● 1961 - Grover Waldrop, American biochemist

● 1962 - Chad Smith, American drummer (Red Hot Chili Peppers)

● 1962 - Darlene Vogel, American actress

● 1963 - Tracy Nelson, Actress (''Father Dowling Mysteries'')

● 1964 - Nicole, German singer

● 1964 - Michael Boatman, Actor (''Spin City'')

● 1966 - Perry Satullo, American professional wrestler

● 1968 - Paul Kotheimer, American musician

● 1968 - Speech, Singer

● 1970 - J.A. Adande, American sports columnist

● 1970 - Adam Pascal, American actor

● 1970 - Adam Goldberg, Actor

● 1970 - Ed Robertson, Canadian musician (Barenaked Ladies)

● 1970 - Chely Wright, Country singer

● 1971 - Pedro Martínez, Dominican Major League Baseball player

● 1971 - Midori, Japanese violinist

● 1971 - Simon Charlton, English footballer

● 1971 - Athena Chu, Hong Kong actress and singer

● 1976 - Steve Jones, Irish footballer

● 1976 - Joshua P. Warren, American author

● 1977 - Birgit Prinz, German footballer

● 1978 - Russell Anderson, Scottish footballer

● 1978 - Markus Pöyhönen, Finnish athlete

● 1979 - Sarah Thompson, American actress

● 1979 - Tony Torcato, baseball player

● 1980 - Ben Gould, Actor

● 1980 - Mehcad Brooks, Actor (''Desperate Housewives'')

● 1981 - Shaun Wright-Phillips, English footballer

● 1981 - Young Rome, R&B singer

● 1982 - Eman Lam, Hong Kong singer

● 1983 - Kelson Herr, American music writer/retailer

● 1984 - Sara Lumholdt, Swedish musician (A-Teens)

● 1985 - Ciara Harris, American singer

● 1986 - Eddie Gaven, American footballer

● 1990 - Austin Peralta, American jazz pianist

● 1995 - Conchita Campbell, Canadian actress

DEATHS

● 304 - Pope Marcellinus (martyred)

● 625 - Pope Boniface V

● 1047 - King Magnus I of Norway (b. 1024)

● 1154 - King Stephen of England (b. 1096)

● 1230 - Gilbert de Clare, 5th Earl of Hertford, English soldier (b. 1180)

● 1400 - Geoffrey Chaucer, English poet

● 1415 - Killed in the Battle of Agincourt:
● - Charles d'Albret, Count of Dreux and Constable of France
● - John I of Alençon (b. 1385)
● - Antoine, Duke of Brabant (b. 1384)
● - Philip of Burgundy, Count of Nevers and Rethel (b. 1389)
● - Frederick of Lorraine (born 1371)
● - Philip II, Count of Nevers (b. 1389)
● - Michael de la Pole, 3rd Earl of Suffolk (born 1394)
● - Edward of Norwich, 2nd Duke of York (born 1373)

● 1492 - Thaddeus McCarthy, Irish Catholic bishop

● 1495 - King John II of Portugal (b. 1455)

● 1514 - William Elphinstone, Scottish bishop and statesman (b. 1431)

● 1555 - Olympia Fulvia Morata, Italian classical scholar (b. 1526)

● 1557 - William Cavendish, English politician (b. 1505)

● 1633 - Jean Titelouze, French organist

● 1647 - Evangelista Torricelli, Italian physicist and mathematician (b. 1608)

● 1683 - William Scroggs, Lord Chief Justice of England

● 1733 - Giovanni Gerolamo Saccheri, Italian mathematician (b. 1667)

● 1757 - Antoine Augustine Calmet, French theologian (b. 1672)

● 1760 - George II of Great Britain (b. 1683)

● 1833 - Abbas Mirza, prince of Persia (b. 1789)

● 1889 - Émile Augier, French dramatist (b. 1820)

● 1895 - Charles Hallé, German pianist and conductor (b. 1819)

● 1910 - Willie Anderson, Scottish-born golfer (b. 1878)

● 1920 - King Alexander I of Greece (bitten by a pet monkey) (b. 1893)

● 1921 - Bat Masterson, American journalist and lawman

● 1938 - Alfonsina Storni, Argentine poet (b. 1892)

● 1953 - Holger Pedersen, Danish linguist (b. 1867)

● 1957 - Albert Anastasia, Italian-born gangster (b. 1902)

● 1957 - Lord Dunsany, Irish writer (b. 1878)

● 1963 - Roger Désormière, French conductor (b. 1898)

● 1965 - Eduard Einstein, Second son of Albert Einstein who suffered from schizophrenia (b. 1910)

● 1973 - Cleo Moore, American film star (b. 1928)

● 1973 - Abebe Bikila, Ethiopian athlete (b. 1932)

● 1980 - Virgil Fox, American organist (b. 1912)

● 1985 - Gary Holton, English actor, famous for his role in Auf Wiedersehen Pet (b. 1952)

● 1986 - Forrest Tucker, America actor (b. 1919)

● 1991 - Bill Graham, German-born concert promoter (b. 1931)

● 1992 - Roger Miller, American musician and composer (b. 1936)

● 1993 - Danny Chan, Hong Kong singer, actor, and songwriter (b. 1958)

● 1993 - Vincent Price, American actor (b. 1911)

● 1994 - Kara Spears Hultgreen American naval aviator USS Abraham Lincoln (b. 1965)

● 1995 - Bobby Riggs, American tennis player (b. 1918)

● 1999 - Payne Stewart, American golfer (b. 1957)

● 2002 - Richard Harris, Irish actor (b. 1930)

● 2002 - Paul Wellstone, U.S. Senator from Minnesota (b. 1944)

● 2002 - René Thom, French mathematician (b. 1923)

● 2003 - Veikko Hakulinen, Finnish cross-country skier (b. 1925)

● 2004 - John Peel, British disc jockey (b. 1939)

● 2005 - Wellington Mara, American football team owner (b. 1916)

HOLIDAYS AND OBSERVANCES

● Roman Catholic Saints
● Feast day of Saints Crispin and Crispian
● Six Welsh martyrs and companions
● Forty martyrs of England and Wales

● Grenada - Thanksgiving Day (commemorates Invasion of Grenada)

● Kazakhstan - Republic Day

● Republic of China - Taiwan Retrocession Day (1945)

● Virgin Islands - Thanksgiving Day : end of the hurricane season

● Day of the Romanian Army


Click on this LINK to see original Wikipedia list with many having links with details.

Additional facts taken from:

On this day in the New York Times

The BBC’s Take on the day

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