September 22......

September 22 is the 265th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (266th in leap years). There are 100 days remaining. It is known to be the last day of the summer season in the Northern Hemisphere, and the last day of the winter season in the Southern Hemisphere.

EVENTS

● 66 - Emperor Nero creates the legion I Italica.

● 1236 - The Lithuanians and Semigallians defeat the Livonian Brothers of the Sword in Battle of Šiauliai.

● 1586 - The battle of Zutphen occurs.

● 1598 - Ben Jonson is indicted for manslaughter.

● 1692 - Last people hanged for witchcraft in the United States.

● 1776 - Nathan Hale was hanged as a spy by the British during the American Revolutionary War.

● 1784 - Russia establishes a colony at Kodiak, Alaska.

● 1789 - Congress authorized the office of Postmaster-General.

● 1792 - primidi Vendémiaire of year I of the French Republican Calendar; The French Republic was proclaimed.

● 1862 - Slavery in the United States: President Abraham Lincoln issued the preliminary Emancipation Proclamation, declaring all slaves in rebel states should be free as of Jan. 1, 1863.

● 1866 - Decisive battle of Curupaity in the War of the Triple Alliance.

● 1869 - Richard Wagner's opera Das Rheingold debuts in Munich.

● 1885 - Lord Randolph Churchill makes a speech in Ulster in opposition to Home Rule e.g. "Ulster will fight and Ulster will be right".

● 1893 - The first American-built automobile, built by the Duryea Brothers, is displayed.

● 1896 - Queen Victoria surpasses her grandfather King George III as the longest reigning monarch in British history.

● 1908 - The independence of Bulgaria is recognised.

● 1927 - Gene Tunney successfully defended his heavyweight boxing title against Jack Dempsey in the ''long-count'' fight in Chicago.

● 1934 - An explosion takes place at Gresford Colliery in Wales, leading to the deaths of 266 miners and rescuers.

● 1937 - Spanish Civil War: Peña Blanca is taken; the end of the Battle of El Mazuco.

● 1944 - World War II, Red Army enters Tallinn.

● 1949 - The Soviet Union exploded its first atomic bomb.

● 1951 - The first live sporting event seen coast-to-coast in the United States, a college football game between Duke and the University of Pittsburgh, is televised on NBC.

● 1955 - In Britain, the television channel ITV goes live for the first time. New TV channel ends BBC monopoly; Britain's first independent television station is on air, bringing advertisements to the airwaves for the first time.

● 1960 - Mali gains independence from France.

● 1964 - The musical ''Fiddler on the Roof'' opened on Broadway, beginning a run of 3,242 performances.

● 1965 - The war between India and Pakistan over Kashmir ends after the UN calls for a cease-fire.

● 1969 - Willie Mays of the San Francisco Giants hit his 600th career home run during a game in San Diego.

● 1970 - Tunku Abdul Rahman resigns as Prime Minister of Malaysia.

● 1975 - Sara Jane Moore failed in an attempt to assassinate United States President Gerald Ford outside a San Francisco hotel, but is foiled by Oliver Sipple.

● 1975 - Bomb blasts rock Northern Ireland; A day of IRA bombings across Northern Ireland places the ceasefire it declared seven months ago in serious doubt.

● 1979 - The South Atlantic Flash or Vela Incident is observed near Bouvet Island, thought to be a nuclear weapons test.

● 1980 - War breaks out between Iran and Iraq; Iraq bombs several Iranian air and military supply bases, including Tehran's international airport, at the start of what appears to be all-out war.

● 1985 - The Plaza Accord was signed in New York City.

● 1988 - The government of Canada apologized for the World War II internment of Japanese-Canadians and promised compensation.

● 1989 - Ten dead in Kent barracks bomb; A devastating explosion at an army barracks in Kent kills 11 people - 10 of them young soldiers.

● 1991 - The Dead Sea Scrolls are made available to the public for the first time, by the Huntington Library.

● 1993 - A Transair Georgian Airlines Tu-154 is shot down by a missile in Sukhumi, Georgia.

● 1994 - Hit US sitcom Friends begins on NBC.

● 1995 - Time Warner struck a $7.5 billion deal to buy Turner Broadcasting System Inc.

● 1997 - Bentalha massacre in Algeria; over 200 villagers killed.

● 1998 - Thousands flee fighting in Kosovo; Serbian forces renew their assault against rebel fighters in Kosovo leading thousands of civilians to flee their homes.

● 2001 - Simpson smuggled into Afghanistan; The BBC's world affairs editor becomes the only television reporter to broadcast from Taleban-held Afghanistan as the country prepares for a US attack.

● 2003 - David Hempleman-Adams becomes the first person to cross the Atlantic Ocean in an open-air, wicker-basket hot air balloon.

● 2004 - CBS-owned stations were fined $550,000 by the Federal Communications Commission for showing Janet Jackson's exposed right breast during the Super Bowl halftime show. (CBS has appealed.)

● 2005 - John Roberts' nomination as chief justice cleared the Senate Judiciary Committee on 13-5 vote.

BIRTHS

● 1515 - Anne of Cleves, queen consort of Henry VIII of England (d. 1557)

● 1547 - Philipp Nikodemus Frischlin, German philologist and poet (d. 1590)

● 1593 - Matthäus Merian, Swiss engraver (d. 1650)

● 1601 - Anne of Austria, wife of Louis XIII of France (d. 1666)

● 1606 - Li Zicheng, Chinese rebel (d. 1645)

● 1680 - Barthold Heinrich Brockes, German poet (d. 1747)

● 1694 - Philip Dormer Stanhope, 4th Earl of Chesterfield, English statesman and man of letters (d. 1773)

● 1715 - Jean-Étienne Guettard, French physician and scientist (d. 1786)

● 1717 - Pehr Wilhelm Wargentin, Swedish astronomer (d. 1783)

● 1722 - John Home, Scottish writer (d. 1808)

● 1741 - Peter Simon Pallas, German zoologist (d. 1811)

● 1743 - Quintin Craufurd, British author

● 1788 - Theodore Edward Hook, English author (d. 1841)

● 1791 - Michael Faraday, English physicist and chemist, the Farad (a measurement electrical charge capacitance) is named after him (d. 1867)

● 1819 - Wilhelm Wattenbach, German historian (d. 1897)

● 1829 - Tu Duc, Emperor of Vietnam

● 1830 - Caroline Astor, American aristocratic leader of New York high society (d. 1908)

● 1876 - André Tardieu, Prime Minister of France (d. 1945)

● 1877 - Victor Shelford, American zoologist and animal ecologist (d. 1968)

● 1878 - Yoshida Shigeru, Prime Minister of Japan (d. 1967)

● 1880 - Dame Christabel Pankhurst, English suffragist (d. 1958)

● 1882 - Wilhelm Keitel, German field marshal (d. 1946)

● 1885 - Erich von Stroheim, Austrian-born director, writer and actor (d. 1957)

● 1885 - Ben Chifley, Prime Minister of Australia (d. 1951)

● 1895 - Paul Muni, Polish or Austrian-born American stage and film actor (d. 1967)

● 1895 - Babette Deutsch, American poet, critic, translator and novelist (d. 1982)

● 1896 - Henry Segrave, British racing driver (d. 1930)

● 1898 - Katherine Alexander, American actress (d. 1981)

● 1900 - William Spratling, American silver designer and architect (d. 1967)

● 1900 - Paul H. Emmett, American chemical engineer (d. 1985)

● 1901 - Charles B. Huggins, Canadian-born surgeon and urologist, Nobel laureate (1966) (d. 1997)

● 1902 - John Houseman, Romanian-born director, producer and actor of American stage, film and radio. (d. 1988)

● 1903 - Joseph Valachi, American gangster (d. 1971)

● 1905 - Eugen Sänger, Austrian aerospace engineer (d. 1964)

● 1912 - Martha Scott, American actress (d. 2003)

● 1915 - Arthur Lowe, British actor (d. 1982)

● 1918 - Henryk Szeryng, Polish-born violinist (d. 1988)

● 1920 - William H. Riker, American political scientist (d. 1993)

● 1920 - Bob Lemon, Major League Baseball pitcher (d. 2000)

● 1922 - Chen Ning Yang, Chinese-born physicist, Nobel laureate

● 1923 - Dannie Abse, Welsh poet and writer

● 1924 - Charles Keeping, British illustrator (d. 1988)

● 1924 - Rosamunde Pilcher, English novelist

● 1927 - Tommy Lasorda, Former Los Angels Dodgers baseball manager

● 1927 - Gordon Astall, English footballer

● 1928 - James Lawson, American minister and civil rights activist

● 1929 - Serge Garant, Québécois pianist, conductor and composer (d. 1986)

● 1931 - Fay Weldon, British feminist

● 1931 - George Younger, 4th Viscount Younger of Leckie, British politician (d. 2003)

● 1932 - Ingemar Johansson, Swedish boxer

● 1934 - Lute Olson, American basketball coach and Hall of Fame member

● 1936 - Maurice Evans, English football player and manager (d. 2000)

● 1938 - Gene Mingo, American football player

● 1940 - Anna Karina, Danish born actress

● 1942 - David Stern, American basketball commissioner

● 1943 - Toni Basil, American singer

● 1946 - King Sunny Ade, Nigerian singer

● 1946 - Larry Dierker, baseball player

● 1946 - Paul Lemat, Actor

● 1947 - Robert Morace, American writer

● 1948 - Denis Burke, Australian politician

● 1948 - Jim Byrnes, American actor and musician

● 1949 - Jim Keith, American conspiracy theorist and author (d. 1999)

● 1950 - Kirka, Finnish singer

● 1951 - David Coverdale, English rock singer (Deep Purple, Whitesnake)

● 1952 - Bob Goodlatte, U.S. Congressman from Virginia

● 1952 - Paul Le Mat, American actor

● 1954 - Shari Belafonte, American singer and actress

● 1954 - Randy Lanier, American racing driver

● 1956 - Debby Boone, American singer

● 1956 - Masayuki Suzuki, Japanese singer (Rats & Star)

● 1956 - June Forester, Country singer (The Forester Sisters)

● 1957 - Nick Cave, Australian musician

● 1957 - Giuseppe Saronni, Italian cyclist

● 1957 - Johnette Napolitano, Rock singer (Concrete Blond)

● 1958 - Andrea Bocelli, Italian tenor

● 1958 - Neil Cavuto, American television commentator

● 1958 - Joan Jett, American musician

● 1959 - Tai Babilonia, American figure skater

● 1961 - Scott Baio, American actor (''Happy Days,'' ''Joanie Loves Chachi'')

● 1961 - Bonnie Hunt, American actress

● 1961 - Vince Coleman, American baseball player

● 1961 - Catherine Oxenberg, British actress

● 1962 - Diogo Mainardi, Brazilian writer

● 1962 - Rob Stone, Actor

● 1965 - Andy Cairns, Irish musician

● 1965 - Tony Drago, Maltese snooker player

● 1966 - Moustafa Amar, Egyptian singer

● 1966 - Stefan Rehn, Swedish footballer

● 1967 - Félix Savón, Cuban boxer

● 1967 - Rickard Rydell, Swedish racing driver

● 1968 - Mike Richter, American hockey player

● 1969 - Chris Powell, English footballer

● 1969 - Matt Sharp, American Musician (Weezer), (The Rentals)

● 1970 - Mike Matheny, Baseball player

● 1970 - Rupert Penry-Jones, English actor

● 1970 - Emmanuel Petit, French footballer

● 1971 - Chesney Hawkes, British singer

● 1971 - Princess Märtha Louise of Norway

● 1971 - Big Rube, R&B singer (Society of Soul)

● 1974 - Bob Sapp, American boxer and kickboxer

● 1975 - Svilen Noev, Bulgarian singer-songwriter

● 1975 - Mystikal, American rapper

● 1976 - Ronaldo, Brazilian footballer

● 1978 - Ed Joyce, Irish/English cricketer

● 1978 - Harry Kewell, Australian footballer

● 1979 - Swin Cash, Basketball player

● 1980 - Fernanda Tavares, Brazilian supermodel

● 1981 - Adam Lazzara, American musician (Taking Back Sunday)

● 1982 - Billie Piper, English singer and actress

● 1987 - Tom Felton, English actor (''Harry Potter'' movies)

● 1988 - Bethany Dillon, American musician

DEATHS

● 1253 - Dogen, Japanese Zen Buddhist (b. 1200)

● 1345 - Henry Plantagenet, 3rd Earl of Leicester (b. 1281)

● 1399 - Thomas de Mowbray, 1st Duke of Norfolk, English politician (b. 1366)

● 1520 - Selim I, Ottoman Sultan (b. 1465)

● 1554 - Francisco Vasquez de Coronado, Spanish explorer

● 1566 - Johannes Agricola, German protestant reformer (b. 1494)

● 1607 - Alessandro Allori, Italian painter (b. 1535)

● 1658 - Georg Philipp Harsdorffer, German poet (b. 1607)

● 1662 - John Biddle, English theologian (b. 1615)

● 1703 - Vincenzo Viviani, Italian mathematician and scientist (b. 1622)

● 1774 - Pope Clement XIV (b. 1705)

● 1776 - Nathan Hale, hung by the British as a spy (b. 1755)

● 1777 - John Bartram, American botanist (b. 1699)

● 1828 - Shaka Zulu, Zulu leader

● 1852 - William Tierney Clark, English civil engineer (b. 1783)

● 1872 - Vladimir Dal, Russian lexicographer (b. 1801)

● 1873 - Friedrich Frey-Herosé, Swiss Federal Councilor (b. 1801)

● 1881 - Solomon L. Spink, U.S. Congressman from Illinois (b. 1831)

● 1952 - Kaarlo Juho Ståhlberg, first President of Finland (b. 1865)

● 1956 - Frederick Soddy, English chemist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1877)

● 1957 - Toyoda Soemu, Japanese admiral (b. 1885)

● 1961 - Marion Davies, American actress (b. 1897)

● 1969 - Adolfo López Mateos, president of Mexico (b. 1909)

● 1981 - Harry Warren, American composer and lyricist (b. 1893)

● 1987 - Dan Rowan, American actor and comedian (b. 1922)

● 1988 - Rais Amrohvi, Pakistani poet and psychoanalyst (b. 1914)

● 1989 - Irving Berlin, American songwriter (b. 1888)

● 1992 - Aurelio López, baseball player (b. 1948)

● 1993 - Maurice Abravanel, Greek-born conductor (b. 1903)

● 1996 - Dorothy Lamour, American actress (b. 1914)

● 1996 - Ludmilla Chiriaeff, Canadian ballet dancer and director (b. 1924)

● 1999 - George C. Scott, American actor (b. 1927)

● 2001 - Isaac Stern, Ukrainian violinist (b. 1920)

● 2002 - Jan de Hartog, Dutch-born writer (b. 1914)

● 2003 - Gordon Jump, American television actor (b. 1932)

● 2003 - Hugo Young, British journalist (b. 1938)

● 2004 - The Big Boss Man, professional wrestler (b. 1962)

HOLIDAYS AND OBSERVANCES

● In 2006, Rosh Hashanah, the Jewish New Year of 5767, begins at sunset.

● In ancient Greece, the ninth and final day of the Eleusinian Mysteries, when the initiates made offerings to the dead.

● In ancient Latvia, the first day of Mikeli, the Catching of Jumis.

● RC Saints - It has been or still is the feast day of the following saints:

● Saints Saint Digna & Saint Emerita
● Saint Emmeramus
● Saint Florentius
● Saint Jonas
● Saint Lauto
● Saint Lioba
● Saint Lolanus
● Saint Maurice
● Saint Phocas
● Saint Salaberga
● Saint Sanctinus
● Saint Thomas of Villanueva

● Also see September 22 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)

● French Republican Calendar - Raisin (Grape) Day, first day in the Month of Vendémiaire

● Bulgaria - Independence Day 1908

● Mali - Independence Day (from France, 1960)

● In Europe and in cities throughout the world, Car Free Day.

● Hobbit Day, being the debated birthday of the fictitious Hobbits Bilbo and Frodo Baggins in J.R.R. Tolkien's The Hobbit and Lord of the Rings trilogy.

ASTRONOMICAL PHENOMENA

● Autumnal equinox in the Northern hemisphere, Vernal equinox in the Southern hemisphere 1996, 2000, 2004, 2005, 2008, 2009, 2012 (by UT).


Click on this LINK to see original Wikipedia list with many having links with details.

Additional facts taken from:

The BBC Take on the day

On this day in the New York Times