October 13......

October 13 is the 286th day of the year (287th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. There are 79 days remaining in the year.

EVENTS

● 1282 - Nichiren Daishonin, founder of the Nichiren School of Buddhism, dies. His ashes are interred at Taisekiji Temple.

● 1307 - Hundreds of Knights Templar in France are simultaneously arrested by agents of Phillip the Fair, to be later tortured into "admitting" heresy.

● 1582 - Due to the implementation of the Gregorian calendar this day does not exist in this year in Italy, Poland, Portugal and Spain.

● 1775 - The United States Continental Congress orders the establishment of the Continental Navy (later renamed the United States Navy).

● 1792 - In Washington, DC, the cornerstone of the United States Executive Mansion (known as the White House since 1818, after being restored from fire during the War of 1812) is laid.

● 1812 - War of 1812: Battle of Queenston Heights - As part of the Niagara campaign in Ontario, Canada, United States forces under General Stephen Van Rensselaer are repulsed from invading Canada by British and native troops led by Sir Isaac Brock.

● 1843 - In New York City, Henry Jones and 11 others found B'nai B'rith (the oldest Jewish service organization in the world).

● 1845 - A majority of voters in the Republic of Texas approve a proposed constitution, that if accepted by the U.S. Congress, will make Texas a U.S. state.

● 1890 - The Delta Chi Fraternity is founded by 11 law students at Cornell University in Ithaca, New York.

● 1903 - The Boston Americans beat the Pittsburgh Pirates 3-0 to win the first World Series five games to three. The series had to won by at least two games and could continue endlessly like a baseball game.

● 1917 - The "Miracle of the Sun" is witnessed by an estimated 70,000 persons in the Cova da Iria in Fatima, Portugal.

● 1918 - Mehmed Talat Pasha and the Young Turk (C.U.P.) ministry resign and sign an armistice, ending Ottoman participation in World War I

● 1923 - Ankara replaces Constantinople as the capital of Turkey.

● 1943 - World War II: The new government of Italy sides with the Allies and declares war on Germany, its one-time Axis partner.

● 1944 - World War II: Riga, the capital of Latvia is taken over by the Red Army

● 1946 - France adopts the constitution of the Fourth Republic.

● 1954 - Chataway beats 5,000m world record; Chris Chataway, the 23-year-old Oxford blue, has broken the 5,000 metres world record by five seconds in what has been described as one of the most remarkable races seen on a British track. He beat European champion Vladimir Kuts after a nail-biting finish in the London v Moscow match at White City athletics stadium in West London. His time was recorded as 13 mins 51.6 secs.

● 1958 - Burial of Eugenio Pacelli, Pope Pius XII on the 41st anniversary of the "Miracle of the Sun".

● 1960 - Richard M. Nixon and John F. Kennedy participated in the third televised debate of the presidential campaign, with Nixon in Hollywood, Calif., and Kennedy in New York.

● 1960 - The World Series ended with a home run for the first time as Bill Mazeroski of the Pittsburgh Pirates hit a round-tripper in the ninth inning of Game 7 against the New York Yankees.

● 1962 – “Who's Afraid of Virginia Woolf?” by Edward Albee opens on Broadway.

● 1971 - Army blasts N Ireland border roads; British Army engineers are blowing up minor border roads in Northern Ireland to crack down on IRA gun-running.

● 1972 - An Aeroflot Ilyushin Il-62 crashed outside Moscow killing 176.

● 1972- Uruguayan Air Force Flight 571 crashes in the Andes mountains, in between the borders of Argentina and Chile. By December 23, 1972 all 16 survivors were rescued.

● 1973 - The British progressive rock band Family perform their last concert at Leicester Polytechnic in Leicester, England, prior to their disbandment.

● 1976 - A Bolivian Boeing 707 cargo jet crashes into a busy city street in Santa Cruz, Bolivia in the west of Bolivia killing 100 (97, mostly children, killed on the ground)

● 1976 - The first electron micrograph of an Ebola viral particle was obtained by Dr. F.A. Murphy, now at U.C. Davis, who was then working at the C.D.C..

● 1977 - Four Palestinians hijack Lufthansa Flight 181 to Somalia and demand release of 11 members of the Red Army Faction.

● 1981 - Egyptians voted in a referendum to elect (confirm) Vice President Hosni Mubarak the new president, one week after the assassination of Anwar Sadat.

● 1983 - Ameritech Mobile Communications (now Cingular) launched the first US cellular network in Chicago.

● 1988 - Government loses Spycatcher battle; The British Government fails to stop publication of the controversial book Spycatcher, written by a former secret service agent.

● 1992 - Thousands of miners to lose their jobs; The government announces plans to close one third of Britain's deep coal mines, putting 31,000 miners out of work.

● 1998 - The National Basketball Association canceled the first two weeks of its regular season because of a lockout.

● 1994 - Loyalists announce a ceasefire; Three main loyalist paramilitary groups announce a ceasefire in Northern Ireland following the IRA announcement seven weeks ago.

● 1999 - The United States Senate rejects ratification of the Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty (CTBT).

● 1999 - The JonBenet Ramsey grand jury was dismissed after 13 months of work; prosecutors said there wasn't enough evidence to charge anyone in the 6-year-old's strangulation.

● 2000 - South Korean President Kim Dae-jung was named winner of the Nobel Peace Prize.

● 2003 - The Public Library of Science commences publication of an open-access scientific journal, PLoS Biology.

● 2005 - British playwright Harold Pinter won the 2005 Nobel Prize in literature.

BIRTHS

● 709 - Emperor Kōnin Japan (d. 781)

● 1162 - Leonora of England, wife of Alfonso VIII of Castile (d. 1214)

● 1381 - Thomas FitzAlan, 12th Earl of Arundel, English politician (d. 1415)

● 1453 - Edward of Westminster, Prince of Wales (d. 1471)

● 1474 - Mariotto Albertinelli, Italian painter (d. 1515)

● 1566 - Richard Boyle, 1st Earl of Cork, Irish politician (d. 1643)

● 1696 - John Hervey, Lord Hervey, English statesman and writer (d. 1743)

● 1713 - Allan Ramsay, Scottish painter (d. 1784)

● 1714 - Pieter Burmann the Younger, Dutch philologist (d. 1778)

● 1753 - Date Unsure: Molly Pitcher, American patriot (d. 1832)

● 1776 - Peter Barlow, British physicist (d. 1862)

● 1821 - Rudolf Virchow, German physician, pathologist, biologist, and politician (d. 1902)

● 1853 - Lillie Langtry, British actress (d. 1929)

● 1862 - Mary Kingsley, English writer and explorer (d. 1900)

● 1876 - Rube Waddell, baseball player (d. 1914)

● 1877 - Theodore Bilbo, American politician; senator from Mississippi (1935-47) (d. 1947)

● 1880 - Sasha Cherny, Russian poet (d. 1932)

● 1887 - Jozef Tiso, Slovak politician (d. 1947)

● 1907 - Yves Allégret, French film director (d. 1987)

● 1909 - Art Tatum, American jazz pianist (d. 1956)

● 1909 - Herbert Block, American cartoonist (d. 2001)

● 1910 - Art Tatum, American jazz pianist (d. 1956)

● 1911 - Ashok Kumar, Indian actor (d. 2001)

● 1915 - Terry Frost, English artist (d. 2003)

● 1915 - Cornel Wilde, American actor (d. 1989)

● 1917 - Laraine Day, American actor

● 1917 - Burr Tillstrom, American puppeteer (d. 1985)

● 1918 - Robert Hudson Walker, American actor (d. 1951)

● 1921 - Yves Montand, Italian-born American singer and actor (d. 1991)

● 1923 - Faas Wilkes, Dutch football (soccer) player

● 1924 - Nipsey Russell, American comedian, actor, and television personality (d. 2005)

● 1925 - Lenny Bruce, controversial American comedian of the Beat Generation (d. 1966)

● 1925 - Margaret Thatcher, Former Prime Minister of the United Kingdom

● 1925 - Gustav Winckler, Danish singer (d. 1979)

● 1926 - Ray Brown, American jazz bassist (d. 2002)

● 1927 - Lee Konitz, American jazz saxophonist

● 1931 - Eddie Mathews, baseball player (d. 2001)

● 1931 - Raymond Kopa, French footballer

● 1932 - Jack Colvin, American actor (d. 2005)

● 1934 - Nana Mouskouri, Greek singer

● 1938 - Hugo Young, English journalist (d. 2003)

● 1938 - Shirley Caesar, Gospel singer

● 1939 - T. J. Cloutier, American poker player

● 1939 - Melinda Dillon, Actress

● 1940 - Pharoah Sanders, American saxophonist

● 1941 - Paul Simon, American singer, songwriter, and guitarist

● 1942 - Jerry Jones, American football team owner

● 1942 - Pamela Tiffin, American film actress

● 1944 - Robert Lamm, American musician (Chicago)

● 1945 - Christophe, French singer

● 1946 - Edwina Currie, British politician

● 1946 - Demond Wilson, Actor (''Sanford and Son'')

● 1947 - Sammy Hagar, American singer

● 1948 - Ted Poe, American politician

● 1948 - John Ford Coley, American musician

● 1949 - Tom Mees, Sports Broadcaster (d. 1996)

● 1950 - Dan Seals, American singer and songwriter

● 1952 - Beverly Johnson, Model

● 1952 - John Lone, Actor

● 1953 - Pat Day, American jockey

● 1954 - Mordechai Vanunu, Israeli nuclear technician

● 1954 - Claude Ribbe, French historian

● 1954 - George Frazier, baseball player

● 1956 - Chris Carter, American television producer

● 1957 - Reggie Theus, Actor

● 1958 - Jair-Rohm Parker Wells, American musician and composer

● 1958 - Maria Cantwell, U.S. Senator, D-WA

● 1959 - Marie Osmond, American entertainer

● 1960 - Ari Fleischer, Former White House Press Secretary

● 1960 - Joey Belladonna, Rock singer (Anthrax)

● 1961 - Doc Rivers, basketball player and coach

● 1962 - T'Keyah Crystal Keymáh, American actress

● 1962 - Kelly Preston, American actress

● 1962 - Jerry Rice, American football star

● 1962 - John Wiggins, Country singer

● 1964 - Niè Hǎishèng, Chinese astronaut

● 1964 - Christopher Judge, American actor

● 1965 - Johan Museeuw, Belgian cyclist

● 1966 - Javier Lopez Cantu, American Latino painter

● 1967 - Steve Vickers, English footballer

● 1967 - Scott Cooper, American baseball player

● 1967 - Trevor Hoffman, Baseball player

● 1967 - Kate Walsh, Actress ("Grey's Anatomy")

● 1968 - Carlos Marin, Spanish baritone (Il Divo)

● 1968 - Tisha Campbell-Martin, Actress (''My Wife and Kids'')

● 1969 - Nancy Kerrigan, American figure skater

● 1969 - Cady McClain, American actress

● 1969 - Rhett Akins, Country singer

● 1970 - Mel Jackson, actor and R&B musician

● 1971 - Sacha Baron Cohen, British comedian (''Da Ali G Show'')

● 1971 - Pyrros Dimas, Albanian weightlifter

● 1971 - Billy Bush, American TV host

● 1972 - Summer Sanders, American Olympic swimmer

● 1972 - Jan Van Sichem Jr., Rock guitarist (K's Choice)

● 1973 - Brian Dawkins, American football player

● 1973 - Nanako Matsushima, Japanese actress

● 1973 - Matt Hughes, Mixed Martial Fighter

● 1974 - Hawick Lau, Chinese actor and singer

● 1974 - Joseph Utsler, American rapper (Insane Clown Posse)

● 1975 - Tom Anderson, American entrepreneur

● 1975 - David Kennedy, American musician (Boxcar Racer, Angels and Airwaves)

● 1975 - Brandon Casey, R&B singer (Jagged Edge)

● 1975 - Brian Casey, R&B singer (Jagged Edge)

● 1977 - Paul Pierce, American basketball player

● 1977 - Gareth Batty, English cricketer

● 1978 - Jermaine O'Neal, American basketball player

● 1979 - Wes Brown, English footballer

● 1980 - Ashanti, American musician

● 1980 - Magne Hoset, Norwegian footballer

● 1980 - Scott Parker, English footballer

● 1981 - Ryan Ashford, English footballer

● 1982 - Michael Clayton, American football player

● 1982 - Ian Thorpe, Australian swimmer

DEATHS

● 54 - Claudius, Roman Emperor (b. 10 BC)

● 1282 - Nichiren Japanese founder of Nichiren Buddhism (b. 1222)

● 1415 - Thomas FitzAlan, 12th Earl of Arundel, English military leader (b. 1381)

● 1508 - Edmund de Ros, 11th Baron de Ros, English politician (b. 1446)

● 1605 - Theodore Beza, French theologian (b. 1519)

● 1673 - Kristoffer Gabel, Danish statesman (b. 1617)

● 1687 - Geminiano Montanari, Italian astronomer (b. 1633)

● 1694 - Samuel von Pufendorf, German jurist (b. 1632)

● 1706 - Iyasus the Great, Emperor of Ethiopia (b. 1682)

● 1715 - Nicolas Malebranche, French philosopher (b. 1638)

● 1759 - John Henley, English minister (b. 1692)

● 1788 - Robert Nugent, 1st Earl Nugent, Irish politician and poet (b. 1702)

● 1812 - Sir Isaac Brock, British general (killed in battle) (b. 1769)

● 1815 - Joachim Murat, French marshal and King of Naples (executed) (b. 1767)

● 1825 - King Maximilian I of Bavaria (d. 1756)

● 1869 - Charles Augustin Sainte-Beuve, French literary critic (b. 1804)

● 1882 - Arthur de Gobineau, French philosopher (b. 1816)

● 1890 - Samuel Freeman Miller, U.S. Supreme Court Justice (b. 1816)

● 1905 - Sir Henry Irving, the first British actor to be knighted (b. 1838)

● 1909 - Francisco Ferrer Guardia, Spanish free-thinker (b. 1849)

● 1917 - Florence La Badie, American actress

● 1919 - Karl Adolph Gjellerup, Danish writer, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1857)

● 1931 - Ernst Didring, Swedish author (b. 1868)

● 1938 - E.C. Segar, American cartoonist (Popeye) (b. 1894)

● 1945 - Milton S. Hershey, American chocolate tycoon (b. 1857)

● 1950 - Ernest Haycox, American writer (b. 1899)

● 1955 - Manuel Ávila Camacho, President of Mexico (b. 1897)

● 1966 - Clifton Webb, American actor (b. 1889)

● 1968 - Bea Benaderet, American actress (b. 1906)

● 1971 - Stafford Smythe, National Hockey League executive

● 1974 - Ed Sullivan, American television personality (b. 1901)

● 1979 - Rebecca Clarke, English composer and violist (b. 1886)

● 1987 - Walter Brattain, American physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1902)

● 1987 - Kishore Kumar, Indian film playback singer and actor (b. 1929)

● 1990 - Le Duc Tho, Vietnamese general and politician, recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize (b. 1911)

● 2000 - Jean Peters, American actress (b. 1926)

● 2002 - Stephen Ambrose, American historian and biographer (b. 1936)

● 2003 - Bertram Brockhouse, Canadian physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1918)

● 2005 - Vivian Malone Jones, American civil rights activist (b. 1942)

HOLIDAYS AND OBSERVANCES

● Roman festivals - Fontanalia: festival dedicated to Fontus

● Roman Catholic Saints:
● Translation (1163) of Saint Edward the Confessor
● Memorial of Saint Gerald of Aurillac

● French Republican Calendar - Pêche (Peach) Day, twenty-second day in the Month of Vendémiaire


Click on this LINK to see original Wikipedia list with many having links with details.

Additional facts taken from:

The BBC Take on the day

On this day in the New York Times