October 2......

October 2 is the 275th day (276th in leap years) of the year in the Gregorian Calendar, with 90 days remaining.

EVENTS

● 1187 - Siege of Jerusalem: Saladin captures Jerusalem after 88 years of Crusader rule.

● 1263 - The battle of Largs fought between Norwegians and Scots.

● 1535 - Jacques Cartier discovers Montreal, Quebec.

● 1552 - Conquest of Kazan by Ivan the Terrible.

● 1789 - George Washington transmits the proposed Constitutional amendments (the so-called "Bill of Rights") to the States for ratification.

● 1835 - The Texas Revolution begins with the Battle of Gonzales near the Guadalupe River: Mexican soldiers attempt to disarm the people of Gonzales, Texas, but encounter stiff resistance from a hastily assembled militia.

● 1864 - American Civil War: Battle of Saltville - Union forces attack Saltville, Virginia, but are defeated by Confederate troops.

● 1889 - In Colorado, Nicholas Creede strikes it rich in silver during the last great silver boom of the American Old West.

● 1889 - In Washington, D.C., the first international Conference of American States begins.

● 1919 - US President Woodrow Wilson suffers a massive stroke, leaving him partially paralyzed.

● 1924 - The Geneva Protocol is adopted as a means to strengthen the League of Nations.

● 1928 - The "Prelature of the Holy Cross and the Work of God", commonly known as Opus Dei, was founded by Saint Josemaría Escrivá.

● 1935 - Italy invades Abyssinia (Ethiopia).

● 1937 - Samuel R. Caldwell becomes the first person is the United States to be arrested on a marijuana charge.

● 1941 - World War II: In Operation Typhoon, Germany begins an all-out offensive against Moscow.

● 1944 - World War II: Nazi troops crushed the two-month-old Warsaw Uprising, during which 250,000 people were killed.

● 1950 - The comic strip Peanuts by Charles M. Schulz is first published in seven US newspapers.

● 1958 - The former French colony of Guinea in West Africa proclaimed its independence.

● 1967 - Thurgood Marshall is sworn in as the first African-American justice of United States Supreme Court.

● 1968 - Birth of sextuplets stuns Britain; A woman gives birth to six babies in what is being hailed as the first recorded case of live sextuplets in Britain. A natural rarity and occurrence since there were no fertility drugs involved, as is often the case today.

● 1968 - A peaceful student demonstration in Mexico City ends in the Tlatelolco massacre, where more than 25 people die during a gun battle just 10 days before the Olympics Games are due to begin.

● 1970 - A plane carrying the Wichita State University football team, administrators, and supporters crashes in Colorado killing 31 people.

● 1974 - Cannabis 'causes brain damage'; Experiments on monkeys in America reveal how smoking cannabis can cause brain damage. Most likely government propaganda rather than legitimate research.

● 1980 - Rep. Michael ''Ozzie'' Myers, D-PA, convicted of accepting a bribe in the FBI's ABSCAM sting operation, was expelled from the House.

● 1983 - 'Dream ticket' wins Labour leadership in Britain; Neil Kinnock becomes the new leader of the Labour party, with Roy Hattersley joining him as deputy.

● 1989 - Anglican anger over united church; Anglican rebels disrupt a church service in Rome attended by the Archbishop of Canterbury in protest at plans for closer ties with the Catholic church.

● 1990 - The Senate voted 90-9 to confirm the nomination of Judge David H. Souter to the Supreme Court.

● 1990 - A Chinese airline Boeing 737-247 is hijacked; after landing at Guangzhou, it crashes into two airliners on the ground, killing 132.

● 1992 - The Carandiru Massacre takes place after a riot in the Carandiru prison system in São Paulo, Brazil.

● 1993 - Hardline Communists riot in Moscow; Demonstrators who back rebel ministers occupying Moscow's parliament in defiance of President Boris Yeltsin clash with police.

● 1996 - Mark Fuhrman was given three years' probation and fined $200 after pleading no contest to perjury for denying at O.J. Simpson's criminal trial that he had used a racial slur.

● 1996 - The Electronic Freedom of Information Act Amendments are signed by U.S. President Bill Clinton.

● 1996 - An AeroPerú Boeing 757 crashes in Pacific Ocean shortly after takeoff from Lima, Peru, killing 70.

● 2002 - A man was shot and killed in a grocery store parking lot in Wheaton, Md., the first victim in a series of sniper attacks in the Washington, D.C. area, that left 10 dead.

● 2004 - American Samoa joins the North American Numbering Plan.

● 2005 - Ethan Allen Boating Accident: The Ethan Allen tour boat capsizes on Lake George in Upstate New York, killing twenty people.

BIRTHS

● 1452 - King Richard III of England (d. 1485)

● 1538 - Saint Charles Borromeo, Italian Roman Catholic cardinal (d. 1584)

● 1644 - François-Timoléon de Choisy, French writer (d. 1724)

● 1722 - Leopold Widhalm, Austrian luthier (d. 1776)

● 1737 - Francis Hopkinson, American author and signer of the Declaration of Independence (d. 1791)

● 1768 - William Carr Beresford, 1st Viscount Beresford, British general and politician (d. 1854)

● 1798 - King Charles Albert of Sardinia (d. 1849)

● 1800 - Nat Turner, American slave hanged for leading violent slave uprising (d. 1831)

● 1828 - Charles Floquet, French statesman (d. 1896)

● 1832 - Edward Burnett Tylor, English anthropologist (d. 1917)

● 1847 - Paul von Hindenburg, German military officer and politician (d. 1934)

● 1851 - Ferdinand Foch, French army general (d. 1929)

● 1852 - Sir William Ramsay, Scottish chemist (d. 1916)

● 1869 - Mahatma Gandhi in Porbandar, India, Indian political leader, spiritual and political leader of Indian independence movement, whose philosophy of nonviolence influenced movements around the world (d. 1948)

● 1871 - Cordell Hull, United States Secretary of State, American diplomat, recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize (d. 1955)

● 1873 - Plum Warner, English cricketer (d. 1963)

● 1879 - Wallace Stevens, American poet (d. 1955)

● 1882 - Boris Shaposhnikov, Russian military commander (d. 1945)

● 1890 - Groucho Marx, American comedian and actor (d. 1977)

● 1895(96? NYT) - Bud Abbott, American comedian and actor (d. 1974)

● 1901 - Alice Prin, French singer and artist (d. 1953)

● 1901 - Charles Stark Draper, American engineer (d. 1987)

● 1904 - Graham Greene, British novelist (d. 1991)

● 1904 - Lal Bahadur Shastri, Prime Minister of India (d.1966)

● 1907 - Alexander R. Todd, Baron Todd, Scottish chemist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1997)

● 1911 - Jack Finney, American author (d. 1995)

● 1913 - Karl Miller, German footballer (d. 1967)

● 1914 - Jack Parsons, American rocket scientist (d. 1952)

● 1917 - Christian de Duve, English-born biologist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine

● 1917 - Charles Drake, American actor (d. 1994)

● 1921 - Albert Scott Crossfield, American test pilot (d. 2006)

● 1921 - Robert Runcie, Archbishop of Canterbury (d. 2000)

● 1926 - Jan Morris, English writer

● 1927 - Leon Rausch, Country musician (Bob Wills and the Texas Playboys)

● 1928 - George "Spanky" McFarland, American actor (d. 1993)

● 1929 - Moses Gunn, African-American actor (d. 1993)

● 1930 - Dave Barrett, Premier of British Columbia

● 1932 - Maury Wills, American baseball player

● 1934 - Earl Wilson, American baseball player (d. 2005)

● 1935 - Omar Sivori, Argentine football player (d. 2005)

● 1937 - Johnnie L. Cochran Jr., American attorney (d. 2005)

● 1938 - Rex Reed, American movie critic and actor

● 1938 - Waheed Murad, Pakistani film actor and director (d. 1983)

● 1943 - Franklin Rosemont, American artist

● 1945 - Don McLean, American songwriter, wrote classic song “American Pie”

● 1946 - Jo-el Sonnier, Cajun-country singer

● 1948 - Avery Brooks, American actor (“Deep Space Nine”)

● 1948 - Donna Karan, American fashion designer

● 1948 - Chris LeDoux, American musician and rodeo performer (d. 2005)

● 1949 - Richard Hell, American musician

● 1949 - Annie Leibovitz, American celebrity photographer

● 1950 - Persis Khambatta, Indian actress (d. 1998)

● 1950 - Michael Rutherford, British musician (Genesis, Mike + the Mechanics)

● 1951 - Sting, British musician and actor

● 1951 - Romina Power, Italian singer

● 1954 - Greg Jennings, Country musician (Restless Heart)

● 1955(NYT 54?) - Lorraine Bracco, American actress (''The Sopranos'')

● 1955 - Phil Oakey, British singer (The Human League)

● 1958 - Freddie Jackson, R&B singer

● 1958 - Robbie Nevil, Singer-producer

● 1960 - Glenn Anderson, Canadian ice hockey player

● 1964 - Dirk Brinkmann, German field hockey player

● 1966 - Rodney "Yokozuna" Anoai, Samoan wrestler (d. 2000)

● 1967 - Frankie Fredericks, Namibian athlete

● 1967 - Bud Gaugh, American musician (Sublime)

● 1967 - Gillian Welch, American folk-country singer and songwriter

● 1968 - Jana Novotná, Czech tennis player

● 1968 - Glen Wesley, Canadian ice hockey player

● 1968 - Kelly Willis, Country singer

● 1969 - Mitch English, American actor

● 1969 - Damon Gough,English singer

● 1970 - Dion Allen, R&B singer (Az Yet)

● 1970 - Kelly Ripa, American actress and talk show host (''Live with Regis and Kelly'')

● 1971 - James Root, American guitarist (Slipknot)

● 1971 - Tiffany, American singer, work made famous with “Mall Concerts”

● 1973 - DeShaun Holton American musician (ex-D12) (d. 2006)

● 1973 - Lene Nystrom, Norweigan singer (ex-Aqua)

● 1973 - Efren Ramirez, American actor

● 1973 - LaTocha Scott, R&B singer (Xscape)

● 1974 - Paul Teutul Jr., Co-Star of American Chopper

● 1974 - Sam Roberts, Canadian singer and songwriter

● 1974 - Simon Gregson, British actor (Coronation Street)

● 1978 - Ayumi Hamasaki, Japanese singer

● 1981 - Luke Wilkshire, Australian footballer

● 1982 - George Pettit, Canadian singer (Alexisonfire)

● 1987 - Phil Kessel, American ice hockey player Boston Bruins

DEATHS

● 939 - Gilbert, Duke of Lorraine

● 1264 - Pope Urban IV

● 1559 - Jacquet of Mantua, French composer (b. 1483)

● 1626 - Diego Sarmiento de Acuña, conde de Gondomar, Spanish diplomat (b. 1567)

● 1629 - Pierre de Bérulle, French cardinal and statesman (b. 1575)

● 1629 - Antonio Cifra, Italian composer (b. 1584)

● 1708 - Anne-Jules, 2nd duc de Noailles, French general (b. 1650)

● 1724 - François-Timoléon de Choisy, French writer (b. 1644)

● 1746 - Josiah Burchett, English Secretary of the Admiralty

● 1764 - William Cavendish, 4th Duke of Devonshire, Prime Minister of Great Britain

● 1775 - Chiyo-ni, Japanese poet (b. 1703)

● 1782 - Charles Lee, British and U.S. general

● 1786 - Augustus Keppel, 1st Viscount Keppel, British admiral (b. 1725)

● 1803 - Samuel Adams, American revolutionary leader (b. 1722)

● 1804 - Nicolas-Joseph Cugnot, French automobile pioneer (b. 1725)

● 1817 - Fyodor Fyodorovich Ushakov, Russian naval commander and admiral (b. 1744)

● 1846 - Benjamin Waterhouse, Cambridge physician and medical professor (smallpox vaccine pioneer) (b. 1754)

● 1850 - Sarah Biffen, English painter (b. 1784)

● 1853 - François Jean Dominique Arago, French mathematician (b. 1786)

● 1927 - Svante Arrhenius, Swedish chemist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1859)

● 1938 - Alexandru Averescu, Romanian soldier and politician (b. 1859)

● 1962 - Boris Y. Bukreev, Russian mathematician (b. 1859)

● 1968 - Marcel Duchamp, French artist (b. 1887)

● 1973 - Paul Hartman, American actor (b. 1904)

● 1973 - Paavo Nurmi, Finnish runner (b. 1897)

● 1974 - Vasily Shukshin, Russian writer, actor, screenwriter, and director (b. 1929)

● 1975 - Kumaraswami Kamaraj, Indian Political leader, Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu (b. 1903)

● 1981 - Harry Golden, American journalist (b. 1902)

● 1981 - Hazel Scott, West Indian-born singer (b. 1920)

● 1985 - Rock Hudson, American actor after a battle with AIDS, one of the first of high profile deaths from AIDS. (b. 1925)

● 1987 - Peter Medawar, Brazilian-born scientist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (b. 1915)

● 1987 - Madeleine Carroll, British-born actress (b. 1906)

● 1994 - Harriet Hilliard Nelson, American actress (b. 1909)

● 1996 - Robert Bourassa, politician, premier of Quebec (b. 1933)

● 1998 - Gene Autry, American singer (Hollywood's Singing Cowboy), actor, and entrepreneur (long time owner of California Angels baseball team) (b. 1907)

● 1999 - Heinz G. Konsalik, German novelist (b. 1921)

● 2001 - Franz Biebl, German composer (b. 1906)

● 2002 - Heinz von Foerster, Austrian-born physicist and philosopher (b. 1911)

● 2003 - John T. Dunlop, U.S. Secretary of Labor (b. 1914)

● 2005 - Bert Eriksson, Belgain neo-Nazi (b. 1931)

● 2005 - Nipsey Russell, American comedian (b. 1918)

● 2005 - August Wilson, American playwright (b. 1945)

HOLIDAYS AND OBSERVANCES

● Yom Kippur (2006) (note: begins before sunset on October 1st)

● Roman festivals - First day of the Ludi Augustales to celebrate the recovery by emperor August of Roman standards from the Parthians

● Roman Catholic Church - Memorial of Guardian Angels

● Also see October 2 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)

● Guinea - Independence Day (from France, 1958)

● India - Gandhi Jayanti (birthday of Mahatma Gandhi, 1869)

● French Republican Calendar - Pomme de terre (Potato) Day, eleventh day in the Month of Vendémiaire


Click on this LINK to see original Wikipedia list with many having links with details.

Additional facts taken from:

The BBC Take on the day

On this day in the New York Times