October 19......

October 19 is the 292nd day of the year (293rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. There are 73 days remaining in the year on this date.

EVENTS

● 202 BC - The Battle of Zama results in the defeat of Carthage and Hannibal.

● 439 - The Vandals, led by King Gaiseric, take Carthage in North Africa.

● 1216 - King John of England dies at Newark-on-Trent and is succeeded by his nine-year-old son Henry.

● 1453 - The French recapture of Bordeaux brings the Hundred Years' War to a close, with the English retaining only Calais on French soil.

● 1466 - The Thirteen Years' War ends with the Second Treaty of Toruń. Gdansk Pomerania and Prussia as a whole are incorporated into Poland; the Teutonic Knights are allowed to rule its eastern part as Polish vassals.

● 1469 - Ferdinand II of Aragon marries Isabella of Castile, a marriage that paves the way to the unification of Aragon and Castile into a single country, Spain.

● 1512 - Martin Luther becomes a doctor of theology (Doctor in Biblia).

● 1765 - The Stamp Act Congress, meeting in New York, drew up a declaration of rights and liberties.

● 1781 - At Yorktown, Virginia, British commander Lord Cornwallis surrendered to a Franco-American force led by George Washington and the comte de Rochambeau, paving the way for the end of the American Revolutionary War.

● 1789 - Chief Justice John Jay is sworn in as the first Chief Justice of the U.S. Supreme Court.

● 1812 - Napoleon Bonaparte of France retreats from Moscow.

● 1813 - The Battle of Leipzig concludes, giving Napoleon Bonaparte one of his worst defeats.

● 1822 - In Parnaíba city; Simplício Dias da Silva, João Cândido de Deus e Silva, Domingos Dias declares the Independence of State of Piauí.

● 1864 - Battle of Cedar Creek - Union Army under Philip Sheridan destroys Confederate Army under Jubal Early.

● 1864 - Confederate raiders launch an attack on Saint Albans, Vermont from Canada.

● 1873 - Yale, Princeton, Columbia, and Rutgers universities draft the first code of American football rules.

● 1912 - Italy takes possession of Tripoli, Libya from the Ottoman Empire.

● 1914 - The First Battle of Ypres begins.

● 1917 - Love Field in Dallas, Texas is opened.

● 1921 - Portuguese Prime Minister António Granjo and other politicians are murdered in a Lisbon coup.

● 1933 - Germany withdraws from the League of Nations.

● 1935 - The League of Nations places economic sanctions on fascist Italy for its invasion of Ethiopia.

● 1943 - Streptomycin, the first antibiotic remedy for tuberculosis, is isolated by researchers at Rutgers University.

● 1944 - The Navy announced that black women would be allowed into the Women Accepted for Volunteer Emergency Service (WAVES).

● 1944 - United States forces land in the Philippines.

● 1950 - United Nations forces entered the North Korean capital of Pyongyang.

● 1950 - The military of the People's Republic of China takes control of the town of Chamdo in eastern Tibet.

● 1951 - President Harry S. Truman signed an act formally ending the state of war with Germany.

● 1953 - Arthur Godfrey fires Julius LaRosa live on American national TV.

● 1954 - 'Metal fatigue' caused Comet crashes; The first day of the public inquiry into the crashes of two Comet airliners within months of each other hears that metal fatigue is the most likely cause.

● 1954 - First ascent of Cho Oyu

● 1960 - The United States government decides to place an embargo on Communist Cuba, still in place today.

● 1967 - US probe flies past hot and windy Venus

● 1969 - Vice President Spiro T. Agnew referred to anti-Vietnam War protesters ''an effete corps of impudent snobs.''

● 1969 - The first Prime Minister of Tunisia for twelve years is appointed by President Habib Bourguiba. He is Bahi Ladgham, who would serve until 2 November 1970.

● 1970 - Large oil field found in North Sea

● 1973 - President Richard Nixon rejects an Appeals Court demand to turn over the Watergate tapes.

● 1974 - Niue becomes independent from New Zealand

● 1977 - The supersonic Concorde made its first landing in New York City.

● 1977 - Kidnapped German found dead; The body of kidnapped businessman Hanns-Martin Schleyer is found in the boot of a car in France.

● 1982 - John De Lorean is arrested for trafficking in cocaine (later acquitted but not until he lost his entire business).

● 1983 - Maurice Bishop, Prime Minister of Grenada, is overthrown and executed in a military coup d'état led by Bernard Coard.

● 1985 - The first Blockbuster Video store opens in Dallas, Texas.

● 1986 - Samora Machel, President of Mozambique and a prominent leader of FRELIMO, and 33 others died when their Tupolev 134 plane crashed into the Lebombo Mountains.

● 1987 - In retaliation for Iranian attacks on ships in the Persian Gulf, the U.S. Navy disables three of Iran's offshore oil platforms.

● 1987 - (Black Monday) The stock market crashed as the Dow Jones Industrial Average plunged 508 points, or 22.6 percent in value - its second biggest percentage drop. The UK stock market bottoms out after shares on Wall Street plummet following a wave of panic selling.

● 1989 - Guildford Four convictions are quashed by the Court of Appeal - they had spent 15 years in prison through a miscarriage of justice.

● 1991 - 7.0 Richter Scale earthquake in Northern Italy - 2000 dead

● 1994 - New Zealand's Goodnight Kiwi says good night for the last time.

● 1998 - The Earth Liberation Front sets fire to the Vail Mountain ski resort in Vail, Colorado, causing $12 million in damage.

● 2001 - Two Army Rangers were killed in a helicopter crash in Pakistan in the first combat-related American deaths of the military campaign in Afghanistan.

● 2001 - SIEV-X sinks en route to Christmas Island

● 2001 - It was announced that a New Jersey postal worker and a New York Post employee had tested positive for skin anthrax.

● 2001 - Inquiries into BSE brain blunder

● 2002 - A 37-year-old man was seriously wounded outside a steakhouse in Ashland, VA, in the latest attack by the Washington-area sniper.

● 2003 - Pope John Paul II beatified Mother Teresa during a ceremony in St. Peter's Square

● 2003 - David Blaine finally ended his 44-day endurance stunt of being sealed inside a transparent case suspended 30 feet in the air over Potters Fields Park, located in London.

● 2004 - Myanmar prime minister Khin Nyunt is ousted and placed under house arrest by the Thai government on charges of corruption.

● 2004 - Alain Robert dons a Spider-Man costume and climbs a building.

● 2004 - Insurgents in Iraq abducted Margaret Hassan, the local director of CARE International, from her car in Baghdad. (Hassan was later killed by her captors.)

● 2005 - A defiant Saddam Hussein pleaded innocent to charges of premeditated murder and torture as his trial opened under heavy security in the former headquarters of his Baath Party in Baghdad.

● 2005 - Hurricane Wilma becomes the most intense Atlantic hurricane on record with a minimum pressure of 882 mb.

● 2005 - The legendary Busch Memorial Stadium is closed and destroyed.

BIRTHS

● 1276 - Prince Hisaaki, Japanese shogun (d. 1328)

● 1433 - Marsilio Ficino, Italian philosopher (d. 1499)

● 1562 - Archbishop George Abbot, Archbishop of Canterbury (d. 1633)

● 1582 - Dmitry Ivanovich, Tsarevich (d. 1591)

● 1605 – Sir Thomas Browne, English physician and author (d. 1682)

● 1610 - James Butler, 1st Duke of Ormonde, English statesman and soldier (d. 1688)

● 1658 - Adolf Friedrich II of Mecklenburg-Strelitz (d. 1704)

● 1688 - William Cheselden, English surgeon and anatomist (d. 1752)

● 1680 - John Abernethy, Irish Protestant minister (d. 1740)

● 1718 - Victor-François, 2nd duc de Broglie, Marshal of France (d. 1804)

● 1720 - John Woolman, American Quaker preacher and abolitionist (d. 1772)

● 1721 - Joseph de Guignes, French orientalist (d. 1800)

● 1748 - Martha Wayles Skelton Jefferson, American wife of Thomas Jefferson (d. 1782)

● 1784 - (James Henry) Leigh Hunt, English essayist, critic, journalist and poet (d. 1859)

● 1784 - John McLoughlin, Canadian fur trader (d. 1857)

● 1810 - Cassius Marcellus Clay, American abolitionist (d. 1903)

● 1856 - Edmund Beecher Wilson, American biologist (d. 1939)

● 1858 - George Albert Boulenger, Belgian naturalist (d. 1937)

● 1859 - Alfred Dreyfus, French army officer tried for treason in famous trial and unjustly convicted (d. 1935)

● 1862 - Auguste Lumière, French inventor (d. 1954)

● 1873 - Jaap Eden, Dutch skater and cyclist (d. 1925))

● 1876 - Mordecai Brown, Baseball player (d. 1945)

● 1885 - Charles Merrill, American investment banker who helped create the largest brokerage firm in the United States (d. 1956)

● 1895 - Lewis Mumford, American historian (d. 1990)

● 1896 - Bob O'Farrell, baseball player (d. 1988)

● 1897 - Salimuzzaman Siddiqui, Pakistani scientist and scholar (d. 1994)

● 1899 - Miguel Ángel Asturias, Guatemalan writer, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1974)

● 1900 - Bill Ponsford, Australian cricketer (d. 1991)

● 1900 - Roy Worters, Canadian ice hockey goaltender (d. 1957)

● 1907 - Roger Wolfe Kahn, American bandleader (d. 1962)

● 1908 - Geirr Tveitt, Norwegian composer (d. 1981)

● 1909 - Cozy Cole, American jazz drummer (d. 1981)

● 1910 - Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar, Indian-born physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1995)

● 1910 - Jean Genet, French author (d. 1986)

● 1910 - Paul Robert, French lexicographer and publisher (d. 1980)

● 1913 - Vinicius de Moraes, Brazilian poet and songwriter (d. 1980)

● 1916 - Jean Dausset, French immunologist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine

● 1916 - Emil Gilels, Ukrainian pianist (d. 1985)

● 1918 - Robert S. Strauss, Former U.S. ambassador to Russia

● 1922 - Jack Anderson, American journalist (d. 2005)

● 1926 - Joel Feinberg, American moral philosopher (d. 2004)

● 1926 - Arne Bendiksen, Norwegian singer and songwriter

● 1931 - John le Carré, English novelist

● 1932 - Robert Reed, American actor (d. 1992)

● 1937 - Peter Max, American artist

● 1937 - Marilyn Bell, Canadian long distance swimmer

● 1940 - Michael Gambon, Irish actor

● 1941 - Simon Ward, British actor

● 1942 - Andrew Vachss, American author and attorney

● 1944 - Peter Tosh, Jamaican musician, political activist (d. 1987

● 1944 - George McCrae, American soul singer

● 1945 - Divine, American actor (d. 1988)

● 1945 - John Lithgow, American actor

● 1945 - Jeannie C. Riley American country and gospel singer

● 1946 - Philip Pullman, English writer

● 1947 - Giorgio Cavazzano, comics artist and illustrator

● 1948 - Pat Simmons, American musician (The Doobie Brothers)

● 1951(45? NYT) - Patricia Ireland, President of the NOW

● 1952 - Charlie Chase, Talk show host

● 1956 - Carlo Urbani, Italian physician (d. 1993)

● 1957 - Ray Richmond, entertainment/media columnist

● 1957 - Karl Wallinger, Rock musician (World Party)

● 1960 - Jonathan FeBland English musician, writer and artist

● 1960 - Jennifer Holliday, R&B singer

● 1962 - Evander Holyfield, American boxer

● 1964 - Jorge Luis Gonzales, Cuban-born American boxer

● 1965(64? NYT) - Ty Pennington, American television carpenter and TV host (''Extreme Makeover: Home Edition'')

● 1965 - Todd Park Mohr, Rock musician (Big Head Todd and the Monsters)

● 1966 - Jon Favreau, American actor, writer and director

● 1967 - Amy Carter, Daughter of former President Jimmy Carter

● 1969 - Trey Parker, American cartoonist, comedian, writer, and actor ("South Park")

● 1970 - Chris Kattan, American comedian and actor (''Saturday Night Live'')

● 1972 - Pras Michel, American musician (The Fugees)

● 1972 - Keith Foulke, American baseball pitcher

● 1976 - Cyndi Thomson, Country singer

● 1976 - Omar Gooding, Actor

● 1976 - Michael Young, baseball player

● 1978 - Enrique Bernoldi, Brazilian Formula One driver

● 1980 - José Bautista, baseball player

● 1980 - Benjamin Salisbury, Actor (''The Nanny'')

● 1990 - Janet Leon, Swedish singer (Play)

DEATHS

● 727 - Saint Frideswide

● 1187 - Pope Urban III

● 1216 - King John

● 1432 - John de Mowbray, 2nd Duke of Norfolk, English politician (b. 1392)

● 1587 - Francesco I de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany (b. 1541)

● 1608 - Martin Delrio, Flemish theologian and occultist (b. 1551)

● 1636 - Marcin Kazanowski, Polish politician

● 1682 - Thomas Browne, English writer (b. 1605)

● 1723 - Godfrey Kneller, German-born painter (b. 1646)

● 1745 - Jonathan Swift, Irish author (b. 1667)

● 1790 - Lyman Hall, American signer of the Declaration of Independence (b. 1724)

● 1813 - Józef Antoni Poniatowski, Polish prince and Marshal of France (friendly fire) (b. 1763)

● 1851 - Marie Thérèse Charlotte (b. 1778)

● 1889 - King Louis of Portugal (b. 1838)

● 1897 - George Pullman, American inventor and industrialist (b. 1831)

● 1901 - Carl Frederik Tietgen, Danish financier and industrialist (b. 1829)

● 1918 - Harold Lockwood, American actor (b. 1887)

● 1936 - Lu Xun, Chinese writer (b. 1881)

● 1937 - Ernest Rutherford, 1st Baron Rutherford of Nelson, New Zealand physicist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry (b. 1871)

● 1943 - Camille Claudel, French sculptor (b. 1864)

● 1950 - Edna St. Vincent Millay, American poet (b. 1892)

● 1956 - Isham Jones, American musician (b. 1894)

● 1960 - George Wallace, Australian vaudevillian and film comedian (b. 1895)

● 1973 - Walt Kelly, American cartoonist (b. 1913)

● 1983 - Maurice Bishop, Prime Minister of Grenada (b. 1944)

● 1985 - Alfred Rouleau, French Canadian businessman (b. 1915)

● 1986 - Dele Giwa, Nigerian Journalist.

● 1987 - Jacqueline Du Pré, English cellist (b. 1945)

● 1987 - Hermann Lang, German race car driver (b. 1909)

● 1988 - Son House, American musician (b. 1902)

● 1992 - Arthur Wint, Jamaican runner (b. 1920)

● 1994 - Martha Raye, American comedian and actress (b. 1916)

● 1995 - Don Cherry, American jazz trumpet player (b. 1936)

● 1997 - Glen Buxton, American guitarist (b. 1947)

● 1999 - Nathalie Sarraute, Russian-born French writer (b. 1900)

● 1999 - James C. Murray, American poltician (b. 1917)

● 2003 - Faith Fancher, American television journalist and activist (b. 1950)

● 2003 - Alija Izetbegovic, President of Bosnia-Herzegovina (b. 1925)

● 2003 - Margaret Murie, American conservationist (b. 1902)

● 2003 - Michael Hegstrand, American professional wrestler (b. 1957)

● 2004 - Kenneth E. Iverson, Canadian computer scientist (b. 1920)

● 2005 - Dallas Cook, American musician (Suburban Legends) (b. 1982)

HOLIDAYS AND OBSERVANCES

● Roman festivals - Armilustrium in honor of Mars

● Roman Catholic Saints:
● Saints Jean de Brébeuf, Isaac Jogues, and Companions
● Saint Frideswide

● Albania - Mother Teresa Day.

● Brazil - Independence Day of State of Piauí

● Niue - Constitution Day in honour of the country's independence (self-governing in free association with New Zealand) in 1974.

● French Republican Calendar - Tomate (Tomato) Day, twenty-eighth day in the Month of Vendémiaire

● October 19 Eastern Orthodox liturgics

● All fixed commemorations below are observed on November 1 by Old Calendarists
● Saints:
● Righteous John of Kronstadt, Wonderworker
● Prophet Joel (800 B.C.)
● Martyrs Varus, Cleopatra, her son John, and six monks in Egypt (307)
● Hieromartyr Sadoc, Bishop of Persia, and 128 martyrs with him (342)
● Saint Leontius the Philosopher of St. Sabbas' Monastery (642)
● Blessed Prochorus of Pechenga
● Russian New martyr Alexis Stavrovsky, priest (1918)
● Hieromartyr Felix and Deacon Eusebius
● Other commemorations:
● Translation of the relics of Venerable John of Rila, abbot in Bulgaria


Click on this LINK to see original Wikipedia list with many having links with details.

Additional facts taken from:

On this day in the New York Times

The BBC’s Take on the day

Permanent Backlink to Post