October 14......

October 14 is the 287th day of the year (288th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. There are 78 days remaining in the year.

EVENTS

● 530 - Antipope Dioscorus ends his reign as Catholic Pope.

● 1066 - Norman Conquest: Battle of Hastings - In England on Senlac Hill, seven miles from Hastings, the forces of William the Conqueror defeat the Saxon army and kill King Harold II of England.

● 1322 - Robert the Bruce of Scotland defeats King Edward II of England at Byland, forcing Edward to accept Scotland's independence.

● 1582 - Due to the implementation of the Gregorian calendar this day does not exist in this year in Italy, Poland, Portugal and Spain.

● 1586 - Mary I of Scotland goes on trial for conspiracy against Elizabeth I of England.

● 1651 - Laws are passed in Massachusetts forbidding poor people from adopting excessive styles of dress.

● 1656 - Massachusetts enacts the first punitive legislation against the Religious Society of Friends (Quakers). The marriage of church-and-state in Puritanism makes them regard the ritual-free Quakers as spiritually apostate and politically subversive.

● 1758 - Austria defeats Prussia at the Battle of Hochkirk

● 1773 - The first recorded ministry of education, the Commission of National Education, is formed in Poland.

● 1773 - Revolutionary War: The United Kingdom's East India Company tea ships' cargo are burned at Annapolis, Maryland.

● 1806 - Battle of Jena-Auerstädt France defeats Prussia

● 1812 - Work on London's Regent's Canal starts.

● 1834 - In Philadelphia, Whigs and Democrats stage a gun, stone and brick battle for control of a Moyamensing Township election, resulting in one death, several injuries, and the burning down of a block of buildings.

● 1834 - Henry Blair is the first African American to obtain a US patent. The patent was for a corn planter.

● 1835 - John Templeton, John Moore, Stanley Cuthbart and Ellen Ritchie were charged in Wheeling, Virginia with illegally teaching blacks to read.

● 1840 - Maronite leader Bashir II surrenders to the British forces and goes into exile in Malta.

● 1843 - The British arrest Irish nationalist Daniel O'Connell for conspiracy.

● 1863 - American Civil War: Battle of Bristol Station - Confederate General Robert E. Lee forces fail to drive the Union Army out of Virginia.

● 1867 - The 15th and last Shogun of the Tokugawa shogunate resigns in Japan.

● 1882 - University of the Punjab is founded in present day Pakistan.

● 1884 - George Eastman patents paper-strip photographic film.

● 1912 - While campaigning in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, former president Theodore Roosevelt is shot by saloonkeeper William Schrank. With a fresh flesh wound and the bullet still in him, Roosevelt still delivers his scheduled speech.

● 1913 - Senghenydd Colliery Disaster, the United Kingdom's worst coal mining accident, which claimed 439 lives.

● 1914 - German troops occupy Bruges.

● 1916 - Sophomore tackle and guard Paul Robeson is excluded from the Rutgers football team when Washington and Lee Universities refuse to play against a black person.

● 1920 - Part of Petsamo province is ceded by Soviet Union to Finland.

● 1925 - Anti-French uprising in Damascus (French inhabitants flee)

● 1926 - The children's book Winnie-the-Pooh, by A.A. Milne, is first published.

● 1933 - Nazi Germany withdraws from The League of Nations.

● 1939 - German U-47 sinks British battleship HMS Royal Oak.

● 1942 - A German U-boat sinks the ferry SS Caribou, killing 137.

● 1942 - Japanese battleship strikes Henderson Field.

● 1943 - Japan declares Philippine Independence.

● 1943 - U.S. 8th Air Force loses 60 B-17 Flying Fortresses during assault on Schweinfurt.

● 1944 - Allied troops land in Corfu.

● 1944 - British troops march into Athens.

● 1944 - German Field Marshal Erwin Rommel committed suicide rather than face execution for allegedly conspiring against Adolf Hitler.

● 1946 - Netherlands and Indonesia sign cease fire.

● 1947 - Air Force test pilot Charles E. Yeager became the first person to break the sound barrier when he flew the experimental Bell X One rocket plane over Edwards Air Force Base in California. The first man to do so in level flight.

● 1949 - Eleven leaders of the U.S. Communist Party are convicted, after a nine-month trial, of conspiring to advocate the violent overthrow of the U.S. government.

● 1949 - Chinese Red Army occupies Canton (Guangzhou).

● 1954 - Ethiopian emperor visits UK; The Queen welcomes Emperor of Ethiopia Haile Selassie when he arrives in the UK during his world tour.

● 1958 - The U.S. conducts an underground nuclear weapon test at the Nevada Test Site.

● 1958 - The District of Columbia Bar Association votes to accept black Americans as members.

● 1960 - Democratic presidential candidate John F. Kennedy suggested formation of a Peace Corps during a talk at the University of Michigan.

● 1962 - Cuban Missile Crisis begins: A U-2 flight over Cuba takes photos of Soviet nuclear weapons being installed.

● 1963 - The term "Beatlemania" is coined by the British press to describe the scene at the previous night's performance by The Beatles on the TV show Val Parnell's Sunday Night at the London Palladium.

● 1964 - Leonid Brezhnev becomes general secretary of the CPSU and leader of the Soviet Union, ousting Nikita Khrushchev.

● 1964 - American civil rights movement leader Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr becomes the youngest recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize.

● 1966 - The city of Montreal inaugurates the Montreal Metro.

● 1967 - Vietnam War: Folk singer Joan Baez is arrested in a blockade of the military induction center in Oakland, California.

● 1968 - Vietnam War: 27 soldiers are arrested at the Presidio in San Francisco for their peaceful protest of stockade conditions and the Vietnam War.

● 1968 - Vietnam War: The United States Department of Defense announces that the United States Army and United States Marines will be sending about 24,000 troops back to Vietnam for involuntary second tours.

● 1968 - First live telecast from a manned U.S. spacecraft Apollo 7.

● 1968 - A 6.8 earthquake wrecked the Australian town of Meckering, and also ruptured all major roads and railways nearby.

● 1968 - James Hines of the USA becomes the first man ever to break the ten second barrier in the 100 metres Olympic final at Mexico City with a time of 9.95 sec. He would be the only man to do so until 1983.

● 1969 - A race riot occurs in Springfield, Massachusetts.

● 1969 - The United Kingdom introduces the 50p (fifty-pence) coin, replacing the ten-shilling note, in anticipation of the decimalisation of the currency in 1971. The new 50-pence coin sparks confusion as the new seven-sided 50p coin comes into circulation but prompts complaints that it is too similar to the 10-pence.

● 1969 - Olof Palme becomes Prime Minister of Sweden.

● 1971 - Two people are killed in a Memphis, Tennessee race riot.

● 1973 - Thailand's University Students protest for a democratic government; 77 are killed and 857 injured as Thai army shoots protesters in the Thai capital of Bangkok in street battles between government troops and demonstrators.

● 1979 - The first Gay Rights March on Washington, D.C. demands "an end to all social, economic, judicial, and legal oppression of lesbian and gay people," draws 200,000 people.

● 1981 - Citing official misconduct in the investigation and trial, Amnesty International charges the U.S. government with holding Richard Marshall of the American Indian Movement as a political prisoner.

● 1981 - Vice President Hosni Mubarak is elected President of Egypt one week after Anwar Sadat was assassinated.

● 1982 - U.S. President Ronald Reagan proclaims a War on Drugs.

● 1983 - Grenada leftist coup under Vice-Premier Coard.

● 1983 - Parkinson quits over lovechild scandal; The Trade and Industry Secretary resigns after fresh details about his affair with a former secretary are revealed.

● 1986 - Holocaust survivor and human rights advocate Elie Wiesel was named winner of the Nobel Peace Prize.

● 1987 - 18-month-old Jessica McClure ("Baby Jessica") falls down an abandoned well in Midland, Texas (her nationally televised rescue takes 58 hours).

● 1991 - Burmese opposition leader Aung San Suu Kyi was named winner of the Nobel Peace Prize.

● 1994 - Palestinian leader Yasser Arafat, Israeli Prime Minister Yitzhak Rabin, and Israeli Foreign Minister Shimon Peres receive the Nobel Peace Prize.

● 1996 - The Dow Jones Industrial Average gains 40.62 to 6,010.00, closing above 6,000 for the first time ever.

● 1998 - Eric Robert Rudolph, one of FBI's 10 most-wanted fugitives, is charged with 6 bombings including the 1996 Centennial Olympic Park bombing in Atlanta, Georgia.

● 2001 - Delta Flight 458 from Atlanta, Georgia to Newark, New Jersey, is diverted to Charlotte/Douglas International Airport, and passengers are taken off the flight while officials investigate a report of two "Middle Eastern men" making threats in a foreign tongue -- two Orthodox Jews peacefully praying.

● 2001 - Senate Majority Leader Tom Daschle's office was quarantined after an anthrax-tainted letter was opened.

● 2002 - An FBI analyst was killed in a mall parking lot in Falls Church, Va., in a shooting linked to the Washington-area sniper.

● 2003 - John Allen Muhammad pleaded innocent to murder at the first trial in the Washington-area sniper rampage in Virginia Beach, Va.

● 2004 - A suicide bomber killed four Americans in the U.S.-guarded ''Green Zone'' of Baghdad.

BIRTHS

● 1257 - King Przemysl II of Poland (d. 1296)

● 1493 - Shimazu Tadayoshi, Japanese warlord (d. 1568)

● 1499 - Claude of France, wife of Louis XII of France (d. 1524)

● 1574 - Anne of Denmark, wife of James I of England and VI of Scotland (d. 1619)

● 1618 - Sir Peter Lely, English painter (d. 1680)

● 1630 - Sophia of Hanover (d. 1714)

● 1633 - James II of England and VII of Scotland (1665-68) (d. 1701)

● 1643 - Bahadur Shah I, Mughal Emperor of India (d. 1712)

● 1644 - William Penn, English Quaker and advocate for religious liberty; founded American colony of Pennsylvania (d. 1718)

● 1687 - Robert Simson, Scottish mathematician (d. 1768)

● 1712 - George Grenville, Prime Minister of Great Britain and English first lord of the Treasury (1763-65) (d. 1770)

● 1726 - Charles Middleton, 1st Baron Barham, English sailor and politician (d. 1813)

● 1733 - François Sebastien Charles Joseph de Croix, Count of Clerfayt, Austrian field marshal (d. 1798)

● 1734 - Francis Lightfoot Lee, American revolutionary leader; signed Declaration of Independence (d. 1797)

● 1784 - King Ferdinand VII of Spain (1808-33) (d. 1833)

● 1801 - Joseph Plateau, Belgian physicist (d. 1883)

● 1806 - Preston King, U.S. Senator from New York (d. 1865)

● 1842 - Joe Start, baseball player (d. 1927)

● 1857 - Elwood Haynes, American automobile pioneer (d. 1925)

● 1861 - Artur Gavazzi, Croatian geographer (d. 1944)

● 1869 - Joseph Duveen, British art dealer (d. 1939)

● 1873 - Ray Ewry, American athlete (d. 1937)

● 1882 - Eamon de Valera, Irish politician and patriot, Irish prime minister (1932-48; 1951-54) and president (1957-59) (d. 1975)

● 1882 - Charlie Parker, English cricketer (d. 1959)

● 1888 - Katherine Mansfield, New Zealand writer (d. 1923)

● 1890 - Dwight D. “Ike” Eisenhower in Denison, Texas, highly respected American general, supreme commander of World War II Allied forces in Europe and 34th President of the United States (d. 1969)

● 1892 - Sumner Welles, American diplomat (d. 1961)

● 1893 - Lillian Gish, American actress (d. 1993)

● 1894 - e. e. cummings, American poet (d. 1962)

● 1902 - Learco Guerra, Italian cyclist (d. 1963)

● 1904 - Christian Pineau, French World War II resistance fighter (d. 1995)

● 1906 - Hannah Arendt, German political theorist and writer (d. 1975)

● 1906 - Imam Hassan al Banna, Egyptian founder of the Muslim Brotherhood (d. 1949)

● 1908 - Ruth Hale, American playwright and actress (d. 2003)

● 1908 - Allan Jones, American actor and singer (d. 1992)

● 1909 - Bernd Rosemeyer, German racecar driver (d. 1938)

● 1910 - John Wooden, American basketball player and coach

● 1911 - Le Duc Tho, Vietnamese general and politician, recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize (d. 1990)

● 1914 - Raymond Davis Jr., American physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 2006)

● 1914 - Dick Durrance, American skier (d. 2004)

● 1914 - Harry Brecheen, Baseball player (d. 2004)

● 1916 - C. Everett Koop, Former United States Surgeon General

● 1918 - Marcel Chaput, French Canadian politician (d. 1991)

● 1926 - Bill Justis, American saxophonist, composer and arranger (d. 1982)

● 1927 - Roger Moore, English actor

● 1929 - Yvon Durelle, Canadian boxer

● 1930 - Joseph Mobutu, President of Zaire (d. 1997)

● 1931 - Nikhil Banerjee, Indian classical musician (d.1986)

● 1935 - La Monte Young, American composer

● 1937 - Carroll Ballard, Director

● 1938 - John W. Dean III, American White House counsel and Watergate figure

● 1938 - Empress Farah Diba of Iran

● 1938 - Ron Lancaster, Canadian Football League quarterback and coach

● 1938 - Melba Montgomery, Country singer

● 1939 - Ralph Lauren, American fashion designer

● 1940 - Perrie Mans, South African snooker player

● 1940 - Cliff Richard, British singer

● 1940 - Christopher Timothy, British actor

● 1944 - Udo Kier, German actor

● 1946 - Justin Hayward, English musician (The Moody Blues, lead singer, guitarist and songwriter)

● 1946 - Craig Venter, American biologist

● 1946 - Al Oliver, Major League Baseball player

● 1947 - Lukas Resetarits, Austrian cabaret artist and actor

● 1948 - Harry Anderson, American actor

● 1949 - Katy Manning, British actress

● 1952 - Nikolai Andrianov, Soviet gymnast

● 1952 - Harry Anderson, Actor (“Night Court”)

● 1953 - Greg Evigan, Actor

● 1956 - Beth Daniel, Golf hall-of-famer

● 1956 - Arleen Sorkin, TV personality (''America's Funniest People'')

● 1958 - Thomas Dolby, British musician

● 1960 - Steve Cram, British track athlete

● 1962 - Jaan Ehlvest, Estonian chess player

● 1964 - Olu Oguibe, American artist

● 1964 - Joe Girardi, baseball player

● 1965 - Constantine Koukias, Australian composer

● 1965 - Karyn White, R&B singer

● 1967 - Sylvain Lefebvre, former National Hockey League player

● 1967 - Pat Kelly, baseball player

● 1968 - Matthew Le Tissier, English footballer

● 1969 - David Strickland, American actor (d. 1999)

● 1970 - Jon Seda, Actor

● 1970 - Daniela Peštová, Czech supermodel

● 1970 - Doug Virden, Country musician

● 1971 - Jorge Costa, Portuguese footballer

● 1974 - Shaggy 2 Dope, Insane Clown Posse

● 1974 - Natalie Maines, American musician (Dixie Chicks)

● 1974 - Jessica Drake, American porn star

● 1975 - Floyd Landis, American cyclist

● 1975 - Shaznay Lewis, Actress-singer

● 1976 - Nataša Kejžar, Slovenian swimmer

● 1976 - Henry Mateo, Professional baseball player

● 1977 - Kelly Schumacher, Canadian basketball player

● 1978 - Paul Hunter, English snooker player

● 1978 - Usher, American singer and actor

● 1978 - Ryan Church, Baseball player

● 1979 - Stacy Keibler, American professional wrestler

● 1980 - Terrence McGee, American football player

● 1980 - Paul Ambrosi, Ecuadorian footballer

● 1981 - Akon, Senegalese R&B singer

● 1981 - Jordan Brower, Actor

● 1983 - Vanessa Lane, American porn star

● 1985 - Digão, Brasilian football player

● 1985 - Sherlyn, Mexican actress

● 1988 - Max Thieriot, American actor

● 1994 - Bryan Breeding, American singer

DEATHS

● 1066 - Harold Godwinson, King of England

● 1092 - Nizam al-Mulk, Persian vizier (b. 1018)

● 1256 - Kujo Yoritsugu, Japanese shogun (b. 1239)

● 1318 - Edward Bruce, High King of Ireland

● 1552 - Oswald Myconius, Swiss protestant reformer (b. 1488)

● 1565 - Thomas Chaloner, English statesman and poet (b. 1521)

● 1568 - Jacques Arcadelt, Flemish composer

● 1610 - Amago Yoshihisa, Japanese samurai and warlord (b. 1540)

● 1619 - Samuel Daniel, English poet (b. 1562)

● 1637 - Gabriello Chiabrera, Italian poet (b. 1552)

● 1660 - Thomas Harrison, English Puritan soldier (b. 1606)

● 1669 - Antonio Cesti, Italian composer (b. 1623)

● 1703 - Thomas Hansen Kingo, Danish poet (b. 1634)

● 1711 - Tewoflos, Emperor of Ethiopia (b. 1708)

● 1758 - Francis Edward James Keith, Scottish soldier and Prussian field marshal (b. 1696)

● 1831 - Jean-Louis Pons, French astronomer (b. 1761)

● 1911 - John Marshall Harlan, U.S. Supreme Court Justice (b. 1833)

● 1944 - Erwin Rommel, German field marshall (b. 1891)

● 1958 - Douglas Mawson, Australian Antarctic explorer (b. 1882)

● 1959 - Errol Flynn, Australian actor (b. 1909)

● 1960 - Abram Ioffe, Russian physicist (b. 1880)

● 1961 - Paul Ramadier, French politician (b. 1888)

● 1976 - Dame Edith Evans, English actress (b. 1888)

● 1977 - Bing Crosby, American singer and actor (b. 1903)

● 1984 - Martin Ryle, English radio astronomer, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physics (b. 1918)

● 1985 - Emil Gilels, Ukrainian pianist (b. 1916)

● 1986 - Keenan Wynn, American actor (b. 1916)

● 1990 - Leonard Bernstein, American composer and conductor (b. 1918)

● 1997 - Harold Robbins, American novelist (b. 1915)

● 1998 - Cleveland Amory, American writer and animal rights activist (b. 1917)

● 1998 - Frankie Yankovic, American musician (b. 1916)

● 1999 - Julius Nyerere, Tanzanian politician (b. 1922)

● 2003 - Patrick Dalzel-Job, English soldier and inspiration for James Bond (b. 1913)

HOLIDAYS AND OBSERVANCES

● Roman Catholic Saint
● Pope Callistus I

● World Standards Day (from ISO, IEC, ITU)

● World Organ Donation Day

● Teachers' Day, or National Education Day in Poland

● French Republican Calendar - Navet (Turnip) Day, twenty-third day in the Month of Vendémiaire


Click on this LINK to see original Wikipedia list with many having links with details.

Additional facts taken from:

The BBC Take on the day

On this day in the New York Times